The document discusses respiration from multiple perspectives. Cellular respiration refers to the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria to produce ATP, while respiratory systems exchange gases between the body and environment. Respiratory systems move oxygen into tissues for cellular respiration and remove the carbon dioxide waste. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx, and warms and filters incoming air. The lower respiratory tract within the thorax includes the trachea and bronchial tree leading to the lungs, which extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide through millions of alveoli. Common respiratory diseases that can impair function include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia and lung cancer.
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Respiratorysystem
2. “Respiration” is used several
different ways:
Cellular respiration is the aerobic
breakdown of glucose in the
mitochondria to make ATP.
Respiratory systems are the organs in
animals that exchange gases with the
environment.
“Respiration” is an everyday term that
is often used to mean “breathing.”
3. Respiratory systems allow
animals to move oxygen (needed
for cellular respiration) into body
tissues and remove carbon
dioxide (waste product of cellular
respiration) from cells.
11. Nose - warms and
moistens air
Have nasal conchae
with small spaces
dilates in winter,
Sinuses - 4 air
containing spaces – open
or drain into nose - (lowers
weight of skull).
12. Pharynx (throat)
Base of skull to esophagus
3 divisions
Nasopharynx - behind
nose to soft palate
Oropharynx - behind
mouth, soft palate to hyoid
bone.
Laryngopharynx
hyoid bone to esophagus.
13. Larynx
(Voice box )
help in
phonation
Have no work
in respiratory
system.
14. Trachea (windpipe)
Larynx to bronchi
Consists of smooth cartilage and C
shaped rings of cartilage.
Tracheostomy - cutting of an opening
in trachea to allow breathing.
16. The diaphragm pulled the oxygen down to
the bronchi and into the lungs. Then, it
goes into a million moist air sacks which
expand and contract like a sponge with
water.
18. Bronchi:
Tubes that branch
off trachea and
enter into lungs
Ciliated
Bronchioles:
branch into
microscopic
alveolar ducts.
Terminate into
alveolar sacs
19. The alveoli are moist, thin-
walled pockets which are the site
of gas exchange.
A slightly oily surfactant
prevents the alveolar walls from
collapsing and sticking together.
Gas exchanging done here by
diffusion.
24. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled growth
of tumors in the lung tissue