The document discusses motivation and motives in business contexts. It defines motivation, motive, and need. It presents McClelland's motivational sequence model and describes how internal or external demands can trigger incentives and arouse motives that lead to actions. It discusses why motivation is important to study in business and cites a study finding that a power motive pattern correlates with managerial success for lower and higher level managers. It then defines the power, achievement, and affiliation motives and notes that motives depend on circumstances and incentives.
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Motivation:
1.a - The act or process of motivating.
1.b - The state of being motivated.
2. - Something that motivates; an inducement or incentive.
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Motivation:
1.a – The act or process of motivating.
1.b – The state of being motivated.
2. Something that motivates; an inducement or incentive.
Motive:
1. An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that
acts as an incitement to action.
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Motivation:
1.a – The act or process of motivating.
1.b – The state of being motivated.
2. Something that motivates; an inducement or incentive.
Motive:
1. An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that
acts as an incitement to action.
Need:
1. A condition or situation in which something is required or wanted:
crops in need of water; a need for affection.
2. Something required or wanted; a requisite.
3. Necessity; obligation.
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Motivational Sequence:
Internal or external demand→
Incentive(s) triggered by demand & current disposition toward
incentive(s)→
Motivation aroused if inclined→
Factors affecting behavior:
Cognitions & Values & Attitudes
Habits & Skills
Opportunities
→Action
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Motivational Sequence:
Internal or external demand→
Hunger Pangs or Being Told Food is Served
Incentive(s) triggered by demand & current disposition toward
incentive(s)→
To Eat & Want to Eat (or not)
Motive aroused if inclined→
To Eat
→Action
Move to Eat
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Motivational Sequence:
Internal or external demand→
Boss Says, “Create a Presentation”
Incentive(s) triggered by demand & current disposition toward
incentive(s)→
To Succeed, To Complete a Task Successfully, To Excel & Interest In
Doing So
Motive aroused if inclined→
To Achieve
→Action
Move to Complete Task
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Why Study Motivation in Business:
“High n Achievement was associated with managerial success at lower
levels of non-technical management jobs, in which promotion
depends more on individual contributions than it does at higher levels.
At the higher levels, in which promotion depends on demonstrated
ability to manage others, a high n Achievement is not associated with
success; by contrast, the leadership motive pattern [moderate to high n
Power with, low n Affiliation, and high Activity Inhibition or self-
control] is so associated, in all likelihood because it involves a high n
Power, emerging as a concern for influencing people.”
_______
237 Managers at AT&T after 8 and 16 years
McClelland, D. C. & Boyatzis, R. E. Leadership Motive Pattern and Long-Term
Success in Management. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1982, Vol. 67, No. 6,
737-743.
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The Power Motive:
Interest in a good reputation, interest in a position with status, interest in
the ability to influence others, interest in the authority to direct,
supervise, and control the behavior or others, interest in competing
against and dominating others.
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The Power Motive:
Interest in a good reputation, interest in a position with status, interest in
the ability to influence others, interest in the authority to direct,
supervise, and control the behavior or others, interest in competing
against and dominating others.
The Achievement Motive:
Interest in competing against a standard more than against others, set
high standards for achievement/accomplishment, develop new and
original ideas, content to go off and work alone, and sets long-range
objectives.
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The Power Motive:
Interest in a good reputation, interest in a position with status, interest in
the ability to influence others, interest in the authority to direct,
supervise, and control the behavior or others, interest in competing
against and dominating others.
The Achievement Motive:
Interest in competing against a standard more than against others, set
high standards for achievement/accomplishment, develop new and
original ideas, content to go off and work alone, and sets long-range
objectives.
The Affiliation Motive:
Interest in or need to be liked and accepted by others, interest in positive
interpersonal relationships, likes to work with people, and likes to
minimize conflicts.
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Please note that all motives are dynamic depending on circumstances
(internal and external demands) and current disposition toward
incentives triggered by demands. Context is important.
Please also note that the Power, Achievement, and Affiliation motives
are rarely pure. Typically, more than one motive will be have weight
in the formula that leads to action. Over time, preferences or priorities
emerge, nonetheless.
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Hand count of those who think of themselves as motived primarily by:
Power
Achievement
Affiliation
Now a volunteer to tell story of a significant and satisfactory work event:
Role
Reason for Satisfaction
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Additional Implications:
The Peter Principle:
"In a Hierarchy Every Employee Tends to Rise to His Level of
Incompetence."
Predictable Challenges to the Fit Between an Individual's Motivational
Priorities and the Role He or She Plays in the Organization:
Promotion/transfer into a managerial role from a role demanding high
achievement or affiliation
Change in organization and motivational culture
A hierarchical organization vs. A collaborative organization