Public libraries respond to the opioid crisis in collaboration with their communities.
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Connaway, C. (2019). Public libraries respond to the opioid crisis in collaboration with their communities. Presented October 23, 2019, Melbourne, Australia.
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Public libraries respond to the opioid crisis in collaboration with their communities.
1. Health Librarians ● 23 October 2019
Public Libraries Respond to the Opioid
Crisis with Their Community
Lynn Silipigni Connaway, PhD
Director of Library Trends and User Research
connawal@oclc.org
@LynnConnaway
2. More than 130
people die in the
U.S. everyday from
an opioid overdose.
Photo by nosheep is licensed under Pixabay
(Rudd, 2016)
3. Misuse of prescription opioids costs
$78.5 billion a year.
Opioids by K-State Research and Extension is licensed under CC BY2.0
(Florence, Luo, Xu, & Zhou, 2016)
6. Project partners
OCLC
• Global library cooperative providing technology
services, research, and learning programs
Public Library Association
• Largest association dedicated to the needs of
public library professionals in the U.S. and Canada
7. Project funder
The Institute of Museum and Library Services is the primary
source of federal support for U.S. libraries and museums.
IMLS funds projects that advance the role of libraries as
community anchors, and demonstrate collaborative
approaches, have the potential for national impact, and focus
on timely issues.
8. “Obviously, our biggest challenge is that people
keep dying and we can’t work fast enough.”
- Community Partner Director
Syringes by Sam Nabi is licensed under CC BY 2.0
10. Project goals
Identify and share knowledge and
resources that will help public libraries
and community partners develop
effective strategies to address
substance misuse
11. Project goals
Raise awareness among other sectors
that libraries, in their role as community
anchors, make powerful partners
13. Project Activities
Case study research in eight libraries (Sept 2018 – June 2019)
Cross-sector discussions (Oct – Nov 2019)
Call-to-action white paper (Dec – Jan 2020)
Dissemination to the field (Oct 2019 – Mar 2020)
15. Case studies
Produce eight case studies that
explore a diverse set of communities
in which the library is an active
partner in response to the opioid
epidemic
16. Criteria considered for site selection
• Diversity of community size, region, geographic
distribution, and demographics
• Diversity of service population size
• Health data: uninsured rate, opioid prescribing rate,
drug overdose death and mortality rate
• Must have worked with community partners on
programs/services related to the opioid crisis
• Represent a range of community interventions
17. Case study sites
• Everett, WA
• Salt Lake, UT
• New Orleans, LA
• Peoria, IL
• Kalamazoo, MI
• Blount County, TN
• Twinsburg, OH
• Barrington, RI
18. Data collection
• 8 in-depth case studies drawing on partnerships
• Internal and external document review
• Up to 9 semi-structured recorded interviews
• Library Director/Deputy Director
• Library Administrator/Manager
• Library Frontline Staff
• Community Partner Director
• Community Partner Frontline Staff
• Community Member (up to three per location)
(Leedy & Ormrod, 2016)
Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/borisbaldinger/15222127749 by Boris Baldinger / CC by 2.0
19. Data analysis
• Interviews transcribed
• Code book developed from
interview transcript emerging themes
• Transcripts, code book, and coding input in NVivo
• NVivo used for data analysis
Image by rawpixel from Pixabay
21. Interview questions – library staff
How did your library decide to offer this program/these services?
How did the library go about building awareness, understanding,
support for the program inside your organization? Outside your
organization?
What is the impact of the library offering this program/these
services in response to the opioid crisis?
22. Interview questions – library board
Why do you think it's important for the library to be
involved in this work?
What do you think contributed to the success of the
work?
Did the board play a role in addressing the responses
to the media reactions? (if any)
23. Interview questions – partners
What made you decide to partner with the library on this
program/service?
Are you more or less likely to partner with the library in the
future? Why?
What makes the library a strong partner in an effort like this?
24. Interview questions – community
members
What programs/services related to opioid prevention or
treatment have you accessed or used at the library?
What other programs/services besides this one offered at the
library have you used?
What has been your overall experience interacting with the
library for these programs and services?
25. Pre-testing the protocols
• Denver Public Library,
Community Resource
Program
• Served as pre-test location
for the interview protocol
• Provided feedback on the
development of the case
study for use in the final
research outputs.
Photo courtesy: Giles Clasen
26. Types of programs and services
Naloxone training,
staff and patrons
Community reads
and author talks
Changes to
physical layouts in
bathrooms
Peer navigators
Deterra disposal
bags
Recovery Court
Awareness and
information
campaigns
Mental health and
substance abuse
related health
programming
27. Libraries’ role in their community’s
opioid crisis
• Connect people to information
and resources
• Equip people with knowledge
and skills
• Respond to community needs
Photo: courtesy Peoria Public Library
29. Opioid response activities
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Naloxone
administration
and training
Community
education
events and
campaigns
Staff training on
related topics
Social services
and recovery
support
Facilities
modifications
Assessment of
community
needs
Unused
medication
disposal
NUMBEROFLIBRARIES
30. Peoria Public Library
Overdose Rescue Kit
Includes Narcan, instructions for
use and information for more help
Photo courtesy: Peoria Public Library
31. New Orleans Public Library,
“Bystander Training”
Provides first aid training, including an
opportunity to practice administering
naloxonePhotos courtesy: New Orleans Public Library
32. Salt Lake County Library System
Use Only As Directed, public
awareness campaign
“Opioids like these can cause physical
dependency in just 7 days.”Photo courtesy: Salt County Library System
33. Salt Lake County Library System
Use Only As Directed, public
awareness campaign.
7,000 opioid prescriptions are
written everyday in Utah
Photo courtesy: Salt Lake County Library System
34. Blount County Public Library, life skills
training course
Recovery Court participants
attending training sessions at the
public library
Photo courtesy: Blount County Public Library
35. Blount County Public Library, life skills
training course
Recovery Court participants
attending training on nutrition at
the library.
Photo courtesy: Blount County Public Library
36. Kalamazoo Public Library,
Peer Navigator Program
Provides access to peer navigators to help
community members by providing support
and connecting them to public services
Photo courtesy: Kalamazoo Public Library
37. Deterra drug deactivation system.
These bags provide a safe way to
dispose of unused prescription
and over-the-counter medications.
38. Types of partners
Health Departments
• the most common partnership, and is also well-aligned with
the needs of the crisis
Recovery Court
• focused on improving the lives of individuals who were in
prison on drug offenses
Non-profit organizations
• Recovery Institute, places peer navigators into the community
• Utah Naloxone, gets overdose antidote, naloxone, in the
community
40. “We're so grateful to libraries for their willingness to do
this because it is sensitive messaging. We understand
that…culturally it has got a lot of stigma associated with it
and a lot of misinformation and that can be a delicate
thing. But their willingness to address that, and to
become ambassadors, and to help eliminate some of
that misinformation is a huge benefit to the community as
a whole.”
- Community Partner
Image by Chris Wolf / Pixabay
41. Increased
community
resources
Developed new
partnerships
Positive impact
on patrons’ lives
Increased
community
awareness and
knowledge
Reached other
libraries and
community
organizations
Addressed
stigma
Increased
positive
perception of
library
Outputs reported
Research Data Management by janneke staaks is licensed under CC BY 2.0
42. “People addicted to opiates are
less likely to talk about that than
people who have other addictions
to other substances.”
– Community Partner Director
“There's other people that are very,
very guarded. So just ask something
like, ‘What's your name?’ And they
see me write that down, I could lose
trust right there.”
– Community Partner, Frontline Staff
Image by Dayne Topkin / Unsplash
43. The power of partnership
• Amplify impact of collective efforts
• Leveraging a partner’s resources/assets to strengthen the
program/initiative—or even make it possible
• Work in an area or topic where libraries might be
unfamiliar/uncomfortable
• Develop relationships that can be activated for future
issues/projects
44. “I feel that there's been a lot of progress. And for a guy like me, who
has been to prison, who's suffered, struggled with using for a long
time, I'm hanging out with librarians, the police. I'm still alive. I still
know people that use, and I don't use, but I'm still talking to those
people…But now, there are people that have historically not liked
people like me, treating me like a human, and giving me the
opportunity to be a human, instead of just a junkie. And that is
absolutely phenomenal.”
- Community member using the library services
Image by Emilian Danaila from Pixabay
45. “It benefits me because I feel more prepared to
help someone. I think anytime you feel more
prepared and trained, you're much more likely to
help someone.”
- Community member who received naloxone
from the library
Image by truthseeker08 from Pixabay
46. “I'm a pastor in a neighborhood where there are lots of
drugs, and some of my congregation have family members
who are abusing drugs. Two years ago, we actually had
someone die outside of our gates from an overdose. We
want to be able to assist our family members, but also our
communities, and help the persons who are addicted to
substance, particularly opioids.”
– Community member who participated in response training
Photo by Nina Strehl on Unsplash
47. “It's refreshing, and to admit, I'm comfortable with
talking with people like [the peer navigators]
instead of talking with people that have not been
in this situation that I've been in. They have a
tendency to talk down to me or they really don't
understand the road that we've been on and the
road that we're on now.”
- Community member who engaged with peer navigators
Photo by Joshua Ness on Unsplash
49. Virtual discussions
Through virtual discussion, gather
additional insights and resources
from government agencies, public
health and human services
organizations, philanthropic and
community organizations, and library
leaders
October – November 2019
50. Call-to-action white paper
Synthesize the research and cross-sector
perspectives into a call-to-action white
paper that offers resources and
recommendations for how libraries might
respond to the opioid epidemic in their
local communities
January 2020
51. Photo by PublicDomain Pictures on Pixabay
“So I hope … that this study is just
another piece of proof that this is
something that we need to do.”
- Community Partner, Frontline Staff
52. Share findings
Broadly share the information with
public library directors and their staff
so that they can more confidently
make better-informed decisions about
their libraries’ strategies, policies, and
activities in relation to the opioid
epidemic in their communities
October 2019 – March 2020 (https://digitalcommons.du.edu/collaborativelibrarianship/vol11/iss1/8/)
53. “Be open. Be open to people, to being human,
because a drug addict is a person, and they
are suffering. And I guarantee there's a whole
group of people connected to them that are
suffering too. It's sometimes hard to see when
you're dealing with it in the moment, but it's
real.”
- Library Board member
Image by Rémi Walle / Unsplash
54. Wikipedia + Libraries: Health
and Medical Information
WebJunction Webinar and Online Course, OCLC
55. Wikipedia + Libraries: Better Together
Strengthening ties between
public libraries and Wikipedia
Image
Kansas City Jazz Wikipedia Edit-a-thon-2, Clint Ashlock, CC BY-SA 4.0;
56. Wikipedian + librarian = Wikibrarian!
• Use in informational literacy training
• Advise faculty, school administrators
• Guide students and researchers
• Host editathons
• Add local knowledge
• Participate in #1lib1ref events
• Join Wikimedia projects
Photo courtesy of Allison Frick.
oc.lc/oclc-wikilib
57. Why does Wikipedia matter for
health and medical information?
Photo by rawpixel on Pixabay
58. “Native plus sized woman” by Allgo for Unsplash
Wikipedia is
among the
largest and
most
frequently
used online
references
Sources: Foster, 2017; Heilman and West, 2015
59. Doctor consults with patient.” National Institute of Health. ID: 4187
Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain
50% of
doctors &
70% of early
career
doctors use
Wikipedia
for their
jobs
Sources: Hughes, 2009; Matheson, 2017
60. How can libraries support health
information seekers?
• Guide appropriate use of via Wikipedia – a great first stop
• Participate in or host health editathons, #1lib1ref
• Improve health-related Wikipedia articles
– Add citations to high-quality references
– Improve readability (curse of knowledge)
• Get to know medical Wikipedians
• Connect with NNLM consumer health initiatives
61. Intersection of Wikipedia, Libraries,
and Health Information
Armed with knowledge of its inner workings,
library staff join the Wikipedia community to
strengthen Wikipedia as a
health information resource for all.
Image: Integration by geralt on Pixabay
62. “By focusing on relationship building
instead of service excellence, organizations
can uncover new needs and be in position
to make a stronger impact.”
(Mathews 2012)
Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/baraapics/9432989091/ by baraa_kell/CC BY 2.0
63. Questions and Discussion
Lynn Silipigni Connaway
Director of Library Trends and User Research
connawal@oclc.org
@LynnConnaway
oc.lc/opioid-crisis