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RESPONSIVE WEB
DEVELOPMENT
WORKSHOP
Amelia Schmidt
Lead front-end & UX developer,
Equiem
Responsive web development workshop
AGENDA
‣ What is responsive
‣ Responsive web design
‣ Media queries
‣ CSS preprocessors
‣ Grids
‣ Developing for devices
‣ Developing for older browsers
‣ Javascript libraries
2
105 slides
3 hours
Let’s go!
INTRODUCTION 3
You’ll need:
‣ Sublime Text http://www.sublimetext.com/
‣ Xcode https://developer.apple.com/xcode/
‣ Git https://git-scm.com/
‣ Bundler http://bundler.io/ and Ruby installed on your computer
‣ VirtualBox https://www.virtualbox.org/
‣ Windows boxes https://dev.modern.ie/
‣ A positive attitude :)
INTRODUCTION 3
About me
‣ I have been working as a web developer for four years
‣ I work at a tech startup called Equiem as Lead Front-end Developer &
UX Developer
‣ I work with SCSS, Javascript, jQuery and PHP day to day
‣ I’m largely taught by my mentors and the internet
INTRODUCTION 3
Workshop format
‣ This is an interactive workshop and you’ll be completing tasks as we
go along
‣ Please ask any questions, let’s keep this a dialogue
‣ If you can’t do something because of lack of installed programs or you
don’t have the skillz, that’s cool, we can modify for different levels
‣ We’ll start off beginner and move towards more advanced
‣ Don’t worry, and have fun!
WHAT IS
RESPONSIVE?
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
The world is changing
‣ 34% of smartphone users go online mostly using their phones, and not
on a desktop, laptop, or other device
‣ People using a desktop computer to search online will increase from
1.4 billion to 1.6 billion users in 2015.
‣ People searching online using a smartphone will increase from 800
million to 1.9 billion users in 2015
https://www.bopdesign.com/bop-blog/2015/02/responsive-web-design-statistics/
5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
Responsive is one method of making a single
website that works across various screen sizes
5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
10WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
‣ https://www.bostonglobe.com/
WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? 11WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
What it’s not:
‣ “m Dot” eg. http://m.theage.com.au/
‣ Adaptive
‣ Liquid
‣ Static (http://www.liquidapsive.com/)
Fixed
Fixed websites have a
set width and resizing
the browser or viewing
it on different devices
won’t affect on the way
the website looks.
Adaptive
Adaptive websites
introduce media
queries to target
specific device sizes,
like smaller monitors,
tablets, and mobile.
Fluid
Fluid websites are
built using % for
widths. Columns are
relative to one another
and the browser can
scale up and down
fluidly.
“m dot”
m.website.com is a
separate codebase
with the same
database, essentially
an entirely different
“skin” for a site built
for mobile only.
5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
Responsive is…
‣ The same website, the same code, the same database, but displayed
differently on different screens due to the use of…
‣ …media queries, which can be leveraged in powerful ways via grid
systems and breakpoints
‣ The idea that the web is not just one size, or three sizes, but any
possible size on an ever-expanding set of devices, including the
Internet Of Things revolution
‣ A design decision, a suite of web tools, a paradigm…
KEY OBJECTIVES
Download the base repo
EXERCISE 1: SETUP
AGENDA
5 minutes 1. Open up terminal
2. $ git clone git@github.com:meelijane/
rwd.git
3. Open up index.html
4. View it in your browser
DELIVERABLE
The base repo appearing in your
browser
7
RESOURCES
Sublime Text, a Github account, git for command line and a
browser
RESPONSIVE WEB
DESIGN
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Start with the right tools
‣ Designing for multiple screen sizes means that static design
deliverables will be hard to work with
‣ Client sign-off can get confusing with RWD
‣ Photoshop is a photo editing tool
‣ PSDs can make it hard to keep track of revisions
‣ Whether you’re working Agile or Waterfall (and I recommend Agile),
working with responsive design will require you to be fluid as well
5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Start with the right ideas
‣ Style-guide driven design
‣ Component-based design
‣ Your designer will need to get familiar with responsive web concepts
like HTML basics, CSS basics e.g. floats, web typography
‣ Prototype, prototype and prototype some more
‣ Design to a grid
‣ Webflow https://webflow.com/
‣ http://macaw.co/
5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Some things to watch out for
‣ Patterns taken from print design that might not work in a fluid context
‣ Client sign-off on static designs
‣ No content provided before designs start
‣ No context provided for designs eg. user research
‣ Using Lorem Ipsum in place of any real content
http://slides.com/equiem/red-flags#/
19RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
20RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Start with the content
‣ You can’t build a responsive website without an understanding of its
content
‣ Create a content strategy and/or obtain the actual content before you
get started with visual design
‣ It’s important for responsive design, accessibility and SEO that your
content is semantic and web-ready
“95% of the information on the web is written
language. It is only logical to say that a web
designer should get good training in the main
discipline of shaping written information, in
other words: Typography.”
6
Oliver Reichenstein
RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Here is a great teaser about this
cat on a beanbag.The image has
a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag)
and there is just enough text in
this box to fill up the available
space.You can use lorem if you
want.
Cat on a bag
<img
src=“…”>
<div>
<p>
<h2>
KEY OBJECTIVES
Understand how responsive
design can be incompatible with
certain design patterns
EXERCISE: RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
AGENDA
10 minutes 1. Create the markup to generate a text and
image teaser where the image and text sit
side by side, and the whole teaser is
bounded by a box
2. Resize the browser and observe
DELIVERABLE
A text and image teaser in your
browser
7
RESOURCES
The repo from the last exercise
6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Here is a great teaser
about this cat on a
beanbag.The image has
a fixed ratio (use the
<img> tag) and there is
just enough text in this
box to fill up the
available space.You can
use lorem if you want.
Cat on a bag
6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
Here is a great teaser
about this cat on a
beanbag.The image has a
fixed ratio (use the
<img> tag) and there is
just enough text in this
box to fill up the available
space.You can use lorem
if you want.
Cat on a bag
Here is a great teaser
about this cat on a
beanbag.The image has a
fixed ratio (use the
<img> tag) and there is
just enough text in this
box to fill up the available
space.You can use lorem
if you want.
Cat on a bag
Here is a great teaser
about this cat on a
beanbag.The image has a
fixed ratio (use the
<img> tag) and there is
just enough text in this
box to fill up the available
space.You can use lorem
if you want.
Cat on a bag
Here is a great teaser
about this cat on a
beanbag.The image has a
fixed ratio (use the
<img> tag) and there is
just enough text in this
box to fill up the available
space.You can use lorem
if you want.
Cat on a bag
WHAT IS CSS?
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5WHAT IS CSS?
CSS is the language for describing the presentation of Web pages,
including colors, layout, and fonts. It allows one to adapt the presentation
to different types of devices, such as large screens, small screens, or
printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be used with any XML-
based markup language.The separation of HTML from CSS makes it
easier to maintain sites, share style sheets across pages, and tailor pages
to different environments.This is referred to as the separation of
structure (or: content) from presentation.
https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss#whatcss
5WHAT IS CSS?
Cascading style sheets
‣ A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of
one or more selectors, and a declaration block.
.big-box {
background-color: red;
}
Rule
5WHAT IS CSS?
Cascading style sheets
‣ Selectors may apply to:
‣ all elements of a specific type, e.g. the second-level headers h2
‣ elements specified by attribute, in particular:
‣ id: an identifier unique within to the document
‣ class: an identifier that can annotate multiple elements in a
document
‣ elements depending on how they are placed relative to others in the
document tree.
5WHAT IS CSS?
Cascading style sheets
.big-box {
background-color: red;
}
Selector
5WHAT IS CSS?
Cascading style sheets
‣ A declaration block consists of a list of declarations in braces.
‣ Each declaration itself consists of a property, a colon (:), and a value.
‣ If there are multiple declarations in a block, a semi-colon (;) must be
inserted to separate each declaration.
.big-box {
background-color: red;
}
Declaration
block
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets
5WHAT IS CSS?
Inheritance
‣ Inheritance is a key feature of CSS
‣ Descendant elements may inherit CSS property values from any
ancestor element enclosing them.
<div class=“box”>
<p class=“paragraph”>
<span>CSS is awesome!</span>
</p>
</div>
Nested
HTML
elements
5WHAT IS CSS?
Inheritance
‣ In general, descendant elements inherit text-related properties, but
box-related properties are not inherited. Properties that can be
inherited are color, font, letter-spacing, line-height, list-style, text-
align, text-indent, text-transform, visibility, white-space and word-
spacing.
‣ Properties that cannot be inherited are background, border, display,
float and clear, height, and width, margin, min- and max-height and -
width, outline, overflow, padding, position, text-decoration, vertical-
align and z-index.
5WHAT IS CSS?
Inheritance
<div class=“box”>
<p class=“paragraph”>
<span>CSS is
awesome!</span>
</p>
</div>
.box {
color: pink;
}
This text
will be pink
5WHAT IS CSS?
CSS3
MEDIA QUERIES
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5MEDIA QUERIES
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries
A media query consists of a media type and at least one
expression that limits the style sheets' scope by using
media features, such as width, height, and color. Media
queries, added in CSS3, let the presentation of content
be tailored to a specific range of output devices
without having to change the content itself.
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
5MEDIA QUERIES
http://cssmediaqueries.com/overview.html
5MEDIA QUERIES
@media (min-width: 700px) {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
5MEDIA QUERIES
@media (min-width: 700px) and (orientation: landscape) {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
5MEDIA QUERIES
@media screen and (device-aspect-ration: 16/9){
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
KEY OBJECTIVES
Change elements on a web page
by use of media queries
EXERCISE: MEDIA QUERIES
AGENDA
5 minutes 1. Create a media query in the index.html file
as <style> CSS
2. Inside the media query, target a div on the
page and change its colour for < 400px
screen width
3. Resize the window and check it out
DELIVERABLE
A web page with a box that
changes colour when the screen
is less than 400px wide
7
RESOURCES
Sublime text, web browser
CSS PREPROCESSORS
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
CSS is like painting
‣ You apply rules to selectors individually
‣ Selectors and rules become deeply connected
‣ Every element on a page is individually themed
‣ CSS is supposed to add “optional” styles to HTML, which should really
be completely usable on its own
‣ It’s easy and very simple…
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
CSS preprocessors are like… programming
‣ Variables
‣ Functions
‣ Parameters
‣ “Mixins” and “extends”
‣ Nesting
‣ Libraries
‣ DRY - don't repeat yourself
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
SCSS
‣ Sass is an extension of CSS3 which adds nested rules, variables,
mixins, selector inheritance, and more. Sass generates well formatted
CSS and makes your stylesheets easier to organise and maintain.
‣ Sass is the most mature, stable, and powerful professional grade CSS
extension language in the world.
‣ Sass is completely compatible with all versions of CSS
‣ There are endless number of frameworks built with Sass. Compass,
Bourbon, and Susy just to name a few.
http://sass-lang.com/
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
SCSS
‣ Sass has two syntaxes. The most commonly used syntax is known as
“SCSS” (for “Sassy CSS”), and is a superset of CSS3’s syntax. This
means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as well. SCSS
files use the extension .scss.
‣ The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just
“.sass”). Inspired by Haml’s terseness, it’s intended for people who
prefer conciseness over similarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and
semicolons, it uses the indentation of lines to specify blocks. Files in
the indented syntax use the extension .sass.
http://sass-lang.com/
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
SCSS
http://sass-lang.com/
$blue: #3bbfce;
$margin: 16px;
.content-navigation {
border-color: $blue;
color: darken($blue, 9%);
}
.border {
padding: $margin / 2;
margin: $margin / 2;
border-color: $blue;
}
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
SASS
http://sass-lang.com/
$blue: #3bbfce
$margin: 16px
.content-navigation
border-color: $blue
color: darken($blue, 9%)
.border
padding: $margin / 2
margin: $margin / 2
border-color: $blue
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
SASS vs. SCSS?
http://thesassway.com/editorial/sass-vs-
scss-which-syntax-is-better
SCSS
Integrates better with
native CSS
SCSS
Lower barrier to entry
SCSS
Makes nesting harder
which is probably
better…
SASS
Less typing
SASS
Doesn’t complain
about punctuation as
frequently
SASS
Nicer to read
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
.teaser-box {
background-color: grey;
width: 100%;
}
.header-box {
background-color: grey;
width: 100%;
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 20px;
}
.sidebar-box {
background-color: grey;
border: 1px solid black;
width: 100%;
}
PLAIN OLD
CSS
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
@mixin grey-box {
background-color: grey;
width: 100%;
}
@mixin border {
border: 1px solid black;
}
$inner-padding: 20px;
.teaser-box, .sidebar-box, .header-box {
@include grey-box;
}
.sidebar-box, .header-box {
@include border;
}
.header-box {
padding: $inner-padding;
}
SCSS
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
<div class=“outer”>
<div class=“inner”>
<h3>Title</h3>
<p>Some text</p>
</div>
</div>
.outer .inner p,
.outer .inner h3 {
color: red;
}
PLAIN OLD
CSS
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
<div class=“outer”>
<div class=“inner”>
<h3>Title</h3>
<p>Some text</p>
</div>
</div>
.outer {
.inner {
p, h3 {
color: red;
}
}
}
SCSS
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
Some of the benefits
‣ Style-guide driven design
‣ Components and re-usable chunks
‣ More consistent look and feel, better browser compatibility
‣ Less repetition, less typing
‣ Time saved
‣ Better organised code
‣ Supercharged CSS with frameworks like Compass
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
Compass
‣ Compass is an open-source CSS Authoring Framework.
‣ Experience cleaner markup without presentational classes.
‣ It’s chock full of the web’s best reusable patterns.
‣ It makes creating sprites a breeze.
‣ Compass mixins make CSS3 easy.
‣ Create beautiful typographic rhythms.
‣ Download and create extensions with ease.
http://compass-style.org/
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
Compass
‣ http://compass-style.org/
‣ http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/utilities/color/contrast/
// Required variables
$contrasted-dark-default: black;
$contrasted-light-default: white;
// Function
contrast-color($color, $dark, $light, $threshold);
// Mixin
contrasted($background-color, $dark, $light, $threshold);
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
$contrasted-dark-default: black;
$contrasted-light-default: white;
.div {
@include contrasted(#000000);
}
// Compiles as…
.div {
background-color: #000000;
color: #ffffff;
}
SCSS
COMPILED
CSS
5CSS PREPROCESSORS
$contrasted-dark-default: black;
$contrasted-light-default: white;
.div {
@include contrasted(#000000);
}
// Compiles as…
.div {
background-color: #000000;
color: #ffffff;
}
SCSS
COMPILED
CSS
Cool!
KEY OBJECTIVES
Get Sass and Compass running,
use a Compass function
EXERCISE: COMPASS
AGENDA
10 minutes 1. Open Terminal
2. $ gem install bundler
3. $ bundle install
4. bundle exec compass watch
5. Open “rwd” in Sublime
6. Edit style.scss
DELIVERABLE
Working SASS code with use of
one Compass function or mixin
7
RESOURCES
Sublime, Bundler, Compass, your browser
GRIDS
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
NavLogo
Sideba
r
Main content area
5MEDIA QUERIES
width: 200px width: 70%
width: 70%
width: 30%
float: leſt float: leſt
float: leſt
float: leſt
margin-
bottom: 20px
margin-
bottom: 20px
margin-right:
20px
padding-
right: 20px
padding:
20px
5MEDIA QUERIES
NavLogo
Sideba
r
Main content area
@include
float-span(2)
@include
float-span(6)
@include
float-span(6)
@include
float-span(2)
margin-
bottom: 20px;
margin-
bottom: 20px;
// Symmetric grid with fluid
gutters, 1/2 gutter on each
side of a column
@include add-grid(8);
@include add-gutter(1/3);
@include add-gutter-
style('split');
5MEDIA QUERIES
NavLo
Sid
eba
r
Main content
area
@include
float-span(2)
@include
float-span(6)
@include
float-span(6)
@include
float-span(2)
5MEDIA QUERIES
NavLo
Sid
eba
r
Main content
area
5MEDIA QUERIES
Main content area
Teaser Teaser
@include
float-span(4)
@include
float-span(4)
5MEDIA QUERIES
NavLo
Sid
eba
r
Main content
area
Teaser Teaser
5MEDIA QUERIES
NavLo
Sid
eba
r
Main content
area
Teaser Teaser
NavLogo
Sideba
r
Main content area
Teaser Teaser
5MEDIA QUERIES
Get on the grid!
‣ Consistency in element sizing and spacing between elements
‣ Fixes rounding errors for you
‣ Float-based grids or absolutely positioned with margins
‣ Asymmetric, symmetric or arbitrarily organised grids
‣ Grids inside each element
‣ No need for fixed pixel width measurements
‣ Different grids can be defined for different breakpoints
5MEDIA QUERIES
150px 510px
750px
@include add-grid(3);
@include add-grid(6 at
500px);
@include add-grid(12 at
700px);
5MEDIA QUERIES
Breakpoints
‣ http://breakpoint-sass.com/
‣ Setting breakpoints allows you to create “really simple, organised
media queries with Sass”
‣ Use breakpoints inside elements or outside of them
‣ Give media queries meaningful names
‣ Simplified syntax for media queries
‣ Flexible and works with various different approaches
5MEDIA QUERIES
// Set up breakpoints
$smallish: 500px;
.cool-div {
@include breakpoint($smallish) {
background-color: blue;
}
}
5MEDIA QUERIES
// Set up breakpoints
$smallish: 0px 500px;
$largeish: 501px 1200px
.cool-div {
@include breakpoint($smallish) {
background-color: blue;
}
@include breakpoint($largeish) {
background-color: red;
}
}
Set breakpoints as
ranges
Leverage breakpoints
to create “ranges”
where your styles
apply
5MEDIA QUERIES
// Set up breakpoints
$smallish: 0px 500px;
$largeish: 501px 1200px
.cool-div, .uncool-div {
@include breakpoint($smallish) {
@include float-span(8);
}
@include breakpoint($largeish) {
@include float-span(4);
}
}
<div class=“wrapper”>
<div class=“cool-div”></
div>
<div class=“uncool-
div”></div>
</div>
5MEDIA QUERIES
Mobile Desktop
.cool-div
.uncool-
div
.cool-div
.uncool-
div
Control your
responsive stacking
Breakpoints and grids
allow you to fine-tune
layouts at different
widths
5MEDIA QUERIES
Use breakpoints
where appropriate
Screens aren’t all the
same size. More
screens exist than
Apple screens. Change
your layout where it
breaks, not where
screens start and end.
KEY OBJECTIVES
Install a simple grid system for
your web page
EXERCISE: GRIDS
AGENDA
10 minutes 1. Set up a simple grid with Singularity
2. Make some divs and position them with
@include float-span
3. Set up some breakpoints
4. Change the float-spans at a different
breakpoint
DELIVERABLE
Insert deliverable/outcome
7
RESOURCES
Sublime, browser
DEVELOPING FOR
DEVICES
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
Retina support
‣ “Retina Display” is a brand used by Apple that have higher pixel
density than previous models. But high density screens aren’t just
Apple.
‣ iPhone 4 and above
‣ iPad 3 and above
‣ A whole bunch of Android devices
‣ Macbook Pro w/ Retina
‣ 4k and 5k iMacs now exist
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
Retina support
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
Retina support - what does it mean?
‣ Images are doubled in height and width to compensate for smaller
pixels
‣ If you have an image that has a low resolution suitable for non-retina
screens, it will look crap on a retina screen
‣ Various workarounds exist for this, including <img srcset> and
various Javascript libraries
‣ For a lot of images, the best solution is to just double it up and reduce
the JPG quality
‣ http://www.netvlies.nl/blog/design-interactie/retina-revolution
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
Retina images look better for everyone
RETINA IMAGE
Native size 600 x 400
JPG compression 31%
Size: 16kb
NON-RETINA IMAGE
Native size 300 x 200
JPG compression 80%
Size: 21kb
ACTUALLY
SMALLER!
5MEDIA QUERIES
<img src=“retina-eye600x400.jpg” width=“300”
height=“200”>
Retina images look better for everyone
EASY!
ONLY ONE
IMAGE!
SMALLER FILE
SIZE!
<IMG> only
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
It’s not just for those types of images…
‣ We use images for all kinds of things including decoration, illustration,
logos and icons
‣ Icons particularly start looking bad without retina support - pixelated,
sometimes unrecognisable
‣ SVG to the rescue!
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
It’s not just for those types of images…
‣ We use images for all kinds of things including decoration, illustration,
logos and icons
‣ Icons particularly start looking bad without retina support - pixelated,
sometimes unrecognisable
‣ SVG to the rescue!
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
SVG?
‣ “Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image
format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and
animation.”
‣ Small file size, compresses well and scales to ANY SIZE without losing
clarity
‣ Looks great on retina
‣ You can even control it via CSS including colours, filters and even
animation
‣ https://css-tricks.com/using-svg/
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
SVG icons in Icon Fonts
‣ Remember wingdings? Icon fonts are actual fonts that have icons
instead of letters… designed by you!
‣ Icon fonts use SVG with fallbacks to normal fonts like .otf
‣ Font Awesome (fortawesome.github.io) is the original
‣ I like to use a tool called Icomoon https://icomoon.io/
‣ When your icons are SVG, they look great on all devices!
‣ Make sure you have a fallback in place - Filament Group suggest
unicode or emoji!
‣ https://www.filamentgroup.com/lab/bulletproof_icon_fonts.html
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
http://fortawesome.github.io/Font-Awesome/icon/bars/
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
Testing, testing and more testing
‣ Nothing beats testing on an actual device
‣ http://melbourne.opendevicelab.com.au/
‣ If you’ve got iOS devices, you can plug them in to your computer and
use Safari
‣ Xcode’s device emulator supports SDKs for various iOS devices
‣ Google Chrome’s emulator gives you a sense for different devices,
screen sizes, pixel densities and more
‣ Don’t forget about retina!
KEY OBJECTIVES
Demonstrate ability to create
websites for devices with Retina
support
EXERCISE: DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
AGENDA
15 minutes 1. Create a double-up image using the JPG
compression method and HTML size
attributes
2. Implement an icon font and show an icon
on the page
3. If you have it, bring up the xCode device
emulator and open a site in itDELIVERABLE
Some images that are Retina
friendly
7
RESOURCES
Sublime text, an image from Google, Font Awesome
https://fortawesome.github.io/Font-Awesome/
DEVELOPING FOR
OLDER BROWSERS
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES
5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
People still use IE7
‣ People still use old browsers and that’s just reality
‣ That said you probably don’t need to stress over IE7 and IE6 anymore
‣ But that depends entirely on your context and audience…
‣ IE8 is has had support deprecated by Microsoft
‣ IE9 almost behaves like a normal browser… almost…
‣ That said, you can’t make assumptions and for various reasons you
should consider how your responsive site will fare with the older IEs
5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
Progressive enhancement
‣ Focuses on accessibility and semantic HTML
‣ Graceful degradation where cool things aren’t supported
‣ This also takes in to account screen readers and other devices that
might not have the cool tricks we use for Chrome and Firefox
‣ Your site should be usable without CSS or Javascript turned on at all!
5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
Progressive enhancement
‣ Create fallbacks for icon fonts
‣ Use the Yep/Nope Javascript library
‣ KISS - keep it simple, stupid!
‣ Remember that IE8 doesn’t support media queries so you’ll need to
make sure it doesn’t go haywire
‣ IE9 and IE8 both have limits including maximum selectors, maximum
fonts and just general sluggishness
‣ There’s always http://outdatedbrowser.com/
5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
Don’t make assumptions - test!
‣ Microsoft know that people need special tools to develop for their
browsers
‣ https://dev.modern.ie/ + https://www.virtualbox.org/ = you can open
up a Windows computer as a program running on your Mac
‣ Remember that various different IE versions require various different
Windows versions. You can download them individually at modern.ie
or more tech savvy can get them all with https://github.com/xdissent/
ievms
‣ https://saucelabs.com/ is another option but much slower and harder
to debug
5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
Compass has lots of options to help
‣ When you get to actually fixing bugs and writing code that is cross-
browser compatible, Compass is really useful
‣ http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/support/
‣ Takes care of vendor prefixing, fallbacks and is configurable so you
can choose what and what not to support
KEY OBJECTIVES
Open a website up on a
Virtualbox Windows Machine
EXERCISE: DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS
AGENDA
10 minutes 1. Download a VM from modern.ie
2. Install it on Virtualbox
3. Run IE and open Developer Tools to
inspect markup
DELIVERABLE
VirtualBox X-browser testing
setup
7
RESOURCES
VirtualBox, modern.ie
USEFUL JAVASCRIPT
LIBRARIES
RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
5USEFUL JAVASCRIPT LIBRARIES
There are amazing things made to help you!
‣ jQuery MatchHeights http://brm.io/jquery-match-height/
‣ Backstretch http://srobbin.com/jquery-plugins/backstretch/
‣ Fitvids http://fitvidsjs.com/
‣ Swiper http://www.idangero.us/swiper/
‣ Mmenu http://mmenu.frebsite.nl/
‣ Dot Dot Dot http://dotdotdot.frebsite.nl/
‣ Waypoints http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/
‣ Find more at http://www.jqueryrain.com/
5USEFUL JAVASCRIPT LIBRARIES
Be careful
‣ Remember that Javascript adds performance overheads so use it
sparingly
‣ Run Javascript only on Desktop if possible, and make sure you aren’t
triggering it unnecessarily on mobile devices
‣ But also - when optimising for performance, make sure you are testing
and not assuming!
KEY OBJECTIVES
Install a Javascript library and
have a play
EXERCISE
AGENDA
Whatever
remains…
1. Download one of the libraries from the
previous slide
2. Create applicable markup
3. Trigger the library’s support
DELIVERABLE
Insert deliverable/outcome
7
RESOURCES
Javascript libraries, your project, Sublime
DISCUSSION TIME
15RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
THANKS!
16RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
equiem.com.au
meeli.jane@gmail.com

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RWD

  • 2. Responsive web development workshop AGENDA ‣ What is responsive ‣ Responsive web design ‣ Media queries ‣ CSS preprocessors ‣ Grids ‣ Developing for devices ‣ Developing for older browsers ‣ Javascript libraries 2 105 slides 3 hours Let’s go!
  • 3. INTRODUCTION 3 You’ll need: ‣ Sublime Text http://www.sublimetext.com/ ‣ Xcode https://developer.apple.com/xcode/ ‣ Git https://git-scm.com/ ‣ Bundler http://bundler.io/ and Ruby installed on your computer ‣ VirtualBox https://www.virtualbox.org/ ‣ Windows boxes https://dev.modern.ie/ ‣ A positive attitude :)
  • 4. INTRODUCTION 3 About me ‣ I have been working as a web developer for four years ‣ I work at a tech startup called Equiem as Lead Front-end Developer & UX Developer ‣ I work with SCSS, Javascript, jQuery and PHP day to day ‣ I’m largely taught by my mentors and the internet
  • 5. INTRODUCTION 3 Workshop format ‣ This is an interactive workshop and you’ll be completing tasks as we go along ‣ Please ask any questions, let’s keep this a dialogue ‣ If you can’t do something because of lack of installed programs or you don’t have the skillz, that’s cool, we can modify for different levels ‣ We’ll start off beginner and move towards more advanced ‣ Don’t worry, and have fun!
  • 6. WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 7. 5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? The world is changing ‣ 34% of smartphone users go online mostly using their phones, and not on a desktop, laptop, or other device ‣ People using a desktop computer to search online will increase from 1.4 billion to 1.6 billion users in 2015. ‣ People searching online using a smartphone will increase from 800 million to 1.9 billion users in 2015 https://www.bopdesign.com/bop-blog/2015/02/responsive-web-design-statistics/
  • 8. 5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? Responsive is one method of making a single website that works across various screen sizes
  • 11. ‣ https://www.bostonglobe.com/ WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? 11WHAT IS RESPONSIVE?
  • 12. 5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? What it’s not: ‣ “m Dot” eg. http://m.theage.com.au/ ‣ Adaptive ‣ Liquid ‣ Static (http://www.liquidapsive.com/) Fixed Fixed websites have a set width and resizing the browser or viewing it on different devices won’t affect on the way the website looks. Adaptive Adaptive websites introduce media queries to target specific device sizes, like smaller monitors, tablets, and mobile. Fluid Fluid websites are built using % for widths. Columns are relative to one another and the browser can scale up and down fluidly. “m dot” m.website.com is a separate codebase with the same database, essentially an entirely different “skin” for a site built for mobile only.
  • 13. 5WHAT IS RESPONSIVE? Responsive is… ‣ The same website, the same code, the same database, but displayed differently on different screens due to the use of… ‣ …media queries, which can be leveraged in powerful ways via grid systems and breakpoints ‣ The idea that the web is not just one size, or three sizes, but any possible size on an ever-expanding set of devices, including the Internet Of Things revolution ‣ A design decision, a suite of web tools, a paradigm…
  • 14. KEY OBJECTIVES Download the base repo EXERCISE 1: SETUP AGENDA 5 minutes 1. Open up terminal 2. $ git clone git@github.com:meelijane/ rwd.git 3. Open up index.html 4. View it in your browser DELIVERABLE The base repo appearing in your browser 7 RESOURCES Sublime Text, a Github account, git for command line and a browser
  • 15. RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 16. 5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Start with the right tools ‣ Designing for multiple screen sizes means that static design deliverables will be hard to work with ‣ Client sign-off can get confusing with RWD ‣ Photoshop is a photo editing tool ‣ PSDs can make it hard to keep track of revisions ‣ Whether you’re working Agile or Waterfall (and I recommend Agile), working with responsive design will require you to be fluid as well
  • 17. 5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Start with the right ideas ‣ Style-guide driven design ‣ Component-based design ‣ Your designer will need to get familiar with responsive web concepts like HTML basics, CSS basics e.g. floats, web typography ‣ Prototype, prototype and prototype some more ‣ Design to a grid ‣ Webflow https://webflow.com/ ‣ http://macaw.co/
  • 18. 5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Some things to watch out for ‣ Patterns taken from print design that might not work in a fluid context ‣ Client sign-off on static designs ‣ No content provided before designs start ‣ No context provided for designs eg. user research ‣ Using Lorem Ipsum in place of any real content http://slides.com/equiem/red-flags#/
  • 21. 5RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Start with the content ‣ You can’t build a responsive website without an understanding of its content ‣ Create a content strategy and/or obtain the actual content before you get started with visual design ‣ It’s important for responsive design, accessibility and SEO that your content is semantic and web-ready
  • 22. “95% of the information on the web is written language. It is only logical to say that a web designer should get good training in the main discipline of shaping written information, in other words: Typography.” 6 Oliver Reichenstein RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
  • 23. 6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag <img src=“…”> <div> <p> <h2>
  • 24. KEY OBJECTIVES Understand how responsive design can be incompatible with certain design patterns EXERCISE: RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN AGENDA 10 minutes 1. Create the markup to generate a text and image teaser where the image and text sit side by side, and the whole teaser is bounded by a box 2. Resize the browser and observe DELIVERABLE A text and image teaser in your browser 7 RESOURCES The repo from the last exercise
  • 25. 6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag
  • 26. 6RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag Here is a great teaser about this cat on a beanbag.The image has a fixed ratio (use the <img> tag) and there is just enough text in this box to fill up the available space.You can use lorem if you want. Cat on a bag
  • 27. WHAT IS CSS? RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 28. 5WHAT IS CSS? CSS is the language for describing the presentation of Web pages, including colors, layout, and fonts. It allows one to adapt the presentation to different types of devices, such as large screens, small screens, or printers. CSS is independent of HTML and can be used with any XML- based markup language.The separation of HTML from CSS makes it easier to maintain sites, share style sheets across pages, and tailor pages to different environments.This is referred to as the separation of structure (or: content) from presentation. https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss#whatcss
  • 29. 5WHAT IS CSS? Cascading style sheets ‣ A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors, and a declaration block. .big-box { background-color: red; } Rule
  • 30. 5WHAT IS CSS? Cascading style sheets ‣ Selectors may apply to: ‣ all elements of a specific type, e.g. the second-level headers h2 ‣ elements specified by attribute, in particular: ‣ id: an identifier unique within to the document ‣ class: an identifier that can annotate multiple elements in a document ‣ elements depending on how they are placed relative to others in the document tree.
  • 31. 5WHAT IS CSS? Cascading style sheets .big-box { background-color: red; } Selector
  • 32. 5WHAT IS CSS? Cascading style sheets ‣ A declaration block consists of a list of declarations in braces. ‣ Each declaration itself consists of a property, a colon (:), and a value. ‣ If there are multiple declarations in a block, a semi-colon (;) must be inserted to separate each declaration. .big-box { background-color: red; } Declaration block https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets
  • 33. 5WHAT IS CSS? Inheritance ‣ Inheritance is a key feature of CSS ‣ Descendant elements may inherit CSS property values from any ancestor element enclosing them. <div class=“box”> <p class=“paragraph”> <span>CSS is awesome!</span> </p> </div> Nested HTML elements
  • 34. 5WHAT IS CSS? Inheritance ‣ In general, descendant elements inherit text-related properties, but box-related properties are not inherited. Properties that can be inherited are color, font, letter-spacing, line-height, list-style, text- align, text-indent, text-transform, visibility, white-space and word- spacing. ‣ Properties that cannot be inherited are background, border, display, float and clear, height, and width, margin, min- and max-height and - width, outline, overflow, padding, position, text-decoration, vertical- align and z-index.
  • 35. 5WHAT IS CSS? Inheritance <div class=“box”> <p class=“paragraph”> <span>CSS is awesome!</span> </p> </div> .box { color: pink; } This text will be pink
  • 37. MEDIA QUERIES RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 38. 5MEDIA QUERIES https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries A media query consists of a media type and at least one expression that limits the style sheets' scope by using media features, such as width, height, and color. Media queries, added in CSS3, let the presentation of content be tailored to a specific range of output devices without having to change the content itself. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
  • 40. 5MEDIA QUERIES @media (min-width: 700px) { margin-bottom: 20px; } https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
  • 41. 5MEDIA QUERIES @media (min-width: 700px) and (orientation: landscape) { margin-bottom: 20px; } https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
  • 42. 5MEDIA QUERIES @media screen and (device-aspect-ration: 16/9){ margin-bottom: 20px; } https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
  • 43. KEY OBJECTIVES Change elements on a web page by use of media queries EXERCISE: MEDIA QUERIES AGENDA 5 minutes 1. Create a media query in the index.html file as <style> CSS 2. Inside the media query, target a div on the page and change its colour for < 400px screen width 3. Resize the window and check it out DELIVERABLE A web page with a box that changes colour when the screen is less than 400px wide 7 RESOURCES Sublime text, web browser
  • 44. CSS PREPROCESSORS RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 45. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS CSS is like painting ‣ You apply rules to selectors individually ‣ Selectors and rules become deeply connected ‣ Every element on a page is individually themed ‣ CSS is supposed to add “optional” styles to HTML, which should really be completely usable on its own ‣ It’s easy and very simple…
  • 46. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS CSS preprocessors are like… programming ‣ Variables ‣ Functions ‣ Parameters ‣ “Mixins” and “extends” ‣ Nesting ‣ Libraries ‣ DRY - don't repeat yourself
  • 47. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS SCSS ‣ Sass is an extension of CSS3 which adds nested rules, variables, mixins, selector inheritance, and more. Sass generates well formatted CSS and makes your stylesheets easier to organise and maintain. ‣ Sass is the most mature, stable, and powerful professional grade CSS extension language in the world. ‣ Sass is completely compatible with all versions of CSS ‣ There are endless number of frameworks built with Sass. Compass, Bourbon, and Susy just to name a few. http://sass-lang.com/
  • 48. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS SCSS ‣ Sass has two syntaxes. The most commonly used syntax is known as “SCSS” (for “Sassy CSS”), and is a superset of CSS3’s syntax. This means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as well. SCSS files use the extension .scss. ‣ The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just “.sass”). Inspired by Haml’s terseness, it’s intended for people who prefer conciseness over similarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and semicolons, it uses the indentation of lines to specify blocks. Files in the indented syntax use the extension .sass. http://sass-lang.com/
  • 49. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS SCSS http://sass-lang.com/ $blue: #3bbfce; $margin: 16px; .content-navigation { border-color: $blue; color: darken($blue, 9%); } .border { padding: $margin / 2; margin: $margin / 2; border-color: $blue; }
  • 50. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS SASS http://sass-lang.com/ $blue: #3bbfce $margin: 16px .content-navigation border-color: $blue color: darken($blue, 9%) .border padding: $margin / 2 margin: $margin / 2 border-color: $blue
  • 51. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS SASS vs. SCSS? http://thesassway.com/editorial/sass-vs- scss-which-syntax-is-better SCSS Integrates better with native CSS SCSS Lower barrier to entry SCSS Makes nesting harder which is probably better… SASS Less typing SASS Doesn’t complain about punctuation as frequently SASS Nicer to read
  • 52. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS .teaser-box { background-color: grey; width: 100%; } .header-box { background-color: grey; width: 100%; border: 1px solid black; padding: 20px; } .sidebar-box { background-color: grey; border: 1px solid black; width: 100%; } PLAIN OLD CSS
  • 53. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS @mixin grey-box { background-color: grey; width: 100%; } @mixin border { border: 1px solid black; } $inner-padding: 20px; .teaser-box, .sidebar-box, .header-box { @include grey-box; } .sidebar-box, .header-box { @include border; } .header-box { padding: $inner-padding; } SCSS
  • 54. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS <div class=“outer”> <div class=“inner”> <h3>Title</h3> <p>Some text</p> </div> </div> .outer .inner p, .outer .inner h3 { color: red; } PLAIN OLD CSS
  • 55. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS <div class=“outer”> <div class=“inner”> <h3>Title</h3> <p>Some text</p> </div> </div> .outer { .inner { p, h3 { color: red; } } } SCSS
  • 56. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS Some of the benefits ‣ Style-guide driven design ‣ Components and re-usable chunks ‣ More consistent look and feel, better browser compatibility ‣ Less repetition, less typing ‣ Time saved ‣ Better organised code ‣ Supercharged CSS with frameworks like Compass
  • 57. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS Compass ‣ Compass is an open-source CSS Authoring Framework. ‣ Experience cleaner markup without presentational classes. ‣ It’s chock full of the web’s best reusable patterns. ‣ It makes creating sprites a breeze. ‣ Compass mixins make CSS3 easy. ‣ Create beautiful typographic rhythms. ‣ Download and create extensions with ease. http://compass-style.org/
  • 58. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS Compass ‣ http://compass-style.org/ ‣ http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/utilities/color/contrast/ // Required variables $contrasted-dark-default: black; $contrasted-light-default: white; // Function contrast-color($color, $dark, $light, $threshold); // Mixin contrasted($background-color, $dark, $light, $threshold);
  • 59. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS $contrasted-dark-default: black; $contrasted-light-default: white; .div { @include contrasted(#000000); } // Compiles as… .div { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; } SCSS COMPILED CSS
  • 60. 5CSS PREPROCESSORS $contrasted-dark-default: black; $contrasted-light-default: white; .div { @include contrasted(#000000); } // Compiles as… .div { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; } SCSS COMPILED CSS Cool!
  • 61. KEY OBJECTIVES Get Sass and Compass running, use a Compass function EXERCISE: COMPASS AGENDA 10 minutes 1. Open Terminal 2. $ gem install bundler 3. $ bundle install 4. bundle exec compass watch 5. Open “rwd” in Sublime 6. Edit style.scss DELIVERABLE Working SASS code with use of one Compass function or mixin 7 RESOURCES Sublime, Bundler, Compass, your browser
  • 63. NavLogo Sideba r Main content area 5MEDIA QUERIES width: 200px width: 70% width: 70% width: 30% float: leſt float: leſt float: leſt float: leſt margin- bottom: 20px margin- bottom: 20px margin-right: 20px padding- right: 20px padding: 20px
  • 64. 5MEDIA QUERIES NavLogo Sideba r Main content area @include float-span(2) @include float-span(6) @include float-span(6) @include float-span(2) margin- bottom: 20px; margin- bottom: 20px; // Symmetric grid with fluid gutters, 1/2 gutter on each side of a column @include add-grid(8); @include add-gutter(1/3); @include add-gutter- style('split');
  • 67. 5MEDIA QUERIES Main content area Teaser Teaser @include float-span(4) @include float-span(4)
  • 69. 5MEDIA QUERIES NavLo Sid eba r Main content area Teaser Teaser NavLogo Sideba r Main content area Teaser Teaser
  • 70. 5MEDIA QUERIES Get on the grid! ‣ Consistency in element sizing and spacing between elements ‣ Fixes rounding errors for you ‣ Float-based grids or absolutely positioned with margins ‣ Asymmetric, symmetric or arbitrarily organised grids ‣ Grids inside each element ‣ No need for fixed pixel width measurements ‣ Different grids can be defined for different breakpoints
  • 71. 5MEDIA QUERIES 150px 510px 750px @include add-grid(3); @include add-grid(6 at 500px); @include add-grid(12 at 700px);
  • 72. 5MEDIA QUERIES Breakpoints ‣ http://breakpoint-sass.com/ ‣ Setting breakpoints allows you to create “really simple, organised media queries with Sass” ‣ Use breakpoints inside elements or outside of them ‣ Give media queries meaningful names ‣ Simplified syntax for media queries ‣ Flexible and works with various different approaches
  • 73. 5MEDIA QUERIES // Set up breakpoints $smallish: 500px; .cool-div { @include breakpoint($smallish) { background-color: blue; } }
  • 74. 5MEDIA QUERIES // Set up breakpoints $smallish: 0px 500px; $largeish: 501px 1200px .cool-div { @include breakpoint($smallish) { background-color: blue; } @include breakpoint($largeish) { background-color: red; } } Set breakpoints as ranges Leverage breakpoints to create “ranges” where your styles apply
  • 75. 5MEDIA QUERIES // Set up breakpoints $smallish: 0px 500px; $largeish: 501px 1200px .cool-div, .uncool-div { @include breakpoint($smallish) { @include float-span(8); } @include breakpoint($largeish) { @include float-span(4); } } <div class=“wrapper”> <div class=“cool-div”></ div> <div class=“uncool- div”></div> </div>
  • 76. 5MEDIA QUERIES Mobile Desktop .cool-div .uncool- div .cool-div .uncool- div Control your responsive stacking Breakpoints and grids allow you to fine-tune layouts at different widths
  • 77. 5MEDIA QUERIES Use breakpoints where appropriate Screens aren’t all the same size. More screens exist than Apple screens. Change your layout where it breaks, not where screens start and end.
  • 78. KEY OBJECTIVES Install a simple grid system for your web page EXERCISE: GRIDS AGENDA 10 minutes 1. Set up a simple grid with Singularity 2. Make some divs and position them with @include float-span 3. Set up some breakpoints 4. Change the float-spans at a different breakpoint DELIVERABLE Insert deliverable/outcome 7 RESOURCES Sublime, browser
  • 80. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES Retina support ‣ “Retina Display” is a brand used by Apple that have higher pixel density than previous models. But high density screens aren’t just Apple. ‣ iPhone 4 and above ‣ iPad 3 and above ‣ A whole bunch of Android devices ‣ Macbook Pro w/ Retina ‣ 4k and 5k iMacs now exist
  • 82. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES Retina support - what does it mean? ‣ Images are doubled in height and width to compensate for smaller pixels ‣ If you have an image that has a low resolution suitable for non-retina screens, it will look crap on a retina screen ‣ Various workarounds exist for this, including <img srcset> and various Javascript libraries ‣ For a lot of images, the best solution is to just double it up and reduce the JPG quality ‣ http://www.netvlies.nl/blog/design-interactie/retina-revolution
  • 83. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES Retina images look better for everyone RETINA IMAGE Native size 600 x 400 JPG compression 31% Size: 16kb NON-RETINA IMAGE Native size 300 x 200 JPG compression 80% Size: 21kb ACTUALLY SMALLER!
  • 84. 5MEDIA QUERIES <img src=“retina-eye600x400.jpg” width=“300” height=“200”> Retina images look better for everyone EASY! ONLY ONE IMAGE! SMALLER FILE SIZE! <IMG> only
  • 85. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES It’s not just for those types of images… ‣ We use images for all kinds of things including decoration, illustration, logos and icons ‣ Icons particularly start looking bad without retina support - pixelated, sometimes unrecognisable ‣ SVG to the rescue!
  • 86. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES It’s not just for those types of images… ‣ We use images for all kinds of things including decoration, illustration, logos and icons ‣ Icons particularly start looking bad without retina support - pixelated, sometimes unrecognisable ‣ SVG to the rescue!
  • 87. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES SVG? ‣ “Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation.” ‣ Small file size, compresses well and scales to ANY SIZE without losing clarity ‣ Looks great on retina ‣ You can even control it via CSS including colours, filters and even animation ‣ https://css-tricks.com/using-svg/
  • 88. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES SVG icons in Icon Fonts ‣ Remember wingdings? Icon fonts are actual fonts that have icons instead of letters… designed by you! ‣ Icon fonts use SVG with fallbacks to normal fonts like .otf ‣ Font Awesome (fortawesome.github.io) is the original ‣ I like to use a tool called Icomoon https://icomoon.io/ ‣ When your icons are SVG, they look great on all devices! ‣ Make sure you have a fallback in place - Filament Group suggest unicode or emoji! ‣ https://www.filamentgroup.com/lab/bulletproof_icon_fonts.html
  • 90. 5DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES Testing, testing and more testing ‣ Nothing beats testing on an actual device ‣ http://melbourne.opendevicelab.com.au/ ‣ If you’ve got iOS devices, you can plug them in to your computer and use Safari ‣ Xcode’s device emulator supports SDKs for various iOS devices ‣ Google Chrome’s emulator gives you a sense for different devices, screen sizes, pixel densities and more ‣ Don’t forget about retina!
  • 91. KEY OBJECTIVES Demonstrate ability to create websites for devices with Retina support EXERCISE: DEVELOPING FOR DEVICES AGENDA 15 minutes 1. Create a double-up image using the JPG compression method and HTML size attributes 2. Implement an icon font and show an icon on the page 3. If you have it, bring up the xCode device emulator and open a site in itDELIVERABLE Some images that are Retina friendly 7 RESOURCES Sublime text, an image from Google, Font Awesome https://fortawesome.github.io/Font-Awesome/
  • 92. DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 94. 5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS People still use IE7 ‣ People still use old browsers and that’s just reality ‣ That said you probably don’t need to stress over IE7 and IE6 anymore ‣ But that depends entirely on your context and audience… ‣ IE8 is has had support deprecated by Microsoft ‣ IE9 almost behaves like a normal browser… almost… ‣ That said, you can’t make assumptions and for various reasons you should consider how your responsive site will fare with the older IEs
  • 95. 5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS Progressive enhancement ‣ Focuses on accessibility and semantic HTML ‣ Graceful degradation where cool things aren’t supported ‣ This also takes in to account screen readers and other devices that might not have the cool tricks we use for Chrome and Firefox ‣ Your site should be usable without CSS or Javascript turned on at all!
  • 96. 5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS Progressive enhancement ‣ Create fallbacks for icon fonts ‣ Use the Yep/Nope Javascript library ‣ KISS - keep it simple, stupid! ‣ Remember that IE8 doesn’t support media queries so you’ll need to make sure it doesn’t go haywire ‣ IE9 and IE8 both have limits including maximum selectors, maximum fonts and just general sluggishness ‣ There’s always http://outdatedbrowser.com/
  • 97. 5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS Don’t make assumptions - test! ‣ Microsoft know that people need special tools to develop for their browsers ‣ https://dev.modern.ie/ + https://www.virtualbox.org/ = you can open up a Windows computer as a program running on your Mac ‣ Remember that various different IE versions require various different Windows versions. You can download them individually at modern.ie or more tech savvy can get them all with https://github.com/xdissent/ ievms ‣ https://saucelabs.com/ is another option but much slower and harder to debug
  • 98. 5DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS Compass has lots of options to help ‣ When you get to actually fixing bugs and writing code that is cross- browser compatible, Compass is really useful ‣ http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/support/ ‣ Takes care of vendor prefixing, fallbacks and is configurable so you can choose what and what not to support
  • 99. KEY OBJECTIVES Open a website up on a Virtualbox Windows Machine EXERCISE: DEVELOPING FOR OLDER BROWSERS AGENDA 10 minutes 1. Download a VM from modern.ie 2. Install it on Virtualbox 3. Run IE and open Developer Tools to inspect markup DELIVERABLE VirtualBox X-browser testing setup 7 RESOURCES VirtualBox, modern.ie
  • 101. 5USEFUL JAVASCRIPT LIBRARIES There are amazing things made to help you! ‣ jQuery MatchHeights http://brm.io/jquery-match-height/ ‣ Backstretch http://srobbin.com/jquery-plugins/backstretch/ ‣ Fitvids http://fitvidsjs.com/ ‣ Swiper http://www.idangero.us/swiper/ ‣ Mmenu http://mmenu.frebsite.nl/ ‣ Dot Dot Dot http://dotdotdot.frebsite.nl/ ‣ Waypoints http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/ ‣ Find more at http://www.jqueryrain.com/
  • 102. 5USEFUL JAVASCRIPT LIBRARIES Be careful ‣ Remember that Javascript adds performance overheads so use it sparingly ‣ Run Javascript only on Desktop if possible, and make sure you aren’t triggering it unnecessarily on mobile devices ‣ But also - when optimising for performance, make sure you are testing and not assuming!
  • 103. KEY OBJECTIVES Install a Javascript library and have a play EXERCISE AGENDA Whatever remains… 1. Download one of the libraries from the previous slide 2. Create applicable markup 3. Trigger the library’s support DELIVERABLE Insert deliverable/outcome 7 RESOURCES Javascript libraries, your project, Sublime
  • 104. DISCUSSION TIME 15RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
  • 105. THANKS! 16RESPONSIVE WEB DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP equiem.com.au meeli.jane@gmail.com