Reproduction
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Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, which requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent; and sexual reproduction, which requires two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. Asexual reproduction occurs through binary fission, budding, or fragmentation, while sexual reproduction can occur through external fertilization, internal fertilization, or pollination.
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Reproduction
- 1. REPRODUCTION
- 2. Reproduction • Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". • Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction
- 3. Types of Reproduction Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
- 4. Asexual Reproduction: • Organisms that reproduce asexually cannot develop much variety, because they are “copying” the original organism exactly. • requires only 1 parent and the offspring are an exact copy of the parent---a clone
- 5. Methods of asexual reproduction: Binary fission Budding Fragmentation
- 6. BINARY FISSION Single-celled organisms (Amoeba, paramecium, euglena) which use asexual reproduction can do so simply by dividing into two equal halves. .
- 8. Budding- an offspring grows out of the body of the parent.
- 10. BUDDING In yeasts the cell does not divide equally in two halves; instead, there is a large mother cell and a smaller daughter cell.
- 11. Yeast - budding
- 12. FRAGMENTATION In this form, the body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces, each of which can produce an offspring.
- 13. Pieces of coral broken off in storms can grow into new colonies. A new starfish can grow from one detached arm.
- 14. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Requiring 2 parents –male and female (egg & sperm) • The egg and sperm join (zygote) to form an entirely new organism • Offspring are different from the parent organism
- 15. Methods of sexual reproduction: Pollination External Fertilization Internal Fertilization
- 16. Pollen is produced in the male organs of the flowers - anthers. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers to the female organs by wind or by animals. If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the egg, where fertilization takes place by the sperm nucleus. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- 18. External Fertilization • External fertilization usually requires a medium such as water, which the sperms can use to swim towards the egg cell. External fertilization usually occur in fish and amphibians. • The females lay the eggs in the water and the male squirts the sperm in the same area.
- 20. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION •Fertilization occurs within the female. •Internal fertilization occurs in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles.