S2 GE Handout - Settlements (Teacher)
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This document provides information on rural and urban settlements, as well as different settlement patterns. Rural settlements typically have buildings not closely spaced, a small population size, and people involved in activities like farming, fishing, or mining. Urban settlements have closely spaced buildings, a large population size, and people involved in manufacturing, business, or services. Settlement patterns include linear settlements along transport routes, nucleated settlements with clustered buildings around a central node, and dispersed settlements with individually scattered buildings over a wide area.
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S2 GE Handout - Settlements (Teacher)
- 1. Prepared by Ms Lena Teo Teacher’s copy EDGEFIELD SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY TWO GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER TWO: SETTLEMENT Geographer’s name: ____________________________ ( ) Class: 2 _____ Date: ____________ #1 Characteristics of Rural & Urban Settlements Physical environment Settlement’s main function People’s way of life (lifestyle) Large river / Sea Fishing Fisherman Farm land / Padi fields Growing crops / cultivating rice Farmers Gold mine Mining Miners Mountainous areas / Forested areas Hunting Hunter & gatherers A. Rural settlement GENERAL FEATURES OF A RURAL SETTLEMENT: • Buildings generally not closely spaced. • Size and density: There is a small population size and it is sparsely populated. • Main functions: Majority of the people in rural settlements are involved in fishing, mining, hunting, growing of crops or rearing of livestock. • Few amenities: Lacking in amenities to cater to people’s daily needs (eg schools, highways, hospitals, clinics, supermarkets and post offices). o Electricity and piped water may also be not readily available. • Way of life: People’s lives are closely related to the settlement’s physical environment and main function. B. Urban settlement GENERAL FEATURES OF AN URBAN SETTLEMENT: • People live in buildings that are built close together (eg high-rise flats/skyscrapers). • Size and density: There is a large population size and it is densely populated. • Main functions: Majority of the people in urban settlements are involved in manufacturing, business or the production and distribution of goods and services. • Many amenities: A wide range of goods & services are provided (eg merchandise, electronics, banking/financial services). o Water & electricity are readily available. o There are well-developed transport networks. o Air & sea ports also are present. • Way of life: People are mainly involved in providing goods and services, and thus they earn relatively higher incomes.
- 2. Prepared by Ms Lena Teo Teacher’s copy #2 Settlement Patterns • It provides useful information to help identify and describe certain settlement patterns in an area. • They can reveal the history of a settlement, its dominant functions, the population density and the people’s way of life. I can look at topographical maps to study settlement patterns • It shows how buildings are arranged in a settlement. o Rural settlements are usually linear, nucleated or dispersed. o Urban settlements are generally linear, or nucleated. What is a settlement pattern? 1) Linear settlement What is it? • Linear settlements are located along main transport routes (eg. roads, railways, rivers & canals). • It has a small to moderate size and population density. How & why linear settlements develop? • Transport routes tend to be in a linear pattern, so settlement also follows the same linear pattern. • Easy access to transportation and routes serve as a source of livelihood for the people living in such settlements (e.g. fishermen living along a river may easily transport their catch for sale via river). 2) Nucleated settlement What is it? • Nucleated settlements are made up of buildings clustered together in a compact area, which is usually the meeting point of transport routes (a NODE). • Nucleated settlements tend to have more functions & amenities. o Therefore, they support a larger population size & have a high population density. • Usually found in more developed areas (eg towns/cities).
- 3. Prepared by Ms Lena Teo Teacher’s copy What is it? • Dispersed settlements are made up of individual buildings scattered over a wide area. o Buildings may be separated by large open spaces, farmlands, forests or grasslands. • It has a small population size and the population density is low. How & why dispersed settlements develop? • In places where natural resources or fertile soil is limited, people spread out to ensure there is enough land to cultivate crops or obtain resources from the ground. • Function of settlement may require large amounts of land (eg. cattle grazing land). • A mountainous physical environment causes homes and farms to be dispersed. • Land may be plentiful, so people have homes on large pieces of land. 3) Dispersed settlement How & why nucleated settlements develop? • The buildings are clustered together to allow sharing of resources (eg water and electricity). • Sometimes this could also be due to a shortage of flat land for the buildings to spread out. GLOSSARY o Mining: digging the earth to extract coal or other minerals (eg gold) o Amenities: useful facilities of a place (eg. schools, post offices, clinics, hospitals, gym) o Way of life: lifestyle o Goods: items that can be seen and touched (eg. clothes, electronic products, books) o Services: Services are provided by other people, such as doctors, lawyers, financial consultants, healthcare workers, dentists, barbers and waiters. o Densely populated: high population density (many people living per unit area) o Sparsely populated: low population density (few people living per unit area) o Node: point at which transport lines or roads intersect; a central or connecting point. o Nucleated: clustered together o Dispersed: scattered / spread out