The document discusses repeat breeder syndrome in cows, which is defined as cows that have been bred 3 or more times but not conceived. It outlines various causes of fertilization failure and early embryonic death that can contribute to repeat breeding, including issues with ovulation, sperm and egg quality, uterine infections, nutrition deficiencies, and environmental stresses. Potential treatments discussed include hormones, antibiotics, addressing energy deficiencies, and improving management practices.
1 of 28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
More Related Content
Repeat breeding by Dr Adnan ahmad
1. REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME
Presented to Prof: Dr Hafiz Abdul Samad
Dr Waheed
Prepared By Hafiz Adnan Ahmad
Presented By 18, 25, 103, 59, 87
3. DEFINITION
A repeat breeder cow is defined as one
• That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived
• Has normal estrous cycle
• Is free from palpable abnormality
• Has no abnormal vaginal discharge
• Has calved atleast once and
• Is less than 10 years old
6. • Anovulatory heat
• Delayed ovulation
• Early embryonic death
• Failure of nidation of fertilized ovum
• Deficiency of energy
• Deficiency of progesterone
• Excess of oestrogen
• First degree endometritis
• Aged sperm and ovum
• Poor hygiene at the time of calving and A.I.
• Poor management and handling of frozen semen
• High ambient temperature and humidity
• Urovagina
• Pneumovagina
• Malnutrition
Causes
7. FERTILIZATION FAILURE
ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 15 PERCENT
OF REPRODUCTIVE
WASTAGE IN NORMAL COWS.
IN REPEAT BREEDER COWS THE
FERTILIZATION FAILURE MAY BE
HIGHER AROUND 28-44 PER CENT.
FERTILIZATION FAILURE
8. Fertilization failures may be due to
Abnormalities in ovulation
Anovulation
Delayed ovulation
• Defective ovum
• Ageing of ovum- aged ova are viable only for few hours
• Inability of sperm to fertilize ovum
• Fertility of bull
• High sperm abnormality
• Low sperm motility
• Inflammation of genital tract
• Very early AI
9. • Inability of the gametes to reach one another due to
congenital and acquired defects of the genital tract
• Congenital defects - segmental aplasia
13. 01. Delayed Ovulation & Anovulatory heat
Examine the ovaries on the day of oestrus and record
the location of follicle.
Examine the animal again first day and second day,
considering the day of oestrus as zero to know whether
the ovulation has occurred or not.
If ovulation occurs, there will be a ovulatory
depression on the ovary in place of mature Graafian
follicle.
14. If the animal ovulates second day or later on, it is
a case of delayed ovulation.
In case of delayed ovulation, a cow can be
inseminated two or three times at 12 hours
interval.
Examine the ovaries on 9th or 10th day of
oestrus for presence of corpus luteum. If corpus
luteum is not present on the ovary, it is a case of
anovulatory heat.
15. Treatment of Delayed ovulation and
Anovulatory heat
GnRH analogues or hCG at the time of insemination to
promote ovulation.
Dose: Receptal 2.5 ml. I/M.
• Skip AI, adm.PGF2 after 9-10 days and do fixed
time AI at 72 and 96 hrs
• CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed
time AI twice at 48 and 72 hours
16. 21 Day estrous
Cycle
21 Day Estrous
cycle
Approx. 12 days
Functional CL
Approx.
4-5 Days
Dev. CL
Approx.
4-5 Days
Reg. CL
Use of Prostaglandins
17. 2. EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH
• Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage.
• Major portion of embryonic death occurs between
days 8 and 16 after breeding
• Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage
of pregnancy recognition and the cow will return to
estrus at the normal 18-25 days interval
18. Causes of embryonic death :
1. External factors :
Stress like pain & long transportation etc.
2. Malnutrition
Season and climate like summer
20. 4. Unfavorable uterine environment
Uterine environment can be affected by
– Nutrition
– Age of dam
Ambient temperature
Hormonal imbalance
Infections
• Rectal examination
• Vaginal speculum
21. Treatment
• Genetic Factor : - Change the Bull
• Environmental Factor : - Proper Management
is required
• Subclinical Infection : - Pre and Post AI
Antibiotic treatment is done.
• Pre (5-6 hours)
• After (3-4 hours)
And on day 4 and day 10 Also.
22. Treatment
• Luteal deficiency: Progesterone deficiency is
treated with the administration 3-5 days after
AI.
• Administration of hCG after 5 days will
produce an accessory CL which will help in the
increase in plasma Progesterone level.
• Administration of GnRH analogue may also be
helpful as it decrease Ostradiole and PGF2
alpha release.
23. 3. Deficiency of oxytocin:
• The lack of tonicity of uterus in an oestrous
animal may be due to deficiency of oxytocin.
These animals may pass large quantity of
urine when examined per rectally.
• 30-50 IU oxytocin should be injected
intramuscularly after insemination.
24. 4. Deficiency of Energy
• Energy of the body is observed as it effect
fertility in two ways
• GnRH and LH activity
• Metabolic regulator of overies
Rx
If suspected 20% dextrose should be given 2
hours before AI intravenously.
25. Precautionary Measures
• Avoid Stress
• Cold water on back of animal
• Clitoris massage
• Proper Thawing and Semen quality
• Proper Insemination technique
• Proper Nutrition is necessary
• Feed should contain at least 2% minral mixture.
• Feeding of high level of CP is avoided.
26. Conclusions
• Control of uterine infections
• Correct negative energy balance
• Correct timing of Artificial insemination
• Assure quality of semen