Python Objects and Data Structure Basics
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Objetos y estructuras de datos básicas en Python.
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Python Objects and Data Structure Basics
- 1. Python Object and Data Structure Basics
- 3. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● In this section of the course we will cover the key data types in Python. ● These are your basic building blocks when constructing larger pieces of code. ● Let’s quickly discuss all of the possible data types, then we’ll have lectures that go into more detail about each one!
- 4. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 5. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 6. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 7. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 8. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 9. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 10. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 11. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 12. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200 Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0 Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" "楽しい" Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3] Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3) Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"} Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False
- 14. Numbers
- 15. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● There are two main number types we will work with: ○ Integers which are whole numbers. ○ Floating Point numbers which are numbers with a decimal. ● Let’s explore basic math with Python! ● We will also discuss how to create variables and assign them values.
- 17. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● We just saw how to work with numbers, but what do these numbers represent? ● It would be nice to assign these data types a variable name to easily reference them later on in our code! ● For example: ○ my_dogs = 2
- 18. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Rules for variable names ○ Names can not start with a number. ○ There can be no spaces in the name, use _ instead. ○ Can't use any of these symbols :'",<>/?|()!@#$%^&*~-+
- 19. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Rules for variable names ○ It's considered best practice (PEP8) that names are lowercase. ○ Avoid using words that have special meaning in Python like "list" and "str"
- 20. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Python uses Dynamic Typing ● This means you can reassign variables to different data types. ● This makes Python very flexible in assigning data types, this is different than other languages that are “Statically-Typed”
- 21. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp my_dogs = 2 my_dogs = [ “Sammy” , “Frankie” ] This is okay in Python!
- 22. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp my_dogs = 2 my_dogs = [ “Sammy” , “Frankie” ] ERROR in other Languages!
- 23. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp int my_dog = 1; my_dog = “Sammy” ; //RESULTS IN ERROR Example of Static Typing (C++)
- 24. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Pros of Dynamic Typing: ○ Very easy to work with ○ Faster development time ● Cons of Dynamic Typing: ○ May result in bugs for unexpected data types! ○ You need to be aware of type()
- 26. Strings
- 27. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Strings are sequences of characters, using the syntax of either single quotes or double quotes: ○ 'hello' ○ "Hello" ○ " I don't do that "
- 28. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Because strings are ordered sequences it means we can using indexing and slicing to grab sub-sections of the string. ● Indexing notation uses [ ] notation after the string (or variable assigned the string). ● Indexing allows you to grab a single character from the string...
- 29. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● These actions use [ ] square brackets and a number index to indicate positions of what you wish to grab. Character : h e l l o Index : 0 1 2 3 4
- 30. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● These actions use [ ] square brackets and a number index to indicate positions of what you wish to grab. Character : h e l l o Index : 0 1 2 3 4 Reverse Index: 0 -4 -3 -2 -1
- 31. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Slicing allows you to grab a subsection of multiple characters, a “slice” of the string. ● This has the following syntax: ○ [start:stop:step] ● start is a numerical index for the slice start
- 32. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Slicing allows you to grab a subsection of multiple characters, a “slice” of the string. ● This has the following syntax: ○ [start:stop:step] ● start is a numerical index for the slice start ● stop is the index you will go up to (but not include) ● step is the size of the “jump” you take.
- 37. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Often you will want to “inject” a variable into your string for printing. For example: ○ my_name = “Jose” ○ print(“Hello ” + my_name) ● There are multiple ways to format strings for printing variables in them. ● This is known as string interpolation.
- 38. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Let’s explore two methods for this: ○ .format() method ○ f-strings (formatted string literals)
- 39. Lists
- 40. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Lists are ordered sequences that can hold a variety of object types. ● They use [] brackets and commas to separate objects in the list. ○ [1,2,3,4,5] ● Lists support indexing and slicing. Lists can be nested and also have a variety of useful methods that can be called off of them.
- 41. Dictionaries
- 42. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Dictionaries are unordered mappings for storing objects. Previously we saw how lists store objects in an ordered sequence, dictionaries use a key-value pairing instead. ● This key-value pair allows users to quickly grab objects without needing to know an index location.
- 43. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Dictionaries use curly braces and colons to signify the keys and their associated values. {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'} ● So when to choose a list and when to choose a dictionary?
- 44. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Dictionaries: Objects retrieved by key name. Unordered and can not be sorted. ● Lists: Objects retrieved by location. Ordered Sequence can be indexed or sliced.
- 45. Tuples
- 46. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Tuples are very similar to lists. However they have one key difference - immutability. Once an element is inside a tuple, it can not be reassigned. Tuples use parenthesis: (1,2,3)
- 47. Sets
- 48. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. Meaning there can only be one representative of the same object. Let’s see some examples!
- 49. Booleans
- 50. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Booleans are operators that allow you to convey True or False statements. These are very important later on when we deal with control flow and logic!
- 51. Files
- 52. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Before we finish this section, let’s quickly go over how to perform simple I/O with basic .txt files. We’ll also discuss file paths on your computer. Let’s get started!
- 54. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp Let’s have a quick overview of your first test. You can download the notebooks from GitHub or as a zip file from the Course Overview Lecture.
- 55. Objects and Data Structures Assessment Test SOLUTIONS
- 56. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Numbers: Store numerical information and come in two forms: ○ Integers - Whole Numbers ○ Floating Point - Numbers with a decimal
- 57. Complete Python 3 Bootcamp ● Strings: Ordered sequence of characters ● Lists: Ordered sequence of objects (mutable) ● Tuples: Ordered sequence of objects (immutable) ● Dictionary: Key-Value pairing that is unordered.