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Presentation on Information Privacy

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Perry Slack

This document discusses information privacy and its technical, organizational, and social implications. It begins by defining information privacy and the relationship between data collection, technology, public expectations of privacy, and legal issues. It then covers topics like personally identifiable information, the types of data collected online, and technical tools and devices related to privacy. The document also addresses the costs of information privacy for governments, companies, and consumers. It discusses perspectives on privacy from different generations and countries. Finally, it covers organizational privacy policies and standards, as well as some high-profile data breach cases and the importance of information security.

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Information Privacy
Table of Contents • Introduction • Technical Implications • Impact and Rationales • Organizational View • Online Data Privacy • Information Security
• What is going on? – The User Data walls are coming down across services. » Simplification » Unification » Services are now features not products
What is Information Privacy???
• Simply put… – Information privacy is the relationship between collection and dissemination of: • Data • Technology • The public expectation of privacy • Legal and political issues surrounding them
What does privacy mean in society??? • Older Generation: Privacy is about secrecy. • Younger Generation: Privacy is about control. People's relationship with privacy is socially complicated
Identity • Personally Identifiable Information (PII) – Name, IP Address, Face, Fingerprint, Genetic Information • Non-Personally Identifiable Information – Behaviors on website • Information privacy concern exists wherever those information is collected or stored in digital form or otherwise.
Four Primary Concerns – Collection: The very act of data collection. Legal or illegal. – Unauthorized secondary use – Improper access – Errors
Double-edged Sword – Used carefully under proper safeguards, increase public utility trough: • Each new service is backed by a database, and that database is vulnerable • Data makes services better • Free is Cheap • Shared data makes individual experiences better – Abuse can lead to invasion of information privacy.
Technical Implications
Information: Content Range • Healthcare records • Criminal justice investigations and proceedings • Financial institutions and transactions • Biological traits, such as genetic material • Residence and geographic records • Invisible Traces of our presence – Data trails – Credit Card Databases – Phone Company Databases – ISP Databases – Relationship Management Database
Web Data Collection • Personal information-Profile • Other information – Device information – Cookies – Log information – User communications – Location data
Devices/Tools • Hardware – Security tokens :Physical access + PIN – Data Centers /Servers – Biometric Technology – Device Fingerprinting • Software(Encryption) – GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) – Portable Firefox – Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) – Secure Shell (SSH) – I2P - The Anonymous Network – Tor (anonymity network)
General Cost Items for Information Privacy Management • Government/Legal: – Bill C-30: Canadian government’s invasive and warrantless online spying scheme $80 million – Privacy of bill of right in U.S.: cooperation of many different agencies over years • Company: – Data collection – Personnel Costs – Protect users’ data from outside hacking – Expertise to safeguard the service-remote storage service “Cloud” – “Do not track bar” in to Browser: Google and Microsoft • Consumer: – Time to learn – Switch cost between different browser • Limit the ability to correlate behavior • Malicious criminal activity. All Costs Related to Scale
Impact & Rationales
Why Do Industries Invest? • Provides security for all users • Keeps information internal, not external • Helps protect against lawsuits • Heavy Investments from the Healthcare, Military and IT Industries.
Concerns for the Future • What is considered “private” information • How to make information more accessible • How to evolve systems to prevent breaches
Facebook • Full Name • Birthday • Address • Photos • Education Locations • Family Members
How it applies country to country “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.” —Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 12
Laws by Countries • US – HIPAA – Electronic Communications Privacy Act – PATROIT Act – The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act – “Safe Harbor” • European Union – Data Protection Directive – European Data Protection Regulation
Organizational View
Who enforces the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? • The Office of E-Health Standards and Services (OESS) – Transactions – Code Sets – National Identifiers (Employer and Provider identifiers) regulation • Office for Civil Rights OCR – The HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules
HIPPA Secure Hosting for Protected Data • HIPAA Compliance Data Center – Stores Protected Health Information (PHI) • Security Measures – A Virtual or Dedicated Private Firewall Services – Advanced Encryption Standard – SSL Certificates & HTTPS – Remote VPN Access – Disaster Recovery
Information Privacy in Organizations Internal Implications • Information Privacy is: – Associated with creative performance – Associated with psychological empowerment – Context specific • Control initiatives may undermine employee: • Perceptions of fairness and privacy
Organizational Leadership C-level executives vs. IT Teams – There is a measurable understanding gap • C-level executives focus on driving the business. – Long-Term view • IT team is thinking and deploying its resources to protect. – Near-term view
Business Priorities as Interpreted by IT
What Takes Priority with IT Teams?
Online Data Privacy
Consumer Data • In 1996 E-commerce revenue in 1996: $600M • In 2013 E-commerce revenue expected to reach 2013: $963B
Expectations • Consumers should expect reasonable measures: – Technical – Physical – Administrative. • Privacy Professionals in organizations handle compliance with privacy promises • No such thing as Perfect Privacy, just acceptable levels of risk
Govt. Searching Standards • Constitutional Standard – Preventing Unreasonable Search & Seizure • 4th Amendment protections • Applies to In-House “Data in the home” • Statutory Standard – Jurisprudence Define Legality • Warshack vs. USA • Applies Out-of-House “Cloud Data” • Privacy Act – Right to see records held about you
Federal Trade Commission • Federal Trade Commission Principals 1. Notice/Awareness 2. Choice/Consent 3. Access/Participation 4. Integrity/Security 5. Enforcement/Redress • Power of “Privacy Audits”
Growth Outpacing Regulation • The FTC 1st established guidelines in a 1998. SELF-REGULATION IS ESTABLISHED “The commission believes that legislation to address online privacy is not appropriate at this time” Burden of Privacy Protection largely on the Website User or You!
Information Security
Information Security (cont...) • Corporate Policy – Processes/Policies are needed to encourage responsible information handling within organizations – Importance of security measures taken to ensure customer/employee privacy – Example policies: • Storing sensitive information on secure or disconnected servers • Requiring all employees to install antivirus or firewall software
Information Security (cont…) • International Standards – Generally Accepted Privacy Principles (GAPP) – ISO/IEC 27002 • IS standard – best practice recommendations for those “initiating, implementing, or maintaining Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) – Risk Assessment – Security Policy – Asset Management – Physical/Environmental Security – Access Control – Etc.
Breach Cases 2011 • Sony’s PlayStation Network – Size: 101 million user accounts – Type of Data: name, home and e-mail addresses, login credentials, some credit card information – Consequence: Identity theft, class-action law-suits • Epsilon, Alliance Data Systems – Size: Unknown; 60 million estimated e-mail addresses – Type of Data: e-mail addresses, some names – Consequence: Exposed confidential customer lists, loss of business
Breach Cases (Cont…) 2011 • University of South Carolina – Size: 31,000 – Type of Data: names, addresses, health records, financial data, Social Security numbers – Consequence: Identity theft, loss of business • RSA Security – Size: Unknown – Type of Data: "information related to SecurID technology“ – Consequence: Compromised enterprises and govt. agencies that rely on SecurID security technology
Lessons Learned • Need to have IS policies, procedures, and technologies in place to prevent and deal with Information Privacy issues • Negligence in IS and maintaining PII can have damaging effects on the customer and employee relationship
Relationship Management Benefits of IS and IP • Increased usage of online services by existing customers and increased number of new customers due to: – Fulfillment of the need for privacy of customers (Some customers may only use the service if their privacy needs are fulfilled, other may use the service more often.) – Increased public image and trust (especially if the privacy friendly attitude is advertised) – Competitive advantage (if the competition doesn't have a similar offer) – Increased customer retention (Customers appreciate the privacy enhancing functions of the service and don't like the idea of not finding them with competing services.)
Questions?

More Related Content

Presentation on Information Privacy

  • 2. Table of Contents • Introduction • Technical Implications • Impact and Rationales • Organizational View • Online Data Privacy • Information Security
  • 3. • What is going on? – The User Data walls are coming down across services. » Simplification » Unification » Services are now features not products
  • 4. What is Information Privacy???
  • 5. • Simply put… – Information privacy is the relationship between collection and dissemination of: • Data • Technology • The public expectation of privacy • Legal and political issues surrounding them
  • 6. What does privacy mean in society??? • Older Generation: Privacy is about secrecy. • Younger Generation: Privacy is about control. People's relationship with privacy is socially complicated
  • 7. Identity • Personally Identifiable Information (PII) – Name, IP Address, Face, Fingerprint, Genetic Information • Non-Personally Identifiable Information – Behaviors on website • Information privacy concern exists wherever those information is collected or stored in digital form or otherwise.
  • 8. Four Primary Concerns – Collection: The very act of data collection. Legal or illegal. – Unauthorized secondary use – Improper access – Errors
  • 9. Double-edged Sword – Used carefully under proper safeguards, increase public utility trough: • Each new service is backed by a database, and that database is vulnerable • Data makes services better • Free is Cheap • Shared data makes individual experiences better – Abuse can lead to invasion of information privacy.
  • 11. Information: Content Range • Healthcare records • Criminal justice investigations and proceedings • Financial institutions and transactions • Biological traits, such as genetic material • Residence and geographic records • Invisible Traces of our presence – Data trails – Credit Card Databases – Phone Company Databases – ISP Databases – Relationship Management Database
  • 12. Web Data Collection • Personal information-Profile • Other information – Device information – Cookies – Log information – User communications – Location data
  • 13. Devices/Tools • Hardware – Security tokens :Physical access + PIN – Data Centers /Servers – Biometric Technology – Device Fingerprinting • Software(Encryption) – GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) – Portable Firefox – Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) – Secure Shell (SSH) – I2P - The Anonymous Network – Tor (anonymity network)
  • 14. General Cost Items for Information Privacy Management • Government/Legal: – Bill C-30: Canadian government’s invasive and warrantless online spying scheme $80 million – Privacy of bill of right in U.S.: cooperation of many different agencies over years • Company: – Data collection – Personnel Costs – Protect users’ data from outside hacking – Expertise to safeguard the service-remote storage service “Cloud” – “Do not track bar” in to Browser: Google and Microsoft • Consumer: – Time to learn – Switch cost between different browser • Limit the ability to correlate behavior • Malicious criminal activity. All Costs Related to Scale
  • 16. Why Do Industries Invest? • Provides security for all users • Keeps information internal, not external • Helps protect against lawsuits • Heavy Investments from the Healthcare, Military and IT Industries.
  • 17. Concerns for the Future • What is considered “private” information • How to make information more accessible • How to evolve systems to prevent breaches
  • 18. Facebook • Full Name • Birthday • Address • Photos • Education Locations • Family Members
  • 19. How it applies country to country “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.” —Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 12
  • 20. Laws by Countries • US – HIPAA – Electronic Communications Privacy Act – PATROIT Act – The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act – “Safe Harbor” • European Union – Data Protection Directive – European Data Protection Regulation
  • 22. Who enforces the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? • The Office of E-Health Standards and Services (OESS) – Transactions – Code Sets – National Identifiers (Employer and Provider identifiers) regulation • Office for Civil Rights OCR – The HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules
  • 23. HIPPA Secure Hosting for Protected Data • HIPAA Compliance Data Center – Stores Protected Health Information (PHI) • Security Measures – A Virtual or Dedicated Private Firewall Services – Advanced Encryption Standard – SSL Certificates & HTTPS – Remote VPN Access – Disaster Recovery
  • 24. Information Privacy in Organizations Internal Implications • Information Privacy is: – Associated with creative performance – Associated with psychological empowerment – Context specific • Control initiatives may undermine employee: • Perceptions of fairness and privacy
  • 25. Organizational Leadership C-level executives vs. IT Teams – There is a measurable understanding gap • C-level executives focus on driving the business. – Long-Term view • IT team is thinking and deploying its resources to protect. – Near-term view
  • 26. Business Priorities as Interpreted by IT
  • 27. What Takes Priority with IT Teams?
  • 29. Consumer Data • In 1996 E-commerce revenue in 1996: $600M • In 2013 E-commerce revenue expected to reach 2013: $963B
  • 30. Expectations • Consumers should expect reasonable measures: – Technical – Physical – Administrative. • Privacy Professionals in organizations handle compliance with privacy promises • No such thing as Perfect Privacy, just acceptable levels of risk
  • 31. Govt. Searching Standards • Constitutional Standard – Preventing Unreasonable Search & Seizure • 4th Amendment protections • Applies to In-House “Data in the home” • Statutory Standard – Jurisprudence Define Legality • Warshack vs. USA • Applies Out-of-House “Cloud Data” • Privacy Act – Right to see records held about you
  • 32. Federal Trade Commission • Federal Trade Commission Principals 1. Notice/Awareness 2. Choice/Consent 3. Access/Participation 4. Integrity/Security 5. Enforcement/Redress • Power of “Privacy Audits”
  • 33. Growth Outpacing Regulation • The FTC 1st established guidelines in a 1998. SELF-REGULATION IS ESTABLISHED “The commission believes that legislation to address online privacy is not appropriate at this time” Burden of Privacy Protection largely on the Website User or You!
  • 35. Information Security (cont...) • Corporate Policy – Processes/Policies are needed to encourage responsible information handling within organizations – Importance of security measures taken to ensure customer/employee privacy – Example policies: • Storing sensitive information on secure or disconnected servers • Requiring all employees to install antivirus or firewall software
  • 36. Information Security (cont…) • International Standards – Generally Accepted Privacy Principles (GAPP) – ISO/IEC 27002 • IS standard – best practice recommendations for those “initiating, implementing, or maintaining Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) – Risk Assessment – Security Policy – Asset Management – Physical/Environmental Security – Access Control – Etc.
  • 37. Breach Cases 2011 • Sony’s PlayStation Network – Size: 101 million user accounts – Type of Data: name, home and e-mail addresses, login credentials, some credit card information – Consequence: Identity theft, class-action law-suits • Epsilon, Alliance Data Systems – Size: Unknown; 60 million estimated e-mail addresses – Type of Data: e-mail addresses, some names – Consequence: Exposed confidential customer lists, loss of business
  • 38. Breach Cases (Cont…) 2011 • University of South Carolina – Size: 31,000 – Type of Data: names, addresses, health records, financial data, Social Security numbers – Consequence: Identity theft, loss of business • RSA Security – Size: Unknown – Type of Data: "information related to SecurID technology“ – Consequence: Compromised enterprises and govt. agencies that rely on SecurID security technology
  • 39. Lessons Learned • Need to have IS policies, procedures, and technologies in place to prevent and deal with Information Privacy issues • Negligence in IS and maintaining PII can have damaging effects on the customer and employee relationship
  • 40. Relationship Management Benefits of IS and IP • Increased usage of online services by existing customers and increased number of new customers due to: – Fulfillment of the need for privacy of customers (Some customers may only use the service if their privacy needs are fulfilled, other may use the service more often.) – Increased public image and trust (especially if the privacy friendly attitude is advertised) – Competitive advantage (if the competition doesn't have a similar offer) – Increased customer retention (Customers appreciate the privacy enhancing functions of the service and don't like the idea of not finding them with competing services.)

Editor's Notes

  1. Google will combine user data from service like YouTube, Gmail and Google Search and create a single merged profile for each user of its service. A way to attract more users? Effective on Mar 1st, 201270 policies into one
  2. Just say it is viewed differently under different contexts and is hard to define.. Computational, Content, and Structural Views… Next slide
  3.  In other words, the only reason privacy exists in the first place is because it was too much trouble for anyone to bother monitoring everything they would otherwise want to. There’s no innate right to privacy, it’s just that no one could be arsed to deprive you of it. Setting aside my understanding of economics, this was a relatively jarring perspective for me (I’m a lot more accustomed to hearing privacy described as a right) and it gave me pause for thought.
  4. Free is Cheap: Data collection makes services free due to Add Revenue and this is a Plus for end users.Talk about why abuse is bad for the public utility
  5. Important content informations
  6. Compare more FB and Google with Infogrphic
  7. protected health information (PHI) are now stored and hosted online in accordance to HIPAA hosting standards
  8. The survey of 718 IT and IT security practitioners in the United States—more than half of whom report directly to the CIO—determined that the number one reason senior management funded data protection efforts was “the need to comply with regulations, laws, and other mandates” followed closely by “response to a recent data breach” (a response likely necessitated by a regulation). At the very bottom of the justification list is “protect the company’s good reputation.”http://www.datacenterjournal.com/it/business-first-thinking-for-it-security/
  9.  Here, IT’s top answer is intellectual property (IP). Customer, employee and consumer information (PII) occupy the bottom of the list.
  10. Viacom vs. Google
  11. Constitutional Standard:requires search warrant/ and “probable cause”.Statutory Standard: Police only need a court orderWarshackvs USA: First Case to attempt to establish constitutional protections for ISPPrivacy Act: Right to see rteccords from federal governemrnt