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This document discusses flare technology and applications. It begins with an outline and defines a flare as safety equipment used to burn unwanted gases from oil, gas, and chemical plants. It notes that flares ensure safe combustion to prevent explosions. The document then discusses: the widespread use of flares globally; types of flares including utility, steam-assisted, air-assisted, and multi-point ground flares; factors that influence flare design and performance such as gas composition and flow rates; and issues with flaring including emissions and strategies to minimize flaring.
Pneumatic testing involves higher risks than hydrostatic testing due to the compressibility and stored potential energy of air. A minor leak during pneumatic testing can lead to a rapid rupture and explosion before remedial action can be taken. Hydrostatic testing uses incompressible water, stores much less energy, and allows leaks to be detected sooner through a pressure drop. Proper procedures and safety precautions are required when conducting pneumatic tests to prevent damage and injury.
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This document provides an overview of Gujarat Gas Limited's city gas distribution business in India. It discusses the company's network, which includes over 16,000 km of pipelines distributing natural gas to over 10 lakh customers. It also outlines the key components of a city gas distribution network such as city gas stations, pipeline networks in steel and polyethylene, regulating stations, and CNG stations. The document then goes into details about ongoing pipeline projects and the methodology used for planning, designing, and constructing steel pipeline networks.
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The document outlines compressor systems, components, efficiency factors, and procedures for checking bumping clearance on main air compressors.
Metering systems are used to accurately measure oil and gas volumes being sold along the supply chain. For small volumes, oil is directly measured in storage tanks, while large volumes use automated LACT units. Natural gas can be measured using orifice meters, which determine flow rates based on differential pressure. Fiscal metering, which is used for custody transfer, employs meters, analyzers, and prover loops to ensure measurements are accurate to within 0.3% for liquids and 1.0% for gases. The data is used to calculate invoices and payments between partners.
The document provides details about the internship report of Arpit Gour at Aavantika Gas Limited in Indore, India. It includes certificates of completion, acknowledgements of those who supported the internship, and an introduction to Aavantika Gas Limited and its operations. The report then describes the value chain of city gas distribution including compressed natural gas, pipelined natural gas, the project department activities of trenching, laying and testing pipelines, commonly used pipe materials, and the company's financial performance in 2015-16.
This document provides troubleshooting guidance for common air compressor issues. It lists various problems air compressors may experience such as failing to operate, excessive noise, knocking, insufficient pressure, oil consumption issues and more. For each problem, it identifies potential causes and recommended solutions to resolve the issue. The document serves as an informative guide for technicians to diagnose and repair air compressor faults.
Domestic natural gas discoveries and LNG imports are driving expansion of India's city gas distribution (CGD) infrastructure. Many pipeline and LNG terminal projects are planned over the next 5-10 years to connect new demand centers and sources of supply. However, securing sufficient gas supplies remains a challenge for the CGD sector. Recent bidding rounds showed variation in network tariffs and expansion targets bid by companies, raising questions about regulatory policies. Stakeholders have concerns around gas availability, pricing reforms, and the pace of infrastructure development that will need to be addressed for the long-term growth of India's CGD sector.
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Excel sheet Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/385945712/PSV-Sizing-Tool-API-Based-Calc-Sheets
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Flaring is the controlled burning of natural gas during oil and gas production. While necessary for safety, flaring wastes a resource and harms the environment. It is in industry's interest to minimize flaring by commercializing gas when possible. When gas cannot be utilized, reinjection underground or flaring with high-efficiency systems are preferable to venting. Governments must provide policies to encourage alternative approaches tailored to local conditions, in order to reduce flaring impacts.
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Project training report
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With immense please we are presenting “ TRAINING REPORT” as part of the
curriculum of ‘DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING’. We wish
to thank all the people who gave us unending support.
I express my profound thanks to HOD MR. ASHWINI MOR, project guide
and all those who have indirectly guided and helped us in preparation of this
project.
We also like to extend our gratitude to all staff and our colleagues of
College, who provided moral support, a conductive work environment and the
much-needed inspiration to conclude the project in time
and a special thanks to my parents who are integral part of the project.
Thanking you.
NAME: NISHANT KUMAR
B.TECH (7th SEM)
ROLL NO:- 14/ME 13
BRANCH: MECHANICAL
3. CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Natural gas industry 2
Gas transmissionanddistributionnetwork.
Metering regulating skids /industrial pressure regulating skids.
District / field regulating skids.
Gas pressure regulating and metering stations. 3-4
Gas Transmission and Distribution Network.
Metering Regulating Skids / Industrial Pressure Regulating Skids.
District / Field Regulating Skids.
Filter & separator. 4
Underground units for gas pressure regulation. 5
Regulator& safetydevice. 6
Meters
7-8
Gas flow meter.
Electronic corrector system.
Gas chromtographer.
Waterbath heater skids 9
Pressure vessels& heat exchanger 10
Flare stack 11
Thermal oil heaters 12
4. WELCOME TO AUTOMETER ENERGITEC
Autometers Energitec Ltd. (Formerly: RMG Autometers Gas Technologies Ltd.) is an ISO
9001:2008 Certified company situated in Noida, near New Delhi, India, with state-of-the-art
modern facilities for the manufacturing of Natural Gas Pressure Reducing and Metering Stations
and products for the transmission and distribution of natural gas for utilities, industries and
domestic sectors.
Autometers Energitec Ltd.:-
An ISO 9001:2008 company
Accredited by ASME for "U" stamp Pressure Vessels
Fabrication capabilities approved by ABS Industrial Verification for
manufacturing of Skids and Pressure Vessels.
Fabrication capabilities approved by Engineers India Limited for
manufacturing of Skids.
Autometers Energitec Ltd. offers :
Pressure reducing & metering stations
Under Ground Gas Control Module (Compact District Regulating Station)
Filters & Separators
Pressure Vessels & Heat Exchangers
Thermal Oil Heaters
Water Bath Heaters
Waste Heat Recovery Systems
Waste Water Management Systems
Electrostatic Precipitators
PSA Skids
Flare Stacks
Regulator & Safety Devices
Flow Meters – RPD / Turbine / Ultrasonic
PE Ball Valves
Facility for re-calibration & validation of gas metering equipment.
Comprehensive spares & service facility including technical support.
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5. NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
Autometers Energitec Ltd specialize in offering one stop solutions for design, development,
manufacture, installation & commissioning of pre-fabricated skids for natural gas transmission
and distribution applications, which include:
Natural Gas Pressure Regulating & Metering Stations
City Gate Stations (CGS)
District Regulating Stations (DRS) – Aboveground & Underground (Compact Modules)
Industrial Pressure Regulating Stations (IPRS).
Metering & Regulating Stations (MRS) for commercial & industrial applications.
RPD / Turbine / Ultrasonic based Metering Skids
CNG High Pressure Skids
GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
RMG Autometers offers Pressure Reducing & Metering Skids with Filtration, Flow
Metering –Ultrasonic Flow Meters, Turbine Meters as well as RPD Meters (with Elgas
make Electronic Volume Correctors) – Flow Computer, Gas Chromatograph and Flow
Control for final end users. Normally, these are 600 skids mainly for the major consumers
like Fertilizer Plants, Power Plants or City’s Gas Distribution Network.
METERING REGULATING SKIDS / INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE
REGULATING SKIDS
RMG Autometers is having very vast experience in these types of Pressure Regulating
Skids. These are generally Filtration, Metering and Pressure Regulating Skids with
Turbine or RPD Meters.
DISTRICT / FIELD REGULATING SKIDS
RMG Autometers possesses huge experience in the field of District Regulating Skids
(DRS) or Field Regulating Stations (FRS). Typically, DRS / FRS are ANSI 300 / ANSI
150 skids having Filtration, Pressure Regulation and Metering.
2
6. GAS PRESSURE REGULATING AND METERING STATIONS
Gas Transmission and Distribution Network:-
RMG Autometers offers Pressure Reducing & Metering Skids with Filtration, Flow Metering –
Ultrasonic Flow Meters, Turbine Meters as well as RPD Meters (with Elgas make Electronic
Volume Correctors) – Flow Computer, Gas Chromatograph and Flow Control for final end users.
Normally, these are 600 skids mainly for the major consumers like Fertilizer Plants, Power
Plants or City’s Gas Distribution Network.
Metering Regulating Skids / Industrial Pressure Regulating Skids:-
RMG Autometers is having very vast experience in these types of Pressure Regulating Skids.
These are generally Filtration, Metering and Pressure Regulating Skids with Turbine or RPD
Meter.
3
7. District / Field Regulating Skids:-
RMG Autometers possesses huge experience in the field of District Regulating Skids (DRS) or
Field Regulating Stations (FRS). Typically, DRS / FRS are ANSI 300 / ANSI 150 skids having
Filtration, Pressure Regulation and Metering.
FILTER & SEPARATOR
Main Features
The filters are designed mainly for natural gas application.
The main features are:
Installation configurations: Vertical or Horizontal.
Separation efficiencies: Depending on the type selected, separation efficiencies are typically
99.5% removal of all solid and liquid particles greater than 5 microns size.
Pressure rating: ANSI Class 150 / 300 / 600.
Connection sizes: 1” NB to 24” NB.
Choice of Shell Closures: Quick Opening or Bolted Closures.
Cartridges made in pressed felt with reinforcing mesh.
4
8. UNDERGROUND UNITS FOR GAS PRESSURE REGULATION
Features:
Meeting all the guidelines of PNGRB for District Regulating Station for city gas distribution.
Working parts are contained in a lightweight removable cartridge.
The cartridge chamber is sealed with water tight cover.
Configuration:Slam / Monitor / Active
Filter: 5 Microns, Stainless Steel element
Body: ASTM SA:106 / API5L
Process parameter:
Flow Rate: 5000 SCMH
Inlet pressure: Up to 19 bar, Outlet pressure up to 2 bar
Pressure Class: 150
Inlet size: 4” / 6”
Outlet size: 6” / 8”
DISTRICT REGULATING STATION – COMPACT MODULE
Features:
Krysalis 50 is an underground District Regulating Station for Class 300 and has the same
configuration (Slam/Monitor/Active).
Process Parameter:
Flow Rate: 5000 SCMH
Inlet pressure: Up to 49 bar, Outlet pressure up to 4 bar
Pressure Class: 300#
This model is also meeting the PNGRB guidelines for=" city gas distribution.
5
9. REGULATOR & SAFETY DEVICE
Gas pressure regulation is a part of engineering science and a section of automation technology.
Regulators:-
In gas supply systems, the gas pressure regulator takes over the task of controlled pressure
reduction. Regardless of the continuously changing flow quantities and input pressures, the
output pressure is kept at as constant a value as possible by means of the gas pressure regulator.
Gas pressure regulators
o RMG Product group 300
RMG 370
RMG 372
o RMG Product group 400
RMG 402
o RMG Product group 500
RMG 502
RMG 512
Safety valves:-
Actuators for safety shut-off valves and safety relief valves
Slam Shut-off Valve
o RMG Product Group 700
RMG 711 (up to DN 150)
RMG 711 (up to DN 300
6
10. METERS
Gas flow meter
Besides the volume measuring instruments such as rotary displacement meters, turbine meters,
vortex meters and ultrasonic meters also devices for the calculation of the quantity of gas via the
measured values of pressure and temperature or density (volume correctors) as well as gas
analysis systems belong to gas measuring technology.
Turbine Meter (For fiscal Metering)
o TRZ-03
o TRZ-03 TE
Turbine Meter (Secondary Metering)
o TERZ-94
Ultrasonic Meter
o USZ-08
Electronic corrector system
Actuators for safety shut-off valves and safety relief valves
Volume Corrector
o ERZ-2000
Gas chromtographer
Pneumatic Pilot for Pilot-operated Gas Pressure Regulators with Throttling Diaphragms RMG
402, RMG 502, RMG 503 According to DIN EN 334
Gas chromatograph for analysis of natural gas and biogas:
7
11. Application:-
Suitable to measure the gas components (see table), of which the following is calculated:
calorific value, standard density, Wobbe index and relative density
The analysis system consists of the components:
- analyzing unit with 2 or 3 column modules
- analytical computer with archives
Calculation of calorific value according to ISO 6976 and GPA 2172
Automatic recalibration
Multistream version for up to 4 gas streams
Windows based operating software RMG View GC with functions like
- viewing, changing and export of parameters
- parameter report editor
- displaying and saving chromatograms
Calculation of the methane number (option)
PTB approved for natural gas and biogas,
also for natural gas with oxygen and hydrogen fractions up to 5%.
Carrier gas Helium (also for hydrogen measurement)
optionally argon as second carrier gas
Inlet pressures Carrier gas 5.5 bar
Measuring gas 1.5 bar
Analytical computer 19”-module 3 HE (48 TE)
Touchscreen
Help texts explaining the parameters
Customer-programmable screen with 20 measured
values or parameters
Inputs for external messages (e.g. contact
manometers) and measured values (e.g. dew point)
Output signals Ethernet interface
Serial interfaces
DSfG-interface according to DVGW G 485
Modbus interface
Digital and analog outputs
8
12. WATER BATH HEATER SKIDS
Autometers Energitec Ltd has experience in design, engineering and supply complete heating
skids for Natural Gas Applications. Pre-Heaters are used In Gas Distribution Network Skids or in
Fuel gas Conditioning Skids of Power Plants. Natural Gas is heated to a higher temperature to
compensate the temperature drop arising due to pressure reduction and to meet the specific
temperature requirements by the downstream processes. Increase of temperature improves the
fuel combustion and increases flame temperature in case of furnaces.
Flow Rate: 5000 SCMH.
Size: 2” x 4” 600
Pressure Rating: 2500
Inlet Pressure: 7-250 Bar.
Outlet Pressure: 3 - 6 Bar.
9
13. PRESSURE VESSELS & HEAT EXCHANGER
Autometers Energitec Ltd manufactures a wide range of Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers
each built to fulfill code and client individual requirements.
Pressure Vessel Products includes: -
Process Columns
Knock Out Drums
High Pressure Separators
Tanks
2-3 Phase Separators
Filters
Scrubbers etc.
10
14. FLARE STACK
Autometers Energitec Ltd Flare Stacks are for Refineries, Oil & Gas, Petrochemicals industries.
Flares type: Gas Assist flares / High Pressure Staged flares etc.
Applications: Gas treatment plants / Gas well testing / LNG plants / Coal seam methane (CSM)
/ Bio fuels
Monitoring: Thermocouple
11
15. THERMAL OIL HEATERS
Autometers Energitec Ltd have tie-up with Heat 11 GmbH & Co. KG, Germany for heat transfer
solutions. In the past 15 years the team of heat 11 has carried out successfully many projects
from components via complete solutions to turn-key plants in Germany, Europe and around the
world.
Heat 11 is one single source for Planning, engineering, manufacture, assembly, commissioning
and after-sales service for thermal oil plants, thermal oil heaters and waste heat boilers.
Application for Thermal Oil Plants: -
Chemical/Petrochemical
Energy
Wood/Furniture
Plastics/Textiles
Print Paper
Food
Oil/Gas
Products: -
Fired Heaters
Electric Heaters
Heating/Cooling plants
Secondary Loops
Waste Heat Recovery
Steam Generators
Pump Skids
Container Plants; and
Plant Engineering
12