Rose

INTRODUCTION
 Protected cultivation is cultivating plants inside a structure
which protects plants from wind precipitation,execessive
radiations, temperature extremes, insects and diseases.
WHAT IS PROTECTED CULTIVATION?????
2

Better Quality
of Produce
Higher
Productivity
Nursery
Raising and
Hardening of
Plants
Better insect
& disease
control &
reduced use
of pesticides
Off-season
Cultivation
Efficient use
of
Resources
3

Why should one person prefer” Rose” for cultivation…..
Cut flowers
Garden display
Pot plants
Perfume and allied products
 Rose Water
Rose oil
Gulkand (Equal proportion of petal and white sugar)
Pankhuri(Dried rose petals ,used for preparing sweetened cold drinks
Gul-roghan( rose hair oil prepared from rose petal by enfleurge with wet
sesamum sees)
Sources of vitamins(Rose hips are good sources of Ascorbic acid(vit-C)
Other uses such as pot-pourri
5

SOIL
 A well drained soil of sand to gravelly
loam is required.
 pH of 6.5 to 7.0 is ideal
6

CLIMATE
 ideal temperature for greenhouse rose cultivation is
15-270c.
 lower temperature around 15-16˚C improves flower
quality .
 Ideal humidity range for the rose is around 60-65
%..
 How ever roses love sunshine and free ventilation.
7

LONG STEM
ROSES
• Stem length:
50-120cm
• Yield:
100-150
stems/mtr.sqr/yr
• Varieties: Vivaldi,
first red, grand
gala, confetti
MEDIUM STEM
ROSES
• Stem length:
50-70cm
• Yield:
220stems/m2/year
• Varieties:
Jaguar, golden
times, maronesse,
lambada, gabrella
Small flowered
roses
• Stem length:
30-70cm
• Yield:
250-350
stems/m2/year
• Varieties:
Motrea,coronette,
calypso,carona
VARIETIES
8

PROPAGATION
 Roses commercially propagated by
budding(T-budding and patch budding)
Chip budding
Budded root stock
Grafting
Layering
9

BED PREPARATION
 Raised bed always preferred
 Bed size - length as per space availability x breath 1m x 45 c.m. height.
 During bed preparation soil should be sterilized with formaldehyde @o.3 %
and mixed with FYM.
10

PLANTING
CUTTING BACK THE
PLANTS
 Before planting,the plant
must be cut such that the
length of the roots straight
down.
 The branches have to be cut
back to a length of 10 cm.
 The plants must be soaked
before planting.
PLANTING DISTANCE
 The plants are planted 16
cm from each other in 2
lines, which are placed 50
cm apart. 11

 In temperate zones green house cultivation of
roses require heating system to maintain the ideal
temperature(15.6˚C) inside.
A central heating system is more efficient than
localized unit heaters in large green houses.
Pipe coil heat distribution systems are used with
high pressure hot water boiler.
In warmer region summer cooling system is essential.
In temperate climate cooling is often required during
winter when days are bright.
An evaporative cooling system known as fan pad
cooling is used .
It consists of pads on one wall,through which water is
circulated and exhaust fans on the opposite wall. Air
enters through the pads is 10-25 ˚C cooler than that of
out side if the humidity is low

It is one of the most important factor
influencing growth and flowering.
This may vary with intencity,duration,and
quality.
Under high light intensity in summer growers
cover the roof by shading material lowering light
intensity from 10000-12000 to 6000-8000.
To much shade also reduce the growth.
Less light resulted in delayed maturity of
buds.
In mild winter, 1% more light increased flower
yield by 0.6% in autumn and 0.8 % in spring.
A reduction of 12% light intensity resulted in
14% less flower yield in cultivar Sonia and
Illona.
There are many lamps that can be used for light supplement in green house.
Basically fall into 3 groups incandescent, fluorescent, and high intensity
discharge(high pressure mercury, metal halide, low pressure sodium and high
pressure sodium).

CO2 content of air is a limiting factor in photosynthesis.
Rose cultivar Better Times grown in a atmosphere containing 1200-2000 ppm
CO2 produced larger and grew more flowers than control plants.
CO2 enriched plants of rose cv. Sonia yield 25% more marketable blooms
over the period from DEC-MAR. than non-enriched plants.
Scientist Zeroni & Gale found that tolerance increased at high CO2.
Influence of humidity on production of rose in green house controlled at 70 ±5
RH by high pressure fogging system
In summer months there was significant increase in production both in number
and size.
An exchange of air is desirable for normal growth and development of roses.
It ensures an adequate supply of CO2 & oxygen for physiological processes
occurring in the plants and also reduces RH which may cause serious
diseases.

NDING OF ROSE
15
Bending helps in maintaining enough leaf area on the plants. The maximum
leaf area is required to build up a strong root system. Leaves are important for
producing carbohydrates

DISBUDDING
Disbudding is the practice of removing undesirable buds. It is
achieved by placing the bud between thumb and index.
16

PINCHING AND REMOVAL OF WILD ROOT STOCK
OF ROSE
17
Removal of part of terminal growing portion of stem is called pinching.
This operation reduce plant height but promotes auxiliary branching.
Maturity of flower bud was also prevented by this practice.
Chemical pinching also done by using
BA,Promilin(BA+GA3),ethephon,alar etc in some cultivars like sonia,
marcedes.

If the spent blooms are not removed in time, there is a chance of developing
fruits bearing seeds.
Once hips are formed and reach the advance stage of development, growth
and flowering are severely reduced during the season.
Cutting of faded flowers forced strong laterals which produce good quality
flowers.

SUPPORT SYSTEMIN ROSE PLANTATION
 Support system makes intercultural operation
easy & protects the buds from being damaged,
by not allowing the stems bend into the path.
19

PRUNNING
 Pruning is the judicious removal of plant parts to
induce production of quality flowers and to
maintain vigour of plant.
 Generally pruning is done only once in a year
after monsoons.
 All cuts are made at an angle of 450 about 5cm
above a strong eye.
 Method of pruning adopted varies with type of
rose.
 Pruning should be angled so that there should not
stagnation of moisture at the cut end.
 After every pruning cut ends must be treated with
Bordeaux paste solution.
20

During the growing season the plant cells of a rose contain water. If a sudden
drop in temperature occurs, this water can freeze. The subsequent expansion
ruptures the cells, damaging or even killing them. On the other hand, if the rose
is allowed to go slowly into dormancy, the cell walls thicken and the water is
converted to a form that resists freezing.
Step to take in preparing roses for winter
Don't fertilize after the end of August.
Gradually reduce watering.
Clean up dead leaves and debris from around the base of the roses.
Apply a Dormant Oil spray to the canes and the soil surface( if your roses
had serious insect problems during the summer)
Avoid dehydration.
Don't do any serious pruning.

WATERMANAGEMENT INSIDEgreenhouse
 Two systems mainly followed 1.nozzles(mist) 2.Drip irrigation.
 Sprinkler irrigation is not often used as it causes foliar diseases.
23

 Greenhouse cultivation requires precise amount
of fertilizer.
 Organic mixtures @15 k.g./m2 added to soil at
time of bed preparation.
 Before planting a basal application of fertilizer
@2 kg SSP,1kg CAN,1/2 kg MOP incorporated
to soil.
 Nitrogen and Potash are applied through
fertigation.
24

WEED MANAGEMENT
 Weed may be controlled manually , mechanically
or chemically.
 Both organic and plastic mulches are used.
However white plastic mulches are effective now-
a-days.
25

Harvesting
Application of bud caps before
harvesting
Harvesting with secateurs
Cut stages of roses for
domestic and export
Different types of secateurs for
harvest 26

POST HARVEST HANDLING
Freshly harvested cut roses Grading of roses
Bunching of graded roses Packing of bunched roses 27

Corrugated devider
Cushione
d
vase
Cushioned vase
Outer Corrugated box
Outer Corrugated box
Arrangement
Cable ties
28

It restores the turgor of flowers wilted after harvest, storage or transport.
Conditioning is done with demineralised water supplemented with germicides and
acidified with citric acid.
Some wetting agents like tween 20 @ 0.01-0.10% can be used for this purpose.
Treating the flowers with high concentration of sucrose and germicide for a short
period of time, in order to improve the shelf life and to promote flower opening.
 Pulsing is beneficial especially for flowers destined for long storage period or long
distance transportation.
Use of germicides, sucrose and hormonal solution to promote the opening of
immature buds .
: After pulsing and storage flowers are held in a solution containing sucrose,
germicide ethylene inhibitor and growth regulator.
 The flowers can be kept in holding solution either at wholesaler, retailer or
consumer level
Holding:
Conditioning/Hardening:
Pulsing
Bud Opening:
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HYDROPONICS / SOILLESS CULTURE
Fertigation used in
Hydroponics 30

DISEASES
1.Dieback- Diplodia rosarum
2.Powdery mildew- Sphaerotheca pannosa.
3.Rust- Phragmidium mucronatum.
4.Downy mildew- Peronospora sparsa
PESTS
1.Aphids- Macrosiphum rosae
2.Thrips- Scirtothrips dorsalis
3.Cottony cushion scale- Icerya purchasi
31

Anthracnose Rose mosaic virus
Dieback
Rust
Powdery mildew Black spot
32

Aphid Thrips
Cottony cushion scale Leaf cutting bee 33

PHYSIOLOGICALDISORDERS
Blind shoot Proliferation of Roses
34

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