rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal

By- Pooja Garg, Saba,
Mavera Nehal

 Rapid Rural Appraisal consists of a series of
techniques for "quick and dirty" research that
are claimed to generate results of less apparent
precision, but greater evidential value, than
classic quantitative survey techniques
 RRA (and analogs) emerged in the 1970s as a
more efficient and cost-effective way of
learning by outsiders, particularly about
agricultural systems, than was possible by
large-scale social surveys or brief rural visits by
urban professionals.

 Review of secondary sources, including aerial photos,
even brief aerial observation
 Direct observation, foot transects, familiarization,
participation in activities
 Interviews with key informants, group interviews,
workshops
 Mapping, diagramming
 Biographies, local histories, case studies
 Ranking and scoring
 Time lines
 Short simple questionnaires, towards end of process
 Rapid report writing in the field.

 A growing combination of approaches and
methods that enable rural people to share, enhance
and analyze their knowledge of life and
conditions, to plan and act and to monitor and
evaluate.
 Emerged in 1980’s in Kenya.
 PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) used by
NGOs and other agencies involved in International
Development
 A set of participatory and largely visual techniques
for assessing group and community resources
 Identifying and prioritizing problems
 Appraising strategies for solving problems.

 Different tools are used to gather and analyze
information
 In PRA, data collection and analysis are
undertaken by local people, with outsiders
facilitating rather than controlling
 Outsider facilitates local people in analyzing
information, practicing critical self awareness,
taking responsibility and sharing their
knowledge of life and conditions to plan and to
act

 To incorporate the knowledge and opinions of
rural people in the planning and management
of development projects and programs
 To acquaint the participant with the basic
concept and methods of the participatory rural
appraisal techniques

 Empowerment
 Respect
 Localization
 Enjoyment
 Inclusiveness

 Using optimal ignorance
 Offsetting biases
 Be gender sensitive at all times.
 Reversal of roles
 Seeking for diversity and differences
 Learning rapidly and progressively (flexible
and interactive)
 Attitude

 Interactive
 Innovative
 Informal
 In the community

 Transact walk
 Resource map

 Venn diagram or Chapatti diagram

 Daily activity clock
 FGD’s (focused group discussions)
 Workshops

PRA RRA
 In PRA, information is
owned and shared by
local people. Outsiders
(professionals) go to rural
areas but they facilitate
rural people in collections,
presentation and analysis
of information by
themselves.
 The information is owned
by rural people but
usually shared with
outsiders.
 In RRA, information is
elicited and extracted by
outsiders. In other words,
people go the rural areas,
obtain information and
then bring it away to the
process and analyze.
 The information is owned
by outsiders and often not
shared with rural people.

PRA RRA
 Capacity building for
improved decision
making at community
level, situational analysis,
planning and monitoring
by community
 Team composed of
villagers, sometimes
facilitated by CRS staff
person that works with
larger community
 Inform project design,
gather baseline
information, monitor
and evaluate
 Multi- disciplinary team
of CRS staff and
specialists

PRA RRA
 Communities where
project activities will take
place
 Ongoing throughout the
life of project. Usually
begins with training initial
situational analysis (appx
10 days) leading to
Community Action Plan
 Limited number of
representative sites
 Discrete studies, usually
lasting 5-7 days

rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal

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rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal