Research Approaches
This document discusses and compares qualitative research, quantitative research, and mixed methods research. It states that qualitative research explores meanings, uses an emerging design, collects data in natural settings, inductively analyzes data to identify themes, and involves researcher interpretation. Quantitative research generates numerical and statistical data to quantify problems, generalize results from large samples, and uncover patterns. Mixed methods research combines both approaches and uses distinct designs to provide a more complete understanding than either alone. The document then contrasts key aspects of qualitative and quantitative research such as sample sizes, reasoning approaches, development of theory, and use of control. It provides examples of types of qualitative research like phenomenology and quantitative research like experiments. Finally, it discusses when each approach is best used
Research Approaches
- 1. by Dr. Sundeep Kumar Shrivas Assistant Professor (B.Ed.) Prof. H. N. Misra College of Education, Kanpur
- 2. Research approaches (a) Qualitative Research, (b) Quantitative Research, and (c) Mixed methods Research
- 3. 1. Qualitative research…. Qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. The process of research involves emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher making interpretations of the meaning of the data.
- 4. 2. Qualitative research…. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research.
- 5. 3. Mixed methods research Mixed methods research is an approach to inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs that may involve philosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks. The core assumption of this form of inquiry is that the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a more complete understanding of a research problem than either approach alone.
- 6. Quantitative research V/s Qualitative research Quantitative research is a deductive ,objective process of inquiry where the variables in study are measured in numbers and analyzed using statistical procedures in order to describe or make generalizations and reported in formal, impersonal language Qualitative research is an inductive, subjective process of inquiry done in natural setting in order to build a complex, holistic picture , described in words, including the detailed views of the informants are reported in informal, personal language.
- 7. QUALITATIVE Multiple realities Small sample Reality is socially constructed Reality is context interrelated Holistic Uses multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic Strong philosophical Perspective Reasoning is inductive Discovery of meaning is the basis of knowledge QUANTITATIVE Single reality Large sample Reality is objective Reality is context free Reductionist Observes and measures information numerically Strong theoretical base Reasoning is deductive and inductive Cause-and-effect relationships are the bases of knowledge
- 8. QUALITATIVE Develops theory/ New Knowledge Takes place in the natural setting than Develops theory/ New Knowledge Theory developed during study Meaning of concepts Process oriented Control unimportant Basic element of analysis is words Relates variables Less Generalization Statistical Based QUANTITATIVE Tests theory Tests or verifies theories or explanations Theory developed in end Measurement of variables Outcome oriented Control important Basic element of analysis is numbers Researcher views social More Generalization Description Based
- 9. When to Use Qualitative Quantitative? Methods
- 10. Qualitative Research Type/Method 1. Phenomenological Research 2. Grounded Theory 3. Ethnography 4. Case Study 5. Heuristic method 6. Content Analysis
- 11. Quantitative Research Type/Method 1. Corelational Research 2. Experimental Research 3. Survay Research 4. Causal-Comparative Research
- 12. Thank You