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Reproductive system

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MartinGeraldine

The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the internal and external organs of both systems, including their roles in producing gametes, secreting hormones, supporting pregnancy, and facilitating sexual intercourse and childbirth. It also provides an overview of the menstrual cycle and explains that the purpose of the reproductive systems is to produce offspring through the combination of male and female gametes.

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Reproductive system
The miracle of conception is one of the complex processes that the female reproductive system can do with help of the nervous system and hormones of the endocrine system.
The female reproductive system produces gametes (egg cells), secretes hormones, and encloses and supports the developing offspring. It consists of two parts: the external parts composed of clitoris, two sets of labia (labia minora and labia majora), and the vaginal opening and the internal parts: (ovaries, uterus, oviduct or fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina).
External Parts • 1. Clitoris – This a small organ which is responsible for sexual stimulation located at the vaginal opening. • 2. Labia minora – This a pair of innermost thin skin folds that is part of the genitals. • 3. Labia majora – This is a pair of the outermost fat-padded skin folds which is also part of the genitals. • 4. Vaginal opening – this is the organ for sexual intercourse and also acts as the birth canal.
Internal Parts • 1. Ovaries – are the female gonads which are located at the right and left depression of the upper pelvis. They produce the ovum or the eggs. • 2. Oviduct or fallopian tube – This is a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections at the opening that draws catches the oocyte released by the ovary. • 3. Uterus (Womb) – Is a muscular organ in which the embryo attaches in the lining called the endometrium.
Internal Parts • 4. Cervix - This is a narrowed region or the neck of the uterus that leads to the vaginal canal. It opens or dilates when the female delivers a baby. • 5. Vagina – It is the female copulatory organ which transfers the sperm. This is also where the menstrual blood and tissues are expelled from the body.
The walls of the vagina give lubrication to the penis during copulation. It also expands during intercourse and childbirth. The hymen is a membrane that surrounds and partially covers the opening of the vagina. The Menstrual Cycle • Day 1 - The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your cycle. • Day 5 - The hormone estrogen signals the endometrium to grow and thicken.
• Day 14 - An egg is released from the ovary and moves into one of the fallopian tubes. • Day 28 - If the egg is not fertilized hormone levels decrease, and the endometrium is shed during menstruation. The hormonal changes and their effects are called menstrual cycle. The typical menstrual cycle is about 28 days but it can be also varied. The menstrual cycle is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the female reproduction system, specifically, the ovaries and the uterus that makes the pregnancy possible. The first period, also known as the menarche of the woman, begins between the ages of 12 – 15 years old.
The purpose of reproductions in humans is to produce their own kind with the use of the reproductive organs of the mother and the father. The male reproductive system secretes male sex hormones, produces male gamete (sperm cell), and transfers it to the female reproductive system in order to form an embryo which will later on develop into a baby.
The male reproductive system is also divided into two parts: the external (scrotum and penis) and the internal parts (prostate gland, urethra, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, or Cowper’s gland vas deferens, epididymis, and the testis).
External Parts • 1. Penis – This is the male organ for intercourse and the same time the organ for urination. It has a rounded head known as glans, at the tip of the narrower shaft. • 2. Scrotum – It envelops the testes. It is a sac of skin that is found slightly between the legs to give the testes a slightly lower temperature in order for the sperm cells to live.
Internal Parts • 1. Gonads or testes – The gonads produce gametes or sex cells and secrete testosterone (male sex hormones). • 2. Epididymis – It is a pair of coiled ducts where the newly formed sperms are conveyed from the testes. This is where the perms mature and are stored. • 3. Vas deferens – It is the pair of ducts that carries the mature sperm from the epididymis to the penis. These are the longest ducts of the male reproductive glands. • 4. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland) – This is a pair of exocrine glands that secretes mucous.
Internal Parts • 5 . Seminal vesicles – This is a pair of exocrine glands that contributes fructose-rich fluid to semen. • 6. Ejaculatory ducts – This is a pair of ducts that carries sperm to the penis. • 7. Prostate glands – This is an exocrine gland that contributes alkaline fluid to the semen. • 8. Urethra – It is a duct with dual functions: It excretes urine at some time and acts as channel for ejaculation of sperm cells during sexual arousal.
During arousal, blood fills the spongy, erectile tissues in the penis causing it to become hard, erect, and enlarged. When the male reaches the peak of its arousal or climax, the semen is expelled in the urethral opening. This process is called ejaculation. The sperm is the gamete of males that contain their genetic information. The structure of a sperm is somewhat close to the structure of a tadpole. It has three main parts, namely: 1. The head, in which the genetic material is stored that will eventually unite with the egg cell. The head of the sperm contains the nucleus. The nucleus holds the DNA of the cell. 2. The neck or middle piece, which contains the mitochondria that provides the sperm energy in its way to the egg cell. 3. The tail, which is responsible for the motility of the sperm enabling it to swim in the fluid.
Reproductive system
Reproductive system

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Reproductive system

  • 2. The miracle of conception is one of the complex processes that the female reproductive system can do with help of the nervous system and hormones of the endocrine system.
  • 3. The female reproductive system produces gametes (egg cells), secretes hormones, and encloses and supports the developing offspring. It consists of two parts: the external parts composed of clitoris, two sets of labia (labia minora and labia majora), and the vaginal opening and the internal parts: (ovaries, uterus, oviduct or fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina).
  • 4. External Parts • 1. Clitoris – This a small organ which is responsible for sexual stimulation located at the vaginal opening. • 2. Labia minora – This a pair of innermost thin skin folds that is part of the genitals. • 3. Labia majora – This is a pair of the outermost fat-padded skin folds which is also part of the genitals. • 4. Vaginal opening – this is the organ for sexual intercourse and also acts as the birth canal.
  • 5. Internal Parts • 1. Ovaries – are the female gonads which are located at the right and left depression of the upper pelvis. They produce the ovum or the eggs. • 2. Oviduct or fallopian tube – This is a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections at the opening that draws catches the oocyte released by the ovary. • 3. Uterus (Womb) – Is a muscular organ in which the embryo attaches in the lining called the endometrium.
  • 6. Internal Parts • 4. Cervix - This is a narrowed region or the neck of the uterus that leads to the vaginal canal. It opens or dilates when the female delivers a baby. • 5. Vagina – It is the female copulatory organ which transfers the sperm. This is also where the menstrual blood and tissues are expelled from the body.
  • 7. The walls of the vagina give lubrication to the penis during copulation. It also expands during intercourse and childbirth. The hymen is a membrane that surrounds and partially covers the opening of the vagina. The Menstrual Cycle • Day 1 - The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your cycle. • Day 5 - The hormone estrogen signals the endometrium to grow and thicken.
  • 8. • Day 14 - An egg is released from the ovary and moves into one of the fallopian tubes. • Day 28 - If the egg is not fertilized hormone levels decrease, and the endometrium is shed during menstruation. The hormonal changes and their effects are called menstrual cycle. The typical menstrual cycle is about 28 days but it can be also varied. The menstrual cycle is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the female reproduction system, specifically, the ovaries and the uterus that makes the pregnancy possible. The first period, also known as the menarche of the woman, begins between the ages of 12 – 15 years old.
  • 9. The purpose of reproductions in humans is to produce their own kind with the use of the reproductive organs of the mother and the father. The male reproductive system secretes male sex hormones, produces male gamete (sperm cell), and transfers it to the female reproductive system in order to form an embryo which will later on develop into a baby.
  • 10. The male reproductive system is also divided into two parts: the external (scrotum and penis) and the internal parts (prostate gland, urethra, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, or Cowper’s gland vas deferens, epididymis, and the testis).
  • 11. External Parts • 1. Penis – This is the male organ for intercourse and the same time the organ for urination. It has a rounded head known as glans, at the tip of the narrower shaft. • 2. Scrotum – It envelops the testes. It is a sac of skin that is found slightly between the legs to give the testes a slightly lower temperature in order for the sperm cells to live.
  • 12. Internal Parts • 1. Gonads or testes – The gonads produce gametes or sex cells and secrete testosterone (male sex hormones). • 2. Epididymis – It is a pair of coiled ducts where the newly formed sperms are conveyed from the testes. This is where the perms mature and are stored. • 3. Vas deferens – It is the pair of ducts that carries the mature sperm from the epididymis to the penis. These are the longest ducts of the male reproductive glands. • 4. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland) – This is a pair of exocrine glands that secretes mucous.
  • 13. Internal Parts • 5 . Seminal vesicles – This is a pair of exocrine glands that contributes fructose-rich fluid to semen. • 6. Ejaculatory ducts – This is a pair of ducts that carries sperm to the penis. • 7. Prostate glands – This is an exocrine gland that contributes alkaline fluid to the semen. • 8. Urethra – It is a duct with dual functions: It excretes urine at some time and acts as channel for ejaculation of sperm cells during sexual arousal.
  • 14. During arousal, blood fills the spongy, erectile tissues in the penis causing it to become hard, erect, and enlarged. When the male reaches the peak of its arousal or climax, the semen is expelled in the urethral opening. This process is called ejaculation. The sperm is the gamete of males that contain their genetic information. The structure of a sperm is somewhat close to the structure of a tadpole. It has three main parts, namely: 1. The head, in which the genetic material is stored that will eventually unite with the egg cell. The head of the sperm contains the nucleus. The nucleus holds the DNA of the cell. 2. The neck or middle piece, which contains the mitochondria that provides the sperm energy in its way to the egg cell. 3. The tail, which is responsible for the motility of the sperm enabling it to swim in the fluid.

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