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Research

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Suresh Thengumpallil
Suresh Thengumpallil

This document discusses research, including its meaning, objectives, characteristics, significance, and approaches. It defines research as a systematic, organized process of asking questions and gathering evidence to answer them. The objectives of research are to gain new insights and knowledge, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, and test hypotheses. Characteristics include reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, and generalizability. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, aids in economic and business decision-making, and helps solve social problems. Different approaches to research include quantitative, inferential, experimental, simulation, and qualitative methods. Research methods refer to specific techniques for gathering data while research methodology explains the overall process.

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Research
CONTENTS 1. Meaning and Definition of Research 2. Objectives of Research 3. Characteristics of Research 4. Significance of Research 5. Business Research 6. Research Approaches 7. Research Methods Vs Research Methodology
 Research means search for knowledge.  It aims at finding out truth.  Art of Scientific investigation  Way of thinking, Critically examining aspects of daily life.  Fact finding process. A movement from the known to unknown.  Research is an Organised and Systematic way of Finding the Answers to Questions.
According to Clifford Woody (Kothari 1988) research comprises of , “Defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.”
In the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, D. Slesinger and M. Stephension (1930) defined research as "the manipulation of things, concept or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in practice of an art". According to Redman and Mory (1923), defined research is a "systematized effort to gain new knowledge“.
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group 3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else 4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables
Characteristics of Research 1. Reliabity 2. Validity 3. Accuracy 4. Credibility 5. Generalizability 6. Empirical 7. Systematic approach 8. Controlled
Significance of research (Importance or Use) famous Hudson Maxim, “All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention”  Research encourages scientific and inductive thinking, besides promoting the development of logical habits of thinking and organisation.
The role of research in applied economics in the context of an economics or business is greatly increasing in modern times Research assumes a significant role in the formulation of economic policy for both, the government and business Research is also necessary for collecting information on the social and economic structure of an economy to understand the process of change occurring in the country Research also assumes significance in solving various operational and planning problems associated with business and industry.  Research helps in solving social problems.
Business Research Business research is defined as ‘The systematic and objective process of collecting, recording, analyzing and interpreting data for aid in solving managerial problems’ Business aspect- Research issues Consumer behavior Buying habits, brand preference, consumer attitudes Human resources Employee attitudes, staff retention, material incentives Promotion Media research, public relations studies, product recall through advertising Product Test markets, concept studies, performance studies Finance Forecasting, budgeting, efficiency of accounting software
Research Approach. Research approach Quantitative Approach Inferential Approach Experimental Approach Simulation Approach Qualitative Approach
Research Methods Vs Research methodology Research Methods Research Methodology Research methods are the methods by which you conduct research into a subject or a topic. Research methodology explains the methods by which ,you may proceed with your research Research methods involve the conduct of experiments, tests, surveys and the like Research methodology involves the learning of the various techniques that can be used in the conduct of research and in the conduct of tests, experiments, surveys and critical studies. Research methods aim at finding solutions to research problems. Research methodology aims at the employment of the correct procedures to find out solutions.
Research

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Research

  • 2. CONTENTS 1. Meaning and Definition of Research 2. Objectives of Research 3. Characteristics of Research 4. Significance of Research 5. Business Research 6. Research Approaches 7. Research Methods Vs Research Methodology
  • 3.  Research means search for knowledge.  It aims at finding out truth.  Art of Scientific investigation  Way of thinking, Critically examining aspects of daily life.  Fact finding process. A movement from the known to unknown.  Research is an Organised and Systematic way of Finding the Answers to Questions.
  • 4. According to Clifford Woody (Kothari 1988) research comprises of , “Defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.”
  • 5. In the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, D. Slesinger and M. Stephension (1930) defined research as "the manipulation of things, concept or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in practice of an art". According to Redman and Mory (1923), defined research is a "systematized effort to gain new knowledge“.
  • 6. 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group 3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else 4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables
  • 7. Characteristics of Research 1. Reliabity 2. Validity 3. Accuracy 4. Credibility 5. Generalizability 6. Empirical 7. Systematic approach 8. Controlled
  • 8. Significance of research (Importance or Use) famous Hudson Maxim, “All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention”  Research encourages scientific and inductive thinking, besides promoting the development of logical habits of thinking and organisation.
  • 9. The role of research in applied economics in the context of an economics or business is greatly increasing in modern times Research assumes a significant role in the formulation of economic policy for both, the government and business Research is also necessary for collecting information on the social and economic structure of an economy to understand the process of change occurring in the country Research also assumes significance in solving various operational and planning problems associated with business and industry.  Research helps in solving social problems.
  • 10. Business Research Business research is defined as ‘The systematic and objective process of collecting, recording, analyzing and interpreting data for aid in solving managerial problems’ Business aspect- Research issues Consumer behavior Buying habits, brand preference, consumer attitudes Human resources Employee attitudes, staff retention, material incentives Promotion Media research, public relations studies, product recall through advertising Product Test markets, concept studies, performance studies Finance Forecasting, budgeting, efficiency of accounting software
  • 12. Research Methods Vs Research methodology Research Methods Research Methodology Research methods are the methods by which you conduct research into a subject or a topic. Research methodology explains the methods by which ,you may proceed with your research Research methods involve the conduct of experiments, tests, surveys and the like Research methodology involves the learning of the various techniques that can be used in the conduct of research and in the conduct of tests, experiments, surveys and critical studies. Research methods aim at finding solutions to research problems. Research methodology aims at the employment of the correct procedures to find out solutions.