Quantitative Research Design

The document describes different types of quantitative research designs, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs. Experimental designs allow researchers to control variables and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Quasi-experimental designs are similar but do not use random assignment. Non-experimental designs observe phenomena as they naturally occur without manipulation of variables. Specific non-experimental designs discussed include surveys, correlational studies, ex-post facto research, comparative studies, and evaluative research.

This document provides an outline for developing a research proposal. It includes sections for background information, defining the research problem, formulating objectives, selecting a research topic, and identifying variables and measurements. Sample questions are given to help formulate a clear research problem. The purpose is to guide the researcher in developing the key components of an empirical study, including subjects, test organisms, study location, and phenomenon. Target beneficiaries are identified. References are also included. The overall goal is to design a scientifically sound research proposal or study.

This document discusses survey research design. It defines survey research as collecting information from subjects within a population using questionnaires or interviews. Surveys can study either a sample of the population or the entire population. The document outlines different types of surveys, including descriptive surveys that describe phenomena, exploratory surveys of unknown factors, correlational surveys that study relationships between variables, and comparative surveys that compare groups. It also discusses methods of survey data collection, such as written questionnaires, oral interviews, and electronic methods like email or mobile messages.

The document discusses research design and its key principles. It defines research design as a plan or blueprint for conducting a study that maximizes control over interfering factors and validity of findings. Some key points made: - Research design refers to how a study will be conducted, the type of data collected, and means used to obtain the data. - Reliability refers to consistency of data, while validity refers to accuracy and truth of measurements. - Threats to validity include history, selection, testing, instrumentation, maturation, and mortality. - Descriptive, experimental, and qualitative designs are three basic types of research design.

This document defines different types of variables that may be studied in research. It explains that independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher, while dependent variables are those affected by the independent variable. Examples are provided such as stress being an independent variable that could affect the dependent variable of mental state. Other variable types discussed include intervening variables, constant variables, and attribute variables. Tests are provided to help understand the difference between independent and dependent variables.

This document discusses various quantitative data analysis techniques for research. It covers describing and summarizing data, identifying relationships between variables, comparing variables, and forecasting outcomes. The five most important methods are identified as mean, standard deviation, regression, sample size determination, and hypothesis testing. Parametric and non-parametric techniques are also discussed. Four levels of data measurement are defined: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data. Examples are provided for coding nominal/ordinal data and visualizing data through graphs and charts. Statistical tests like the t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square are also summarized.

A simple summary for introduction to quantitative data analysis. It is made for research methodology sub-topic.

This document discusses quasi-experimental research design. Quasi-experimental design involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effects on a dependent variable, but lacks random assignment of subjects to groups or a control group, unlike a true experiment. The two main types discussed are non-randomized control group design and time series design. Non-randomized control group design assesses the effect of a treatment by giving it to an experimental group and not a control group, without random assignment, while measuring the dependent variable before and after for both groups. Time series design measures the dependent variable multiple times before, during, and after administering a treatment over a long period, such as weekly measurements of student performance before and after a new teaching technique.

The document provides an overview of quantitative research methodology. It discusses key concepts including population, sampling, samples, and qualitative scales. Specifically, it defines population as any complete group with at least one characteristic in common. It explains that sampling is used to select a subset of a population for a study. The document also outlines different types of measurement scales in quantitative research including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.

This document provides an overview of the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and make predictions by studying specific variables through structured data collection from large randomly selected groups, which is then analyzed statistically. Qualitative research seeks to understand social phenomena through descriptive data like words and images collected from smaller non-random groups via open-ended questions, interviews and observations, with the goal of gaining insights rather than making generalized predictions.

This document defines key terms related to variables in research. It discusses that a variable is anything that can take on different values, such as gender or marital status. There are several types of variables: independent variables which are manipulated by the researcher; dependent variables which depend on the independent variables; moderator variables which influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables; intervening variables which link independent and dependent variables but cannot be directly measured; control variables which are kept constant during an experiment; and extraneous variables which are uncontrolled factors that could influence dependent variables. Research involves identifying these different types of variables to understand relationships and effects.

Data collection is a one of the major important topic in research study, It should be clear and understandable to all students, especially in graduate studies

Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations to understand meanings, concepts, definitions, and descriptions. It focuses on subjective experiences and meanings that people assign rather than counting or measuring. There are several types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical qualitative research, and postmodern research. Each type uses different methods and focuses of analysis but all aim to provide an in-depth understanding of experiences, cultures, or phenomena through a subjective rather than objective lens.

Qualitative Research and its Types Ethnography Method Narrative Method Phenomenological Method Grounded Theory Method Case Study Historical Method

This document discusses two types of pre-experimental design: one-shot case design and one group pre-test post-test design. The one-shot case design involves exposing a single experimental group to a treatment and observing the results with no control group. The one group pre-test post-test design selects an experimental group, takes a pre-test measurement, administers a treatment, then takes a post-test measurement to assess the treatment's effect with no control group. While simple and convenient, pre-experimental designs have high threats to internal validity and are weak for establishing causation between variables.

Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision-making.

A research title captures the research problem concisely. It should clearly reflect the topic being investigated and be original, clear, and concise. Broad topics can be narrowed into specific research questions by examining literature in the area, discussing ideas with others, applying the topic to a specific context, and defining the aim of the study. When choosing a research topic, it is important to select something that interests and motivates the researcher, is doable given available resources and time, and is focused and well-defined.

The document discusses research design in quantitative research methods. It defines research design and outlines its significance in writing research papers. The document identifies different types of quantitative research designs, including experimental designs like true experimental, quasi-experimental, and pre-experimental designs. It also discusses non-experimental designs such as descriptive, longitudinal, and correlational research designs. Examples are provided for each research design. Key aspects of experimental designs like control groups, experimental treatments, and extraneous variables are also explained.

experimental method is the most challenging method of the Educational research. In the experimental method different functional & factorial designs can be used. One has to think over the internal & external validity of the experiment also.In this presentation all these things are discussed in details.

The document discusses research designs for quantitative studies. It describes the key aspects of research design including intervention, comparison groups, controlling extraneous variables, timing of data collection, research sites and communication with participants. Experimental designs involve manipulation and control groups, and can be between-subjects or within-subjects. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment and controls. Non-experimental designs are used when experiments are not ethical or practical and include ex post facto and descriptive research. The document provides details on various research design types.

Experimental and quasi-experimental research designs are explained together with the concepts on which quantitative research is based .

Experimental design involves establishing the relationship between independent and dependent variables through a controlled experiment. There are different types of experimental designs including pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental. Pre-experimental designs lack control groups, true experiments use random assignment to control groups, and quasi-experiments do not use random assignment. Experimental designs specify the treatments or levels of independent variables to apply and how they are combined to answer the research objectives and hypotheses. The treatment design and levels are important for drawing valid conclusions from experimental results.

This document discusses research approaches and design. It defines research design and lists its key elements as the approach, population and sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis. It describes experimental designs which manipulate variables and control extraneous factors, and non-experimental designs which observe phenomena naturally. Some major research designs discussed include descriptive design, correlational design, and survey design. Factors influencing design selection include the problem, purpose, resources, and ethics.

This document discusses research design. It begins by defining research design and outlining its purposes, which include providing a scheme to answer research questions, maintaining control to avoid bias, and organizing a study. The document then covers different categories of research design, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. It provides details on descriptive, correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs. For each design, it discusses their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The document emphasizes that research design establishes the framework and plan of action for a study.

An experimental research design helps researchers execute their research objectives with more clarity and transparency.Experimental research design is a framework of protocols and procedures created to conduct experimental research with a scientific approach using two sets of variables.The best example of experimental research methods is quantitative research. Experimental research helps a researcher gather the necessary data for making better research decisions and determining the facts of a research study.

This document discusses different types of research designs used in experimental research. It begins by defining research and outlining the key characteristics of systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable research. It then presents a continuum of research designs ranging from analytical to experimental. Several types of experimental designs are discussed in detail, including true experimental designs involving manipulation, control and randomization, as well as quasi-experimental and pre-experimental designs that lack one or more of these elements. Specific true experimental designs explained include post-test only, pretest-posttest, Solomon four-group, factorial, randomized block, and crossover designs. Quasi-experimental designs covered are nonrandomized control group and time-series designs. The

The document discusses various research designs used in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. It defines key terms like research design and research approach. It then covers the different types of quantitative research designs including experimental designs like true experimental, quasi-experimental, pre-experimental; and non-experimental designs like descriptive, correlational, developmental, epidemiological, and survey designs. The document discusses the characteristics, types, advantages, and disadvantages of each research design.

Design of experiments is the most common Research design will wide reliability. It is mostly applicable in scientific lab type of research. This method is not applicable for descriptive research. It involves both qualitative and quantitative data sets. The researchers can manipulate, control, replicate and randomize the experimental variables. There are several types of experimental design depending on the selection of control, test and standard groups and their experimental setting. The slides also show the guidelines regarding design of research proposal, Literature survey and important ethics in research. Guiding protocol to prepare a research and review article is also discussed.

This document discusses research design, which is the second important step in the research process after defining the research problem. It involves planning the methodology for collecting relevant data and determining the techniques that will be used. The key aspects of research design covered include definitions, the need for research design, features of a good design, aligning the design with the research problem/objective, important concepts, and different types of designs such as exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Experimental designs like before-after, randomized control, and factorial designs are explained in detail along with their principles of replication, randomization, and local control.

This document discusses experimental research designs. It describes pre-experimental designs like one-shot case studies which lack random assignment and controls. True experimental designs, like pretest-posttest control group designs, manipulate variables and use random assignment and controls. Quasi-experimental designs, such as non-equivalent control groups, lack random assignment. Factorial designs examine effects of manipulating two or more independent variables simultaneously. The document provides examples and discusses threats to validity for different designs.