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rural economics.pdf

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There are three schools of thought in rural economics. Taylor's group views rural economics as relating to agriculture and farm management. Carver's group agrees but excludes farm management. The third group sees rural economics as a combination of ordinary economics and agriculture. Rural economics generally studies rural economies, industries, development, land use, housing, migration, finance, and government policies. It aims to develop rural life through agriculture, education, health, and infrastructure while addressing problems related to inputs, marketing, leadership, administration, and traditional mindsets. Rural economics is important for India's development as most Indians live rurally and agriculture is a major income source and employer.

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Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics
Rural Economics Three school of thoughts/groups First Group: Taylor’s group/school – Most rural economists are belongs to this school – According to Taylor, rural economics not only that body of economics which relates particularly to agriculture, but also farm management, it looks at the farmer's problems not merely from the social point of view, but also from the individual
Rural Economics Second Group: Carver‘s group/school – it agree with Taylor but excludes farm management . – It considers farm management as a separate field of study Third group/school – It disagree with the above two schools. – For this school of thought rural economics is nothing but it is merely a combination of ordinary economics on the one hand and agriculture on the other
Rural Economics • In general, rural economics is the study of rural economies including: • farm and non-farm industry. • economic growth, development, and change • size and spatial distribution of production and household units and interregional trade • land use • Housing and non-housing as to supply and demand • migration and (de)population • finance • government policies as to development, investment, regulation and transportation • general - equilibrium and welfare analysis, for example, system interdependencies and rural-urban income disparities.
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Scope: • Rural Economics in general covers the totality of life in the rural area. Economic, social, political, cultural, environmental, agrarian, science and technology, waste management, forest and natural resources, climate change, communication and transportation, energy, and infrastructure development. • The specific scope can be discussed under the following heads;
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Agricultural related problems: • 1. Lack of expected awareness, knowledge, skill and attitude. • 2. Unavailability of inputs. • 3. Poor marketing facility. • 4. Insufficient extension staff and services. • 5. Multidimensional tasks to extension personnel. • 6. Small size of land holding. • 7. Division of land. • 8. Unwillingness to work and stay in rural areas.
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Economic problems: • 1. Unfavourable economic condition to adopt high cost technology. • 2. High cost of inputs. • 3. Underprivileged rural industries. Social and Cultural problems: 1. Cultural norms and traditions 2. Conflict within and between groups, castes, religions, regions, languages.
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics People related: 1. Traditional way of thinking. 2. Poor understanding. 3. Low level of education to understand developmental efforts and new technology. 4. Deprived psychology and scientific orientation. 5. Lack of confidence. 6. Poor awareness. 7. Low level of education. 8. Existence of unfelt needs. 9. Personal ego
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Infrastructure related problems: • Poor infrastructure facilities like water, electricity, transport, educational institutions, communication, health, storage facility etc. • Leadership related problems: • 1. Leadership among the hands of inactive and incompetent people. • 2. Malafied interest of leaders. • 3. Biased political will.
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Administrative problems: 1. Earlier, majority of the programmes were planning based on top to bottom approach and were target oriented. 2. Political interference. 3. Lack of motivation and interest. 4. Unwillingness to work in rural area. 5. Improper utilization of budget.
Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics The specific objectives are: 1. To develop farm, home, public service and village community. 2. To bring improvement in producing crops and animals living condition. 3. To improve health and education condition etc. improvement of the rural people. 4. To improve villagers with their own efforts. 5. To improve village communication.
Importance of Rural Economics Rural economics is a national necessity and has considerable importance in India because of the following reasons. 1. About three-fourth of India's population live in rural areas, thus rural development is needed to develop nation as whole. 2. Nearly half of the country's national income is derived from agriculture, which is major occupation of rural India. 3. Around seventy per cent of Indian population gets employment through agriculture. 4. Bulks of raw materials for industries come from agriculture and rural sector. 5. Increase in industrial population can be justified only in rural population‟s motivation and increasing the purchasing power to buy industrial goods. 6. Growing disparity between the urban elite and the rural poor can lead to political instability.
Importance of Rural Economics The importance of RE can be discussed as follows: 1. To develop rural area as whole in terms of culture, society, economy, technology and health. 2. To develop living slandered of rural mass. 3. To develop rural youths, children and women. 4. To develop and empower human resource of rural area in terms of their psychology, skill, knowledge, attitude and other abilities. 5. To develop infrastructure facility of rural area. 6. To provide minimum facility to rural mass in terms of drinking water, education, transport, electricity and communication. 7. To develop rural institutions like panchayat, cooperatives, post, banking and credit.
Importance of Rural Economics 8. To provide financial assist to develop the artisans in the rural areas, farmers and agrarian unskilled labor, small and big rural entrepreneurs to improve their economy. 9. To develop rural industries through the development of handicrafts, small scaled industries, village industries, rural crafts, cottage industries and other related economic operations in the rural sector. 10. To develop agriculture, animal husbandry and other agricultural related areas. 11. To restore uncultivated land, provide irrigation facilities and motivate farmers to adopt improved seed, fertilizers, package of practices of crop cultivation and soil conservation methods.
Importance of Rural Economics 12. To develop entertainment and recreational facility for rural mass. 13. To develop leadership quality of rural area. 14. To improve rural marketing facility. 15. To minimise gap between the urban and rural in terms of facilities availed. 16. To improve rural people’s participation in the development of state and nation as whole. 17. To improve scopes of employment for rural mass. 18. For the sustainable development of rural area. 19. To eliminate rural poverty. 20. To solve the problems faced by the rural mass for their development.

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rural economics.pdf

  • 8. Rural Economics Three school of thoughts/groups First Group: Taylor’s group/school – Most rural economists are belongs to this school – According to Taylor, rural economics not only that body of economics which relates particularly to agriculture, but also farm management, it looks at the farmer's problems not merely from the social point of view, but also from the individual
  • 9. Rural Economics Second Group: Carver‘s group/school – it agree with Taylor but excludes farm management . – It considers farm management as a separate field of study Third group/school – It disagree with the above two schools. – For this school of thought rural economics is nothing but it is merely a combination of ordinary economics on the one hand and agriculture on the other
  • 10. Rural Economics • In general, rural economics is the study of rural economies including: • farm and non-farm industry. • economic growth, development, and change • size and spatial distribution of production and household units and interregional trade • land use • Housing and non-housing as to supply and demand • migration and (de)population • finance • government policies as to development, investment, regulation and transportation • general - equilibrium and welfare analysis, for example, system interdependencies and rural-urban income disparities.
  • 11. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Scope: • Rural Economics in general covers the totality of life in the rural area. Economic, social, political, cultural, environmental, agrarian, science and technology, waste management, forest and natural resources, climate change, communication and transportation, energy, and infrastructure development. • The specific scope can be discussed under the following heads;
  • 12. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Agricultural related problems: • 1. Lack of expected awareness, knowledge, skill and attitude. • 2. Unavailability of inputs. • 3. Poor marketing facility. • 4. Insufficient extension staff and services. • 5. Multidimensional tasks to extension personnel. • 6. Small size of land holding. • 7. Division of land. • 8. Unwillingness to work and stay in rural areas.
  • 13. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Economic problems: • 1. Unfavourable economic condition to adopt high cost technology. • 2. High cost of inputs. • 3. Underprivileged rural industries. Social and Cultural problems: 1. Cultural norms and traditions 2. Conflict within and between groups, castes, religions, regions, languages.
  • 14. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics People related: 1. Traditional way of thinking. 2. Poor understanding. 3. Low level of education to understand developmental efforts and new technology. 4. Deprived psychology and scientific orientation. 5. Lack of confidence. 6. Poor awareness. 7. Low level of education. 8. Existence of unfelt needs. 9. Personal ego
  • 15. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Infrastructure related problems: • Poor infrastructure facilities like water, electricity, transport, educational institutions, communication, health, storage facility etc. • Leadership related problems: • 1. Leadership among the hands of inactive and incompetent people. • 2. Malafied interest of leaders. • 3. Biased political will.
  • 16. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics Administrative problems: 1. Earlier, majority of the programmes were planning based on top to bottom approach and were target oriented. 2. Political interference. 3. Lack of motivation and interest. 4. Unwillingness to work in rural area. 5. Improper utilization of budget.
  • 17. Scope and Objectives of Rural Economics The specific objectives are: 1. To develop farm, home, public service and village community. 2. To bring improvement in producing crops and animals living condition. 3. To improve health and education condition etc. improvement of the rural people. 4. To improve villagers with their own efforts. 5. To improve village communication.
  • 18. Importance of Rural Economics Rural economics is a national necessity and has considerable importance in India because of the following reasons. 1. About three-fourth of India's population live in rural areas, thus rural development is needed to develop nation as whole. 2. Nearly half of the country's national income is derived from agriculture, which is major occupation of rural India. 3. Around seventy per cent of Indian population gets employment through agriculture. 4. Bulks of raw materials for industries come from agriculture and rural sector. 5. Increase in industrial population can be justified only in rural population‟s motivation and increasing the purchasing power to buy industrial goods. 6. Growing disparity between the urban elite and the rural poor can lead to political instability.
  • 19. Importance of Rural Economics The importance of RE can be discussed as follows: 1. To develop rural area as whole in terms of culture, society, economy, technology and health. 2. To develop living slandered of rural mass. 3. To develop rural youths, children and women. 4. To develop and empower human resource of rural area in terms of their psychology, skill, knowledge, attitude and other abilities. 5. To develop infrastructure facility of rural area. 6. To provide minimum facility to rural mass in terms of drinking water, education, transport, electricity and communication. 7. To develop rural institutions like panchayat, cooperatives, post, banking and credit.
  • 20. Importance of Rural Economics 8. To provide financial assist to develop the artisans in the rural areas, farmers and agrarian unskilled labor, small and big rural entrepreneurs to improve their economy. 9. To develop rural industries through the development of handicrafts, small scaled industries, village industries, rural crafts, cottage industries and other related economic operations in the rural sector. 10. To develop agriculture, animal husbandry and other agricultural related areas. 11. To restore uncultivated land, provide irrigation facilities and motivate farmers to adopt improved seed, fertilizers, package of practices of crop cultivation and soil conservation methods.
  • 21. Importance of Rural Economics 12. To develop entertainment and recreational facility for rural mass. 13. To develop leadership quality of rural area. 14. To improve rural marketing facility. 15. To minimise gap between the urban and rural in terms of facilities availed. 16. To improve rural people’s participation in the development of state and nation as whole. 17. To improve scopes of employment for rural mass. 18. For the sustainable development of rural area. 19. To eliminate rural poverty. 20. To solve the problems faced by the rural mass for their development.