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Rural areas

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The most intensive agricultural practice described is in the Netherlands, with the highest production per hectare and per active farmer. The least intensive is in the USA, with the largest active surface per farmer and lowest production per hectare.

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RURAL AREAS DEFINITIONS OF UNIT´S CONCEPTS: -Rural areas: place in the countryside, a non-urban space. -Agricultural landscape: natural landscape transformed by agricultural activities. -PROBLEMS: How do agricultural activities transform the landscape? PLANNING: 1.- Elements of the agricultural landscape. 2.-Factors 3.- Types of landscapes
Introductions: rural areas tertiary habitats RURAL PRIMARY livestock forestry AGRICULTURAL agriculture secondary fishing
1.-Elements of agrarian areas 1.1 Rural habitats: – concentrated – scattered 1.2. The plots: –Monocultures/polycultures –Enclosed/openfields –Dry farming/ Irrigated farming
The rural habitat A. Concentrated B. Scattered
The plots (1) • Enclosed • Openfield Privately owned plots with no fences or separation. Plots diveded by fences, hedges. Also called bocage.
The plots (2):polycultures • Dry farming • Irrigated farming
The plots (3):monocultures • Dry farming • Irrigated farming
Now your turn! Q1:Write down the characteristics of the following landscapes:
Nº 1 • A) monocultures, irrigated farming • B) polyculture, dryfarming • C) polyculture, dry and irrigated farming
Nº 2 • A) polyculture, bocage, dry farming • B) polyculture, openfield, irrigated farming • C) monoculture, bocage, irrigated farming
Nº 3 • A) bocage, dry farming • B) openfield, dry farming • C) openfield, extensive livestock
Nº 4
Nº 5
Nº 6
2.- The factors • PHYSICAL: – Climate – Relief – Water – Sun – Vegetation • HUUMANS: – Historical – Demographic – Economic – Political – Technical
Physical factors: the climate
Physical factors: the relief
Physical factors : the water Greenhouses in Almeria. Q2: Where do you think the water for irrigation comes from?
Human factors Ex 1 : Rice cultivation in Asia -Demographic pressure -Increase of demand -Historically important -Low technology
Human factors • Ex. 2 : Great Plains in North America: -Commercial agriculture -High technology -Government policies: aid with subsidies …
Now your turn! Q3: What factors influence the following landscapes?
Rural areas
3.- Types of landscapes 3.1. Subsistance landscapes: -Traditional agiculture -Rice cultivation in Asia 3.2. Developed landscapes: -Plantations -Agriculture in Europe -The Great Plains in North America
Subsistance agriculture: Traditional • Subsistance agriculture • Old techniques • Low productivity • Intensive methods
Now your turn! Q4:Why does traditional agriculture use intensive methods?
Traditional landscapes : Rice cultivation in Asia • Highest rural population of the world. • Old technicques • Intensive monoculture: high yield, abundant labour. • Several harvests a year
Now your turn! • Q5: What three physical factors are necessary for the cultivation of rice?
Commercial Agriculture: Plantations • Coastal tropical countries • Products: coffee, tea, cocoa. • Commerical agriculture • High technology • Strong investments • Abundant labour, low wages
Now your turn! • Coffee plantations in Mexico: • Q 6: Why are plantations located in coastal areas?
Developed countries: Commercial agriculture in Europe • High yield • Mechanization, seeds selection, fertilizers and pesticides • Specialization • Market gardening • CAP
Now your turn! • Q 7: Think over: How has european agriculture been able to increase production in spite of reducing the number of farmers working in the primary sector?
3.2. Developed countries: Great Plains in North Amercia • Market oriented • Big plots of land. Geometrical shape. • Extensive method: high yield and scarce labour.
Now your turn! • Q8: Each american farmer can produce enough food to feed one hundred USA citizens, How do you think he accomplishes this result?
Q9: Which of these agricultural practices is the most intensive? And the least intensive? USA France Netherlands Active surface (in ha) 153 22,4 8,5 Production per ha ($) 198 984 4 203 Production per active farmer ($) 30 250 22 042 35 725

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Rural areas

  • 1. RURAL AREAS DEFINITIONS OF UNIT´S CONCEPTS: -Rural areas: place in the countryside, a non-urban space. -Agricultural landscape: natural landscape transformed by agricultural activities. -PROBLEMS: How do agricultural activities transform the landscape? PLANNING: 1.- Elements of the agricultural landscape. 2.-Factors 3.- Types of landscapes
  • 3. 1.-Elements of agrarian areas 1.1 Rural habitats: – concentrated – scattered 1.2. The plots: –Monocultures/polycultures –Enclosed/openfields –Dry farming/ Irrigated farming
  • 4. The rural habitat A. Concentrated B. Scattered
  • 5. The plots (1) • Enclosed • Openfield Privately owned plots with no fences or separation. Plots diveded by fences, hedges. Also called bocage.
  • 6. The plots (2):polycultures • Dry farming • Irrigated farming
  • 7. The plots (3):monocultures • Dry farming • Irrigated farming
  • 8. Now your turn! Q1:Write down the characteristics of the following landscapes:
  • 9. Nº 1 • A) monocultures, irrigated farming • B) polyculture, dryfarming • C) polyculture, dry and irrigated farming
  • 10. Nº 2 • A) polyculture, bocage, dry farming • B) polyculture, openfield, irrigated farming • C) monoculture, bocage, irrigated farming
  • 11. Nº 3 • A) bocage, dry farming • B) openfield, dry farming • C) openfield, extensive livestock
  • 12. Nº 4
  • 13. Nº 5
  • 14. Nº 6
  • 15. 2.- The factors • PHYSICAL: – Climate – Relief – Water – Sun – Vegetation • HUUMANS: – Historical – Demographic – Economic – Political – Technical
  • 18. Physical factors : the water Greenhouses in Almeria. Q2: Where do you think the water for irrigation comes from?
  • 19. Human factors Ex 1 : Rice cultivation in Asia -Demographic pressure -Increase of demand -Historically important -Low technology
  • 20. Human factors • Ex. 2 : Great Plains in North America: -Commercial agriculture -High technology -Government policies: aid with subsidies …
  • 21. Now your turn! Q3: What factors influence the following landscapes?
  • 23. 3.- Types of landscapes 3.1. Subsistance landscapes: -Traditional agiculture -Rice cultivation in Asia 3.2. Developed landscapes: -Plantations -Agriculture in Europe -The Great Plains in North America
  • 24. Subsistance agriculture: Traditional • Subsistance agriculture • Old techniques • Low productivity • Intensive methods
  • 25. Now your turn! Q4:Why does traditional agriculture use intensive methods?
  • 26. Traditional landscapes : Rice cultivation in Asia • Highest rural population of the world. • Old technicques • Intensive monoculture: high yield, abundant labour. • Several harvests a year
  • 27. Now your turn! • Q5: What three physical factors are necessary for the cultivation of rice?
  • 28. Commercial Agriculture: Plantations • Coastal tropical countries • Products: coffee, tea, cocoa. • Commerical agriculture • High technology • Strong investments • Abundant labour, low wages
  • 29. Now your turn! • Coffee plantations in Mexico: • Q 6: Why are plantations located in coastal areas?
  • 30. Developed countries: Commercial agriculture in Europe • High yield • Mechanization, seeds selection, fertilizers and pesticides • Specialization • Market gardening • CAP
  • 31. Now your turn! • Q 7: Think over: How has european agriculture been able to increase production in spite of reducing the number of farmers working in the primary sector?
  • 32. 3.2. Developed countries: Great Plains in North Amercia • Market oriented • Big plots of land. Geometrical shape. • Extensive method: high yield and scarce labour.
  • 33. Now your turn! • Q8: Each american farmer can produce enough food to feed one hundred USA citizens, How do you think he accomplishes this result?
  • 34. Q9: Which of these agricultural practices is the most intensive? And the least intensive? USA France Netherlands Active surface (in ha) 153 22,4 8,5 Production per ha ($) 198 984 4 203 Production per active farmer ($) 30 250 22 042 35 725