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thermometric refrigeration system
- 1. 1 A PRESENTATION ON THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGIRATION SYSTEM SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Davesh Bora Asst. Proff. Graphic Era Hill University Bhimtal Campus
- 2. Saurabh Negi Manish Palariya Saurav Rawat Bhuwneshwar Singh Bisht PROJECT MEMBERS
- 3. MILESTONES 01 02 03 04 Selection of the project that is on trend and can serve the society as well. Handling Budget. Gathering and completion of project.Collection of material that are required in the project.
- 4. 1 REALIZATION OF IDEA 01 02 Production of refrigeration effect with the use of Thermoelectric Module and Photovoltaic Module for generation of energy which we can further use for cooling and heating effect. The most important utilization of this portable cooler is for the preservation of insulin in extreme conditions. It should be pollutant free-contains no liquids or gases, portable, compact, creates no vibration or noise. 03
- 5. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Refrigeration is the process of heat-removal from a space in order to bring it to a lower temperature than surrounding temperature. 2. “Peltier cooling module” works on thermoelectric refrigeration, aims to provide cooling by using thermoelectric effects rather than the more prevalent conventional methods like ‘vapour compression cycle’ or the ‘vapour absorption cycle’. 3. They are entirely solid-state devices, with no moving parts. They use no ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, potentially offering a more environmentally responsible.
- 6. 1 4. However, their efficiency is low compared to conventional refrigerators. Thus, they are used in niche applications where their unique advantages outweigh their low efficiency. 5. The objectives of this study is design and develop a working thermoelectric refrigerator which provides interior cooling that utilizes the Peltier effect to refrigerate and maintain a selected temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C. CONT.
- 7. 1 PELTIER HISTORY 1. Early 19th century scientists, Thomas Seebeck and Jean Peltier, first found that if you place a temperature gradient across the junctions of two dissimilar conductors, electrical current would flow. 2. Peltier, on the other hand, learned that passing current through two dissimilar electrical conductors, caused heat to be either emitted or absorbed at the junction of the materials. 3. With modern techniques, we can now produce thermos electric efficient solid state heat-pumping for both cooling and heating; Jean Charles Athanase Peltier
- 8. 1 PELTIER EFFECT 1. The Peltier effect is the main contributor to all thermoelectric cooling applications. 2. It is responsible for heat removal and heat absorbance. 3. It states that when an electric current flows across two dissimilar conductors, the junction of the conductors will either absorb or emit heat depending on the flow of the electric current. 4. The heat absorbed or released at the junction is proportional to the input electric current. 5. The constant of proportionality is called the Peltier coefficient.
- 9. 1 1. A typical thermoelectric module consists of an array of Bismuth Telluride semiconductor pellets that have been carrier–either positive or negative–carries the majority of current. 2. The pairs of P/N pellets are configured so that they are connected electrically in series, but thermally in parallel. 3. Metalized ceramic substrates provide the platform for the pellets and the small conductive tabs that connect them. PELTIER STRUCTURE
- 10. 1 METHOD OF HEAT TRANSPORT 1. Electrons can travel freely in the copper conductors but not so freely in the semiconductor. 2. As the electrons leave the copper and enter the hot-side of the p-type, they must fill a "hole" in order to move through the p-type. When the electrons fill a hole, they drop down to a lower energy level and release heat in the process. 3. Then, as the electrons move from the p-type into the copper conductor on the cold side, the electrons are bumped back to a higher energy level and absorb heat in the process. 4. To increase heat transport, several p type or n type thermoelectric(TE) components can be hooked up in parallel.
- 11. MATERIALS USED 1 1. Peltier module 2. 12V DC Supply 3. 12V DC Fan 4. Heat Sink 5. Solar Panel 6. Insulating material
- 12. 1 WORKING OF THE PROJECT 1. The fridge is provided power supply form a 12 volt DC 7.5 amps battery or a solar panel. 2. To start the fridge, the switch on the fridge is turned on. 3. When the switch is turned on current goes through rectifier and changes to 20 V dc. 4. Direct current is then passed through a thermoelectric module. The junction of the inside of the refrigerator gets cold and out junction of the peltier gets heated.
- 13. 1 CONT. 5. Cold sides of the both Peltier transfers the chilling effect to the evaporator. 6. The Peltier thermoelectric Device will be so arranged in a box with proper insulation system and heat sink so that efficient cooling takes place at all the time. 7. To turn off the fridge, switch can be turned off.
- 14. 1. Outer dimensions Length= 395mm Breadth=285mm Height= 250mm 2. Cabin dimensions Length =370mm Breadth =115mm Height =185mm 3. Volume of the Cabin= 7871750mm3 4. Dimensions of peltier = 40mm x 40mmx 2mm DIMENSIONS OF THE FRIDGE
- 15. ADVANTAGES 1 Very little space is required by the cooling system. The thermoelectric module is the size of a matchbook. COMPACT SIZE 20% to 40% less expensive than compressor or absorption units LOWER PRICED: No chlorofluorocarbons or refrigerant emissions ENVIROMENT FRIENDLY: Averages approximately 4.5 amps - less than your cars headlights. LOW BATTERY: A B C
- 16. 1 DRAWBACKS 01 02 The major disadvantage of the Peltier effect is that, it is inefficient. The flowing current itself tends to generate a significant amount of heat, which gets added to the overall heat dissipation. If the components of Peltier devices are cooled too much, it can result in condensation, which may cause a short circuit.
- 17. 1 Cooling: 1. Electronic enclosures . 2. Laser diodes . 3. Laboratory instruments . 4. Temperature baths . 5. Refrigerators . 6. Telecommunications equipment . 7. Temperature control in missiles and space systems . APPLICATION
- 18. 1 $ S.No Name of the Material / Equipment Cost Rs. 1 Peltier devices -2 660/- 2 Thermocol box 200/- 3 Battery 12v 650/- 4 Heat sink 400/- 5 Thermal paste 80/- 6 Insulating material 150/- 7 Solar Panel 600/- Total cost Rs.2740/- COST ANALYSIS
- 19. NEW OPPORTUNITIES With recent development taking place in field of thermoelectric and nano-science different thermoelectric material with high temperature difference to be explored this will further help to reduce the temperature, current and can also perform better at higher ambient conditions.
- 20. 1 CONCLUSION The objective of the project is to achieve the long term cooling in case of power failure for refrigerator. A TER Cooling system has been designed and developed to provide active cooling with help of single stage 12 V TE module is used to provide adequate cooling. Simulation tests in laboratory have validated the theoretical design parameters and established the feasibility of providing cooling with single stage thermoelectric cooler was tested in the environmental chamber.
- 21. 1 As TER not available in open market which we can retain cooling at case of power outage due to high current carrying capacity. The retention time achieved was 52 min with the designed module in this project. In order to achieve the higher retention time, another alternative was incorporate. This consists the additional heater on heat sink. The highest retention time achieved was 57 mins. CONT.