Introduction to prebreeding component of CWR project
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This document summarizes a global initiative to collect, conserve, and utilize crop wild relatives to help adapt agriculture to climate change. It discusses the Global Crop Diversity Trust, which funds conservation of crop diversity collections. It also mentions the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and a 10-year project to collect wild relatives of 26 target crops in developing countries. The document outlines strategies for pre-breeding collected wild relatives with cultivated crops to transfer useful traits, especially drought and heat tolerance, and notes challenges like wildness of traits. It also summarizes an expert survey on priority species and traits for pre-breeding in the context of climate change.
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Introduction to prebreeding component of CWR project
1. Adapting agriculture to climate
change: collecting, protecting and
preparing crop wild relatives
Hannes Dempewolf
- The Global Crop Diversity Trust -
http://croptrust.org
2. What is the Global Crop Diversity Trust?
• Public-private partnership raising an endowment fund
that will provide continuous funding for key crop
diversity collections (starting with international
collections maintained by CGIAR Centres)
• Goal: “to advance an efficient and sustainable global
system of ex situ conservation by promoting the
rescue, understanding, use and long-term
conservation of valuable plant genetic resources”
• Part of the funding strategy of the International Treaty
for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
(ITPGRFA)
9. Not just conservation
• Significant component of USE of collected and conserved
material
• Genotyping
• Phenotyping
• Pre-breeding
• Evaluation
10. Pre-breeding
“It's a bit like crossing a house cat with a wildcat. You don't
automatically get a big docile pussycat. What you get is a lot of
wildness that you probably don't want Iying on your sofa.”
11. Possible CWR pre-breeding
and evaluation strategies
• Assess genetic diversity of accessions, pick set of diverse CWR
genotypes and cross with cultivars, create BCs and RILs and
evaluate
• First evaluate CWRs, then pick most promising genotypes and
use in pre-breeding with cultivated lines, evaluate again
• QTL (and MAS) approaches
• Candidate gene approach
• Sequence-based transcriptomics (to identify expression
differences under stress)
…. ?
12. Survey of pre-breeding experts
1. Which wild species or population(s) of crop wild relatives do
you think should be targeted first and foremost?
2. Which wild species or population(s) do you feel are currently
under-represented in ex situ collections and should be targeted
during the collecting activities of this project?
3. Which traits would you target (especially with reference to
traits that are important in a climate change context)?
So far a total of 98 expert responses were collected
13. Some issues to consider…
• Focus on species that are easiest to use or more difficult to use
and less well known but perhaps more interesting?
• What kinds of outputs of the project would be maximally useful
to the breeding community?
• What can be done to make breeders around the world aware of
the newly collected germplasm?
14. Expected Outputs of the meeting:
A. Where we are: Synthesis of past experiences and challenges of
the use of CWRs in potato pre-breeding
15. Expected Outputs of the meeting:
B. Where we should be going: Synthesis of expert opinions on the
best ‘way forward’ with regards to the use of CWRs in potato
pre-breeding:
• Which traits should pre-breeding efforts focus on in the context of
climate change?
• Which CWR taxa are promising but have so far largely remained
unexploited?
• Where do such taxa occur and what should priorities be for future
collecting?
• What are the main obstacles for an increased use of CWR in
potato pre-breeding (e.g. taxonomical issues; access regimes to
PGR; funding constraints; etc.) and how can we overcome them?
16. Program overview
DAY 1:
• Welcome and introduction
• Setting the scene: Species diversity of potato CWRs and historical
perspectives on the use of CWRs in potato pre-breeding
• Participants report on experiences, accomplishments, challenges
and perspectives with the use of CWRs in potato pre-breeding
DAY 2:
• Potato breeding objectives and climate change
• Predictability of systematic relationships and biogeography for the
use of CWRs in pre-breeding
• Synthesis work towards meeting outcomes
17. Program overview
DAY 3:
• Relevant international and national policies and regulations with
regards to potato CWRs
• Discussion on:
• relevant policies and the role of the public and private
sector;
• priorities for collecting potato CWRs;
• syntheses and the way forward
It shows the absolute change in species richness (ie. Future richness minus current richness) for all the wild relatives of 12 genepools (those that we included in our first gap analysis), considering unlimited species dispersal (i.e. species can move anywhere where climate is suitable in the future –no barriers). Done for the emissions scenario SRES-A2 by 2050s. To produce it you model the distribution of each crop wild relative under present day conditions and then bin the distributions (0,1 maps), then sum those up to get the richness map. Do the same for the future and then take the difference.