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Running Head OBJECTIVE REPORTObjective Report on Food Was.docx

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Running Head: OBJECTIVE REPORT Objective Report on Food Wastage Over 1800 years ago, a proverb from a Chinese wise man specified that “food is a basic requirement to man” (Kevin et al. 3). Years later, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population of over 7.5 billion people remains a major challenge. The current statistics reveal that one in eight people lack adequate food to promote a healthy life (Kevil et al. 5). This problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion by 2050. Thus, alongside the growing food problem are the extensively debated issues of climate change and environmental degradation. According to Kevil et al., food wastage is the leading factor that contributes to greenhouse gases (3). The degradation releases carbon dioxide that is a common environmental concern (Kevil et al. 3). In spite of these problems, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. Every day, the average food wastage in a typical American family amounts to nearly a pound. There is a growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Within a year, this wastage is comparable to tossing over 400 million barrels into trash cans (Cuellar et al. 6461). Annually, there is a loss of nearly 3 percent of the total energy through food wastage. These statistics prove that food wastage is a contentious habit that cannot fade unnoticed in American society. People in this country and across the world are dying due to starvation (Reich & Foley 4). Every dollar counts in today’s volatile global economy and any action that constitutes to wastage should be carefully examined and remedied. After the resolution of this problem, America could end up saving more than 3 % of the total energy every year (Cuellar et al. 6461). Nevertheless, there is a growing concern that despite the growing debate around food wastage, hardly any intervention has been adopted and implemented at the family and community level. Food wastage is a trend that could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. Parfitt et al. project that under the existing trends of food wastage, the global food demand could increase by nearly 80 percent by 2050 (1). Such an outcome is a major cause of concern for the future generations, which will have increased their financial allocation on food while leaving other needs unsatisfied (Parfitt et a 1). Ganders shares this insight by maintaining that the food wastages and loss are costly because it represents a missed opportunity to feed the increasing global population and comes with an unbearable environmental price (4). For years, researchers have underscored the significance of improving the food supply chain efficiency. Among these researchers is Ganders, who has recommended for change in the consumption behavior as a way of reducing the food wastage (3). However, as the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists ...

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Running Head: OBJECTIVE REPORT Objective Report on Food Wastage Over 1800 years ago, a proverb from a Chinese wise man specified that “food is a basic requirement to man” (Kevin et al. 3). Years later, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population of over 7.5 billion people remains a major challenge. The current statistics reveal that one in eight people lack adequate food to promote a healthy life (Kevil et al. 5). This problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion by 2050. Thus, alongside the growing food problem are the extensively debated issues of climate change and environmental degradation. According to Kevil et al., food wastage is the leading factor that contributes to greenhouse gases (3). The degradation releases carbon dioxide that is a common environmental concern (Kevil et al. 3). In spite of these problems, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. Every day, the average food wastage in a typical American family amounts to nearly a pound. There is a growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Within a year, this wastage is comparable to tossing over 400 million barrels into trash cans (Cuellar et al. 6461). Annually, there is a loss of nearly 3 percent of the total energy through food wastage. These statistics prove that food wastage is a contentious habit that cannot fade unnoticed in American society. People in this country and across the world are dying due to starvation (Reich & Foley 4). Every dollar counts in today’s volatile global economy and any action that constitutes to wastage should be carefully examined and remedied. After the resolution of this problem, America could end up saving more than 3 % of the total energy every year (Cuellar et al.
6461). Nevertheless, there is a growing concern that despite the growing debate around food wastage, hardly any intervention has been adopted and implemented at the family and community level. Food wastage is a trend that could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. Parfitt et al. project that under the existing trends of food wastage, the global food demand could increase by nearly 80 percent by 2050 (1). Such an outcome is a major cause of concern for the future generations, which will have increased their financial allocation on food while leaving other needs unsatisfied (Parfitt et a 1). Ganders shares this insight by maintaining that the food wastages and loss are costly because it represents a missed opportunity to feed the increasing global population and comes with an unbearable environmental price (4). For years, researchers have underscored the significance of improving the food supply chain efficiency. Among these researchers is Ganders, who has recommended for change in the consumption behavior as a way of reducing the food wastage (3). However, as the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists, they continue to plunge the future generation into more problems. Reducing the food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming starvation and sustainably feed America and the global population. According to Parfitt and colleagues, the food wastage in the global supply chain have a re-assessment for the wellbeing of future generations (2). The statistics and research findings by Cuellar and colleagues accentuate the need to cut down on the food wastage (6467). Reducing the food wastage is the best chance for the global society to alleviate food insecurity through redistribution to the needy families (Munesue et al. 73). It is encouraging to realize that the efforts to address and create awareness on food wastage have grown rapidly in the recent years. More media outlets are critically examining this issue than before. Activists and volunteers have embarked on food rescue activities. Different charity organizations have
collaborated with the food processors to intensify the campaigns on food wastage. Parfitt et al. agree that reducing food wastage is a sure way to prevent an awaiting disaster (2). The opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail sectors, and farms (Parfitt et al. 4). Agreeably, not all the cases of food loss can be averted bearing in mind perishable nature of most foods, the cost of collecting, transportation and handling, the intricacy of some consumer behaviors, and the need to ensure consumer safety (O'Donnell et al. 35). Nevertheless, a certain level of food wastage reduction may be attained by adopting the recommendations highlighted by O'Donnell et al. (3). The recommended measures include imparting skills or knowledge to target habits such as ingredient usage, leftover handling, and storage of perishable food to prevent spoiling. The nutritional education will prevent overconsumption and encourage budgeting for the foods bought in a family for certain duration. In summation, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population remains a challenge. The problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion in the next few decades. In spite of this future uncertainty, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. The paper confirms the growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Such a trend could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. As the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists, they continue to plunge the future generation into more problems. Certainly, reducing the food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming starvation and sustainably feed America and the global population. The opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail sectors, and farms. The recommended measures include imparting skill or knowledge related habits such as ingredient usage, leftover handling, and storage of perishable food to prevent spoiling. Works Cited
Cuellar, Amanda, and Michael E. Webber. "An Updated Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy Implications." ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability,vol. 1, no. 2, 2010, pp. 6460-6499 Gunders, Dana. “How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Forkto Landfill.” NRDC, 16 Aug. 2017, https://www.nrdc.org/resources/wasted-how-america-losing-40- percent-its-food-farm-fork-landfill. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Kevin, Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson Show. “The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 25 Nov. 2009, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone .0007940. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Munesue, Yosuke., Toshihiko Masui, and Takesato Fushima. “The effects of reducing food losses and food waste on global food insecurity, natural resources, and greenhouse gas emissions.” Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, 2015, pp. 43-77. O'Donnell, Tom, John Dentsch, and Ron Pepino. “New Solution s for Food Loss and Waste Prevention.” Biocycle, vol. 56, no. 11, 2015, pp. 34-38. Parfitt, Julian, Mark Barthel, and Sarah Macnaughton. “Food Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 16 Oct. 2010, http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh ort. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.
Reich, Alexandria, and Jonathan Foley. “Food Loss and Waste in the US: The Science behind the Supply Chain.” Food Policy Research Center. 3 Apr. 2014, https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy-summaries-and- analyses/food-loss-and-waste-us-science-behind-supply-chain. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Parfitt Julian, Barthel Mark, and Macnaughton Sarah. “Food Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 2010. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh ort>. Accessed 12 October 2017 Kevin, D. Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson C Show. “The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 2009. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pon e.0007940. Accessed 12 October 2017. summaries-and- analyses/food-loss- and-waste- us-science- behind-supply- chain Reich, A., Foley, J. (2014, April). Food Loss and Waste in the US: The Science Behind the Supply Chain. Retrieved February 18, 2016, from https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy
Paper Assignment Length: 6-8 pages, font size = 12-point, double-spaced with 1- inch margins Content Requirements: This paper is an argument paper. In this paper you will take a position on your topic and will craft an argument for that position. You need a clear thesis that appears on the first page and is reasoned, explained, developed and defended throughout the paper. Research Requirements: __ 20 sources total on your bibliography (MLA) or references (APA) page. ___ At least 5 of the 20 bibliography sources must be academic.
__ Of those 20 sources, you must cite (not necessary quote directly) at least 8 sources; at least 2 of these need to be academic sources. ___ If you are using MLA, these cited sources should be listed on a separate “works cited” page. I will be taking off points for insufficient # of sources (one point for each missing) and for format errors (one point for each mistake) in bibliographies, works cited pages, and in-text citations. Mechanics requirements: I will be looking especially for transitions/connections between sentences, correct documentation of citations, correct use of commas and apostrophes and concise wording (“trimming the fat” lesson). Edit your papers. I will be taking off points for errors. Organization requirements:
The format/organization for the paper: Parts of a Full Argument In classical rhetoric, arguments were arranged in a fairly predictable way, in part because speeches were either delivered unrehearsed, so the orator needed an outline ready to plug material into, or because speeches were memorized, and thus a regular pattern made it easier for the rhetor to keep track of the argument. Patterning was adjusted and rearranged, depending on the audience, the subject and the occasion. The arrangement had rhetorical purposes as well; each part built on the others to increase the persuasiveness of the argument. Classical rhetoricians used or relied on different parts of argument. Contemporary rhetors also use these parts, whether they are aware of it or not. You are required to include all of the parts that are in bold. Introduction (Exordium) The opening of your argument should establish EXIGENCE, convincing your readers of the importance of the subject, of the problem that needs to be solved, of the significance of the issue you are addressing. The introduction also begins your relationship with your readers, demonstrating your ethos. You might begin with a striking set of facts, an example, a question, or even a paradox. One of the most important things to keep in
mind is sort of obvious but often forgotten—you are introducing the topic here. Don’t assume that your readers know the topic or why it is important. Narration (Narratio) Before beginning to argue for a position, you may find it necessary to give the background or history of the issue. What happened or is happening that requires resolution or rethinking? This summary or narration can be done even for audiences already knowledgeable. Here you remind them of the information they need to appreciate the issue. You set the context of the debate to make the readers see your argument favorably. Story or Example might be woven into your confirmation section (see below); it might begin the paper, before the introduction, or it might follow the narration section. Sometimes this is part of the narration section. It should be one representative example, & it needs to be true and documented. Confirmation (Confirmatio) This is where you make your argument FOR your thesis (this is different from arguing against something). Your thesis is your claim, which must be supported by reasons that then become at least one paragraph each in the confirmation section. These
reasons must be explained & defended (with evidence). Be sure to make connections between these paragraphs in topic sentences. Together, this section & the refutation are the longest parts of your argument, each containing many paragraphs of converging arguments, each thoroughly supported. Refutation (Refutatio) You don’t make the opposition’s case—you acknowledge their concerns and argue back. Pick the major concerns on the other side & address them. The refutation section weakens support for the arguments opposed to yours. It can come before or after the confirmation, or the confirmation and the refutation can be intertwined as you argue back and forth, as long as you don’t JUST have refutations but are also making arguments FOR something. Conclusion (Peroratio) After many pages, your readers need a summary of where they have been. This summary is a chance for you to stress your major points and remind readers of the stake they have in the debate. But the conclusion should also do something else: You might suggest where the debate is likely to go next or suggest actions that your readers can take.
Running Head OBJECTIVE REPORTObjective Report on Food Was.docx

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Running Head OBJECTIVE REPORTObjective Report on Food Was.docx

  • 1. Running Head: OBJECTIVE REPORT Objective Report on Food Wastage Over 1800 years ago, a proverb from a Chinese wise man specified that “food is a basic requirement to man” (Kevin et al. 3). Years later, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population of over 7.5 billion people remains a major challenge. The current statistics reveal that one in eight people lack adequate food to promote a healthy life (Kevil et al. 5). This problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion by 2050. Thus, alongside the growing food problem are the extensively debated issues of climate change and environmental degradation. According to Kevil et al., food wastage is the leading factor that contributes to greenhouse gases (3). The degradation releases carbon dioxide that is a common environmental concern (Kevil et al. 3). In spite of these problems, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. Every day, the average food wastage in a typical American family amounts to nearly a pound. There is a growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Within a year, this wastage is comparable to tossing over 400 million barrels into trash cans (Cuellar et al. 6461). Annually, there is a loss of nearly 3 percent of the total energy through food wastage. These statistics prove that food wastage is a contentious habit that cannot fade unnoticed in American society. People in this country and across the world are dying due to starvation (Reich & Foley 4). Every dollar counts in today’s volatile global economy and any action that constitutes to wastage should be carefully examined and remedied. After the resolution of this problem, America could end up saving more than 3 % of the total energy every year (Cuellar et al.
  • 2. 6461). Nevertheless, there is a growing concern that despite the growing debate around food wastage, hardly any intervention has been adopted and implemented at the family and community level. Food wastage is a trend that could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. Parfitt et al. project that under the existing trends of food wastage, the global food demand could increase by nearly 80 percent by 2050 (1). Such an outcome is a major cause of concern for the future generations, which will have increased their financial allocation on food while leaving other needs unsatisfied (Parfitt et a 1). Ganders shares this insight by maintaining that the food wastages and loss are costly because it represents a missed opportunity to feed the increasing global population and comes with an unbearable environmental price (4). For years, researchers have underscored the significance of improving the food supply chain efficiency. Among these researchers is Ganders, who has recommended for change in the consumption behavior as a way of reducing the food wastage (3). However, as the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists, they continue to plunge the future generation into more problems. Reducing the food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming starvation and sustainably feed America and the global population. According to Parfitt and colleagues, the food wastage in the global supply chain have a re-assessment for the wellbeing of future generations (2). The statistics and research findings by Cuellar and colleagues accentuate the need to cut down on the food wastage (6467). Reducing the food wastage is the best chance for the global society to alleviate food insecurity through redistribution to the needy families (Munesue et al. 73). It is encouraging to realize that the efforts to address and create awareness on food wastage have grown rapidly in the recent years. More media outlets are critically examining this issue than before. Activists and volunteers have embarked on food rescue activities. Different charity organizations have
  • 3. collaborated with the food processors to intensify the campaigns on food wastage. Parfitt et al. agree that reducing food wastage is a sure way to prevent an awaiting disaster (2). The opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail sectors, and farms (Parfitt et al. 4). Agreeably, not all the cases of food loss can be averted bearing in mind perishable nature of most foods, the cost of collecting, transportation and handling, the intricacy of some consumer behaviors, and the need to ensure consumer safety (O'Donnell et al. 35). Nevertheless, a certain level of food wastage reduction may be attained by adopting the recommendations highlighted by O'Donnell et al. (3). The recommended measures include imparting skills or knowledge to target habits such as ingredient usage, leftover handling, and storage of perishable food to prevent spoiling. The nutritional education will prevent overconsumption and encourage budgeting for the foods bought in a family for certain duration. In summation, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population remains a challenge. The problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion in the next few decades. In spite of this future uncertainty, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. The paper confirms the growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Such a trend could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. As the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists, they continue to plunge the future generation into more problems. Certainly, reducing the food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming starvation and sustainably feed America and the global population. The opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail sectors, and farms. The recommended measures include imparting skill or knowledge related habits such as ingredient usage, leftover handling, and storage of perishable food to prevent spoiling. Works Cited
  • 4. Cuellar, Amanda, and Michael E. Webber. "An Updated Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy Implications." ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability,vol. 1, no. 2, 2010, pp. 6460-6499 Gunders, Dana. “How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Forkto Landfill.” NRDC, 16 Aug. 2017, https://www.nrdc.org/resources/wasted-how-america-losing-40- percent-its-food-farm-fork-landfill. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Kevin, Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson Show. “The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 25 Nov. 2009, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone .0007940. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Munesue, Yosuke., Toshihiko Masui, and Takesato Fushima. “The effects of reducing food losses and food waste on global food insecurity, natural resources, and greenhouse gas emissions.” Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, 2015, pp. 43-77. O'Donnell, Tom, John Dentsch, and Ron Pepino. “New Solution s for Food Loss and Waste Prevention.” Biocycle, vol. 56, no. 11, 2015, pp. 34-38. Parfitt, Julian, Mark Barthel, and Sarah Macnaughton. “Food Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 16 Oct. 2010, http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh ort. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.
  • 5. Reich, Alexandria, and Jonathan Foley. “Food Loss and Waste in the US: The Science behind the Supply Chain.” Food Policy Research Center. 3 Apr. 2014, https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy-summaries-and- analyses/food-loss-and-waste-us-science-behind-supply-chain. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017. Parfitt Julian, Barthel Mark, and Macnaughton Sarah. “Food Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 2010. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh ort>. Accessed 12 October 2017 Kevin, D. Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson C Show. “The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 2009. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pon e.0007940. Accessed 12 October 2017. summaries-and- analyses/food-loss- and-waste- us-science- behind-supply- chain Reich, A., Foley, J. (2014, April). Food Loss and Waste in the US: The Science Behind the Supply Chain. Retrieved February 18, 2016, from https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy
  • 6. Paper Assignment Length: 6-8 pages, font size = 12-point, double-spaced with 1- inch margins Content Requirements: This paper is an argument paper. In this paper you will take a position on your topic and will craft an argument for that position. You need a clear thesis that appears on the first page and is reasoned, explained, developed and defended throughout the paper. Research Requirements: __ 20 sources total on your bibliography (MLA) or references (APA) page. ___ At least 5 of the 20 bibliography sources must be academic.
  • 7. __ Of those 20 sources, you must cite (not necessary quote directly) at least 8 sources; at least 2 of these need to be academic sources. ___ If you are using MLA, these cited sources should be listed on a separate “works cited” page. I will be taking off points for insufficient # of sources (one point for each missing) and for format errors (one point for each mistake) in bibliographies, works cited pages, and in-text citations. Mechanics requirements: I will be looking especially for transitions/connections between sentences, correct documentation of citations, correct use of commas and apostrophes and concise wording (“trimming the fat” lesson). Edit your papers. I will be taking off points for errors. Organization requirements:
  • 8. The format/organization for the paper: Parts of a Full Argument In classical rhetoric, arguments were arranged in a fairly predictable way, in part because speeches were either delivered unrehearsed, so the orator needed an outline ready to plug material into, or because speeches were memorized, and thus a regular pattern made it easier for the rhetor to keep track of the argument. Patterning was adjusted and rearranged, depending on the audience, the subject and the occasion. The arrangement had rhetorical purposes as well; each part built on the others to increase the persuasiveness of the argument. Classical rhetoricians used or relied on different parts of argument. Contemporary rhetors also use these parts, whether they are aware of it or not. You are required to include all of the parts that are in bold. Introduction (Exordium) The opening of your argument should establish EXIGENCE, convincing your readers of the importance of the subject, of the problem that needs to be solved, of the significance of the issue you are addressing. The introduction also begins your relationship with your readers, demonstrating your ethos. You might begin with a striking set of facts, an example, a question, or even a paradox. One of the most important things to keep in
  • 9. mind is sort of obvious but often forgotten—you are introducing the topic here. Don’t assume that your readers know the topic or why it is important. Narration (Narratio) Before beginning to argue for a position, you may find it necessary to give the background or history of the issue. What happened or is happening that requires resolution or rethinking? This summary or narration can be done even for audiences already knowledgeable. Here you remind them of the information they need to appreciate the issue. You set the context of the debate to make the readers see your argument favorably. Story or Example might be woven into your confirmation section (see below); it might begin the paper, before the introduction, or it might follow the narration section. Sometimes this is part of the narration section. It should be one representative example, & it needs to be true and documented. Confirmation (Confirmatio) This is where you make your argument FOR your thesis (this is different from arguing against something). Your thesis is your claim, which must be supported by reasons that then become at least one paragraph each in the confirmation section. These
  • 10. reasons must be explained & defended (with evidence). Be sure to make connections between these paragraphs in topic sentences. Together, this section & the refutation are the longest parts of your argument, each containing many paragraphs of converging arguments, each thoroughly supported. Refutation (Refutatio) You don’t make the opposition’s case—you acknowledge their concerns and argue back. Pick the major concerns on the other side & address them. The refutation section weakens support for the arguments opposed to yours. It can come before or after the confirmation, or the confirmation and the refutation can be intertwined as you argue back and forth, as long as you don’t JUST have refutations but are also making arguments FOR something. Conclusion (Peroratio) After many pages, your readers need a summary of where they have been. This summary is a chance for you to stress your major points and remind readers of the stake they have in the debate. But the conclusion should also do something else: You might suggest where the debate is likely to go next or suggest actions that your readers can take.