Prevention ppt

LEVELS OF PREVENTION
IN HEALTH
Presented by
Ms.sandhya.M,

DEFINITION OF PREVENTION:
 The Management OfThose FactorsThat
Could LeadTo Disease So AsTo PreventThe
OccurrenceOf the Disease.
 - Mosby dictionary

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
 Definition:
 It is the prevention of emergence of
risk factors in populations, in which they have
not yet appeared .
INTERVENTIONS:
 The main intervention in primordial
prevention is through individual and mass
health education.


PRIMARY PREVENTION:
 DEFINITION:
 Primary prevention can be defined as
action taken prior to the onset of
disease,which removes the possibility that a
disease will ever occur .

 Population (mass) Strategy
 High- risk Strategy:

 Population (mass) Strategy:
 It is directed at the whole population
irrespective of an individual risk levels.
 High- risk Strategy:
 It aims to bring preventive care to
individuals at special risk.This requires
detection of individuals ar high risk by the
optimum use of clinical methods.

INTERVENTIONS:
 General Health promotion
 Specific protection:

General Health promotion
 Health education
 Environmental modifications
 Nutritional interventions
 Lifestyle and behavioural changes.

General Health promotion- ct,d
 Health education to improve healthy habits and
health consciousness in the community.
 Improvement in nutritional standards of the
community.
 Healthful physical environment (Housing,
watersupply, excreta disposal,etc.,)
 Good working condition
 Mariage Counselling
 Periodic Selective examination of risk population.

Specific protection:
 Use of Specific immunization (BCG, DPT,MMR
vaccines)
 Chemoprophylaxis (tetracycline for Cholera, dapsone
for Leprosy, Chloroquine for malaria,etc.,)
 Use of specific nutrients (vitamin A for Children, iron-
folic acid tablets for Pregnant mothers)
 Protection against accidents (Use of helmet,
seatbelt,etc.,)
 Protection against occupational hazards.
 Avoidance of allergens.
 Protection from air pollution.

SECONDARY PREVENTION:
Definition:
The action which
halts the progress of a
disease at its incipient
stage and prevents
complications”.

Objectives of secondary
prevention:
 Complete cure and prevent the progression of
disease process.
 To prevent the spreads of disease by curing all the
known cases.
 To prevent the complications and sequel of disease.
 To shorten the period of disability.

INTERVENTIONS:
 Individual and mass case-finding measures.
 Screening surveys(urine examination for
diabetes,etc.,)
 Selective examination

TERTIARY PREVENTION

 All meaDefinition:sures available to
reduce or limit impairments and disabilities,
minimize suffering caused by existing
departures from good health and to promote
the patient’s adjustment to irremediable
conditions

MODES OF INTERVENTION:
 i) Disability limitation
 ii)Rehabilitation

Disability limitation:
 Disease
Impairment
Disability
Handicap

REHABILITATION:
 Medical rehabilitation: (restoration o
 Bodily Function).
 Vocational rehabilitation:( restoration of
 the capacity to earn a livelihood)
 Social rehabilitation: (restoration of family
 and social relationship).
 Psychological rehabilitation: (Restoration
 of personal dignity and confidence)

EXAMPLES FOR REHABILITATION:
 Establishing schools for the blind.
 Prevention of aids for the crippled.
 Reconstructive surgery in Leprosy.
 Change of profession for a more suitable one
and modification of life in general in the case
ofTB,etc.,

Prevention ppt

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