The document provides guidance on general safety procedures for welding and cutting. It discusses factors like ventilation, protective clothing, equipment, and procedures for oxy-acetylene welding. Specific safety topics covered include ventilation requirements for different space dimensions and welder numbers, appropriate protective clothing like wool, proper use and storage of gas cylinders, checking for leaks, lighting and shutting down torches, preventing backfires and flashbacks, safely welding containers, and cleaning methods for containers that previously held combustible materials. Management is responsible for ensuring welders have proper ventilation and protection.
The document discusses safety guidelines for using portable grinders. It notes common hazards include high speed particles, inhaling dust, electric shock, noise, and musculoskeletal injuries. Common injuries are cuts, strains, and particles in the eyes. Proper personal protective equipment like goggles, face shields, gloves, and hearing protection are important. Operators must also use the correct wheel for the job, properly mount wheels, and maintain control of the grinder at all times.
The document provides guidance on hand and power tool safety. It describes general safety guidelines and regulations for proper use and maintenance of various types of hand tools, power tools, and personal protective equipment. Key points covered include inspecting tools for defects, wearing proper PPE like safety glasses, avoiding hazards from moving parts by using guards, following manufacturers' instructions, and keeping work areas uncluttered.
This document outlines welding and cutting hazards and procedures to prevent injuries. It discusses preparing the work area, inspecting equipment, using proper protective gear like eye protection and respiratory masks, preventing electric shock and fires, handling gas cylinders safely, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Following the proper safety measures and training employees is key to controlling hazards and maintaining a safe work environment.
This document outlines various welding safety hazards and recommendations for reducing risks. It identifies health hazards from welding fumes, gases and particles that can cause both short-term and long-term effects. It also discusses electrical, fire, explosion, trip, fall, compressed gas, and noise hazards. The document provides tips for identifying hazards, using engineering controls, protective equipment, and following basic safety rules to reduce risks when welding.
This document outlines various health and safety hazards associated with welding. It discusses hazards from gases and fumes, including exposure to heavy metals like chromium and nickel. Short term exposure can cause metal fume fever, while long term exposure increases cancer risks. Other risks include heat exposure, burns, electrical shock, fires or explosions from sparks near flammables, trips and falls, and hazards in confined spaces like low oxygen. The document recommends using proper ventilation, protective equipment like respirators, gloves, and clothing, and locking out energy sources to prevent electrical and other hazards.
This document discusses welding safety hazards and recommendations. It covers the health hazards of gases and fumes from welding, including both short-term effects like metal fume fever and long-term effects like increased cancer risks. It also addresses other safety issues such as burns, fires, explosions, confined space hazards, noise, electricity, and proper personal protective equipment. The document provides guidance on engineering controls, work practices, and PPE to reduce welding hazards.
Construction workers face a wide variety of hazards that can result in injury or death if proper precautions are not taken. Simple precautions can help avoid injuries from being in the "line of fire" of hazards such as heavy machinery, falling objects, welding sparks, and more. It is everyone's responsibility on a construction site to be aware of potential lines of fire, remain vigilant of changing work environments, and use appropriate protective equipment and safety measures.
This document provides information on safety practices for hand tools and grinding tools. It discusses hazards associated with both types of tools and outlines safety precautions and regulations. For hand tools, common hazards include tool misuse, improper maintenance, and loose or damaged parts. Grinding tools can cause injuries from contact with abrasive surfaces or failure of grinding wheels. The document recommends personal protective equipment, proper tool use and maintenance, guarding, training, and following manufacturer guidelines to prevent injuries when using hand and grinding tools.
This document provides safety guidelines for various types of metal work, including welding. It discusses general metal work safety, as well as safety procedures and hazards specifically related to gas welding, arc welding, MIG welding, and using plasma cutters. Personal protective equipment like helmets, gloves, and respirators are recommended to protect welders from burns, radiation, and inhalation of dangerous fumes. Proper ventilation and monitoring of cylinders is also emphasized to prevent fires and explosions from oxygen and flammable gases.
Manufacturing tools and Safety precautionsvigyanashram
Safety precautions outlines 16 rules for machine and workshop safety. It emphasizes that life is precious and those who do not follow safety rules risk harming themselves and others. The rules address keeping the workshop clean and clear of debris, ensuring safe electric connections, using protective gear like goggles and gloves for specific tasks, storing tools properly, keeping aisles clear, and maintaining first aid supplies.
This document provides an overview of welding safety regulations and guidelines. It summarizes OSHA regulations on gas welding (1926.350), arc welding (1926.351), fire prevention (1926.352), ventilation (1926.353), and preservative coatings (1926.354). Key safety topics covered include proper handling and storage of gas cylinders, use of protective equipment, fire hazards, ventilation requirements, and training on welding equipment and processes. The document aims to educate welders on health and safety risks and how to work safely according to OSHA standards.
Safe practices while Welding, Gas cutting and machining activitiesMohammad Kashif
This presentation contains safety practices to be followed by technicians while working on a job. The slides do not contain engineering details of the equipment or ISO , NFCA standards
Power tools can cause serious injuries if not properly maintained and safely operated. Workers should inspect tools for defects before each use, only use tools for their intended purposes, and wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Following manufacturers' instructions and maintaining good footing can help prevent accidents and injuries when operating power tools. Defective tools should be immediately taken out of service and reported to supervisors.
2.1 personal protective equipments (ppe) convertedMudit M. Saxena
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is any safety equipment worn to prevent workplace injuries. Training is required to understand when and how to use different types of PPE. A hazard assessment determines jobs requiring PPE use. Common PPE includes equipment for the head, eyes, face, hands, feet, body, hearing, and respiratory protection. Examples of PPE discussed in the document are safety glasses, goggles, face shields, gloves, steel-toed boots, ear plugs, dust masks, and respirators. Proper use, care, maintenance, and cleaning of PPE is important for effective protection.
The document outlines various workplace safety guidelines and procedures. It discusses the importance of working safely, proper personal protective equipment, emergency evacuation plans, safe operation of equipment like forklifts, identifying and avoiding death zones, lockout/tagout procedures, hazard communication, and medical emergencies. Disciplinary action may result from disregarding safety rules.
Fire & explosion hazards in welding -Safetynanikranthi
This document discusses welding hazards from fires and explosions. It notes that fires require only a heat source while explosions require heat or shock. Key causes of fires and explosions during welding include sparks and hot metal. The document outlines fire and explosion hazards from gases used in welding like oxygen and acetylene. It discusses OSHA regulations on managing ignition sources and flammable substances. Control measures include isolating fuels from sparks and using protective equipment. A case study describes a fatal explosion caused by welding sparks igniting vapors from unpurged tanks.
This document provides safety precautions for welding and cutting. It discusses hazards such as electric shock, electromagnetic radiation, fires and explosions, and harmful fumes and gases. Key precautions include wearing protective equipment like gloves, goggles and boots; ensuring adequate ventilation; checking equipment is grounded and in good condition; and having fire extinguishers available in case of emergency. The document also classifies different types of fires and their appropriate extinguishing methods.
Workers using hand and power tools may be exposed to various hazards such as flying objects or harmful dusts and fumes. Proper safety practices include regularly maintaining tools, using the right tool for the job, inspecting tools before use, wearing personal protective equipment like gloves and goggles, using tool guards as intended, and following manufacturers' instructions. Power tools require additional precautions like disconnecting when not in use, keeping others away from the work area, and ensuring cords are not damaged. Abrasive wheels should be carefully inspected for cracks before use and only operated within their rated limits.
This document discusses hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining controls according to OHSMS 45001:2018. It provides an overview of the hazard identification and risk assessment process, including defining hazards and risks, assessing probability and severity, and determining controls. The key steps in risk assessment are outlined, such as identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and recording findings. Templates for a HIRA matrix and register are also presented. Effective hazard identification and risk assessment is important for workplace safety and compliance with standards.
General Welding Safety Practices.138344336521672.OSEiyla Hamdan
This document provides an overview of general welding safety practices and hazards. It defines welding as a method of joining metal through fusion using heat. Key welding hazards discussed include radiation exposure, electric shock, fires and explosions, fumes and gases, confined spaces, and loud noise. The document outlines proper personal protective equipment including clothing, eye protection, and welding hoods. It also covers first aid procedures for cuts and other emergencies.
This document discusses welding safety hazards and regulations. It begins by describing past welding incidents that resulted in injuries or fatalities. Some key risks mentioned include falls, electrical hazards, fires, confined space hazards, and exposure to toxic fumes and gases. The document then outlines OSHA regulations on compressed gas cylinder safety, personal protective equipment, and controlling hazards like lead, hexavalent chromium, and heat exposure during welding operations. Protecting workers from these risks requires following safety protocols for cylinder handling and storage, electrical safety, housekeeping, ventilation, and use of proper protective equipment.
safety at work awards > the winner is welding editionMike Walberg
The document discusses welding safety and awards, mentioning that nice welding glasses, acrobatic welding, automatic cutting, hand welding, electric cables in water, flammable nylon, night welding, mig welding sets, and underwater and vintage welding can be dangerous and lead to accidents, with 200,000 welding accidents and 400 deaths of welders occurring annually from welding operations according to the cited source.
This document outlines a training course on fire safety that includes learning objectives, an overview of emergency procedures, common fire hazards, fire prevention tips, and how to correctly use a fire extinguisher. As part of the course, learners will participate in an emergency response drill and write a blog post discussing fire safety. The goal is for learners to understand emergency plans, identify fire risks, and demonstrate fire extinguisher usage.
A fire drill notice instructs students that if they hear the fire alarm, they should line up without pushing or bringing bags, follow their teacher down the stairs without running, and line up outside to be marked present.
This document summarizes a training presentation on the proper use of fire extinguishers. The presentation covers when fire extinguishers should and should not be used, how to choose the right type of extinguisher, how to operate an extinguisher using the PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep, and safety tips like evacuating if the fire is too large or dangerous. Fire types are classified and extinguishers are meant for small, incipient stage fires only.
The document outlines fire drill procedures for a school. It instructs that in the event of a fire, staff will activate the alarm and students will evacuate the building in a calm and orderly fashion, closing windows. Students will line up and walk quickly to the assembly point by the yellow gate, where teachers will take roll to account for all students and staff. Everyone must wait at the assembly point until the fire officer gives an all-clear before re-entering the building.
The presentation discusses fire fighting and prevention. It covers the importance of fire training and history, causes of fire, the fire triangle and methods of extinguishing fires. It also discusses the classification of fires, types of fire extinguishers such as CO2 and AFFF extinguishers, and how to properly use them. The success of firefighting depends on well maintained equipment, training, and knowing which type of extinguisher to use for different fire classifications.
This document announces the winners of a safety at work contest, with the city council maintenance team taking first place and a special prize awarded to the shooting gallery assistant. Various occupations are listed from 17th to 1st place, including delivery men, grinders, masons, welders, painters, shipyard mechanics, air conditioner installers, construction workers, experts in biological weapons, WMD warehouse managers, car mechanics, electricians, power cable installers, and aircraft mechanics.
This procedure outlines the steps for isolating and locking out pump #2 for maintenance. It specifies requiring proper personal protective equipment such as a hard hat, steel toe boots, and safety glasses. The procedure lists hazards like electrical and ergonomic risks and how to control them. It provides a checklist of steps to turn off the pump power at the main breaker, lock and tag switches and valves, and drain any remaining liquid before beginning maintenance.
This document provides information about welding processes and safety. It defines welding as a material joining process using heat and/or pressure. It describes different welding processes such as oxy-fuel gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. It discusses welding hazards, defects, joint types, and types of welds. The document outlines safety practices for welding, including personal protective equipment and ventilation. It also covers fire prevention and safe operation of welding equipment.
This document provides an overview of 5S, a methodology for organizing and standardizing a workplace. It discusses the five steps of 5S: Sort, Set In Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. Implementing 5S helps improve efficiency, productivity, safety, and control while reducing mistakes and issues like absenteeism. The five steps establish processes for sorting items, arranging them logically, cleaning the workspace, setting standards, and sustaining discipline. Following 5S brings benefits like time savings, quick retrieval, minimized accidents and errors, increased space, and workplace ownership.
The National Fire Protection Association mandates that every fire extinguisher in every public facility be inspected monthly and serviced annually. There is an Android Smartphone app to modernize this process.
The document discusses various electrical safety topics including:
1) Ensuring proper clearances for overhead and underground electrical lines at the beginning of a site.
2) Checking temporary power panels and lights are properly installed, labeled, and circuits separated.
3) The differences between GFCIs and circuit breakers, with GFCIs required for temporary power protection.
4) Guidelines for proper extension cord usage including required gauges and prohibited uses.
5) Lockout/tagout procedures for controlling permanent power energization and requirements for energized work.
The presentation discusses firefighting techniques. It explains the fire triangle and methods of extinguishing fire by cooling, smothering, or starving the fire of fuel. The success of firefighting depends on well-maintained equipment, training, and using the correct extinguisher for each class of fire. It provides details on different types of fire extinguishers, including CO2, AFFF foam, and DCP dry chemical powder extinguishers. Emergency procedures and contact numbers are also listed. Proper prevention, equipment knowledge, and evacuation drills are emphasized for fire safety.
Injuries, Illness and possibly death, these are the effects of not complying with the LOTO Procedure. This slide is about the Lockout/Tagout standard and how it keeps workers safe from the hazardous energy or accidents in hazard workplaces.
7 managment and planning tools - Mohamed OmaraMohamed Lotfy
7 management and planning tools are a tools made by the Japanies union of scientists and engineers JUSE to help engineers and project managers to manage their work better
The document summarizes different types of manipulator end effectors, including friction-based grippers, 2-point contact manipulators, multi-finger hands, suction-based effectors, and magnetic grippers. It provides examples of each type and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Friction-based grippers can grasp a variety of objects but require more analysis, while suction and magnetic grippers are suited to planar/metallic objects respectively but require less analysis. A hybrid suction/friction gripper provides high versatility.
When a fire alarm sounds or a fire is discovered, employees should immediately evacuate the building. Employees should only attempt to use a fire extinguisher if they have been trained on its proper use and the fire is very small and just starting, such as in a waste basket. Otherwise, employees should pull the fire alarm and exit the building, not trying to fight larger fires. When using an extinguisher, employees should follow the PASS method of pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire from 8 feet away, squeezing the handle, and sweeping from side to side until the fire is completely out.
Medical gas supply systems provide gases to hospitals through cylinders and pipelines. Cylinders contain gases like oxygen, nitrous oxide, and air in compressed form. They have steel bodies, valves to fill and release gas, and pressure relief devices. Pipelines distribute gases from a central source through a main line, risers, and branch lines to terminal units where gases are delivered. Terminal units have automatic shut-off valves and gas-specific connectors to prevent mixing of different gases. Extensive testing ensures medical gas pipelines deliver the proper gas at adequate pressures and purity levels to support patient care.
Compressed gas cylinders can present both mechanical and chemical hazards depending on their contents. Proper identification, handling, use, storage, and transportation of cylinders are required to prevent accidents. Key safety practices include clearly labeling cylinders and lines, securing cylinders at all times, using compatible regulators, checking for leaks, keeping cylinders away from heat sources, and returning empty cylinders to suppliers.
This document provides guidance on safely handling compressed gas cylinders. It discusses the hazards of compressed gases, proper identification and labeling of cylinders and lines, safe storage, handling and transportation. Key points include identifying cylinder contents clearly, securing cylinders at all times, using compatible regulators, checking for leaks, closing valves when not in use, and returning empty cylinders to suppliers. Safety precautions like using safety glasses and preventing fire hazards are also outlined.
This document provides safety guidelines for handling compressed gas cylinders. It discusses hazards associated with different types of compressed gases and outlines procedures for properly identifying, storing, handling, using and transporting compressed gas cylinders. Key safety practices include securing cylinders at all times, carefully opening cylinder valves, using the proper regulators, checking for leaks, closing valves when cylinders are not in use, and properly storing and transporting cylinders.
This document provides guidelines for safely handling compressed gas cylinders. It discusses identifying gas contents, securing cylinders, opening valves slowly, using proper fittings and equipment, checking for leaks, closing valves when not in use, storing cylinders properly, transporting cylinders carefully, and returning empty cylinders to suppliers. Safety precautions are outlined for flammable, toxic, and reactive gases.
This document provides an overview of gas cylinder safety. It covers common industrial gases and their hazards, main causes of accidents, safe working practices for gas cylinders including identification, inspection, handling, storage and emergency response. Specific equipment like regulators, flashback arrestors, hoses, piping and torches are discussed in terms of their purpose, proper use and maintenance.
The document discusses various aspects of medical gas cylinders and piped gas systems. It describes the parts of a cylinder including the body, valve, and pressure relief devices. It discusses safe handling practices like color coding, markings, and precautions during use. Hazards associated with cylinders are also summarized. The document then provides an overview of piped medical gas systems including the primary components, pressures, and terminal units where gases are delivered.
Oxygen MANUFACTRE STORAGE PREPERATION AND CLINICAL ASPECTDr.RMLIMS lucknow
Oxygen is produced primarily through two main methods - fractional distillation of air and pressure swing absorption. It is stored in large bulk systems or compressed gas cylinders. Cylinders come in various standardized sizes and have safety features like pressure relief valves and color coding. Oxygen is delivered to patients through devices like nasal cannulas, masks, or venturi masks which mix oxygen with air to precisely control the fraction of inspired oxygen. While oxygen therapy is useful for treating hypoxemia, high concentrations over long periods can cause toxicity issues like pulmonary fibrosis or retinopathy of prematurity in newborns.
This document provides guidance on the safe use of compressed gas cylinders. It outlines several hazards associated with different types of compressed gases and gives an overview of common causes of accidents. The document then provides guidance on safely working with gas cylinders, including proper identification of gas type, daily inspection of cylinders and equipment, safe cylinder handling practices, and ensuring proper regulators, hoses, piping, and torches are used.
The document discusses the handling of gases in the pharmaceutical industry. It describes the properties of gases including their diffusion, compressibility, and temperature/pressure dependence. It discusses the risks of gases and regulations for handling, storing, and transporting gas cylinders safely. The document outlines different types of gases used in the industry like nitrogen, oxygen, acetylene and their properties. It also discusses equipment for controlling gases including cylinders, regulators, valves, traps, piping and compressors. The principles and best practices for safely operating this equipment are provided.
This document provides guidance on the safe use and handling of compressed gas cylinders. It outlines common industrial gases and their properties, hazards associated with gas cylinders, safe work practices, transportation, storage, and emergency response procedures. Key safety measures include proper identification and inspection of cylinders, use of appropriate equipment, ventilation, securing cylinders, exclusion of ignition sources, and separating incompatible gases.
This document provides guidance on the safe use of compressed gas cylinders. It outlines several common industrial gases and their properties. The main hazards associated with gas cylinders are impact from explosions or falling cylinders, contact with released gases, and fires from escaping flammable gases. The document emphasizes the importance of proper training, maintenance, handling, storage, and inspection of cylinders and associated equipment. It provides specific safety practices for working with gas cylinders, regulators, flashback arrestors, hoses, piping, blow pipes, and acetylene.
Anaesthesia Workstation for Residents.
With High pressure, Mid and low pressure workstation.
Explaining the Gas delivery with respect to safety features of the machine.
Compressed Gas Safety HSE Presentation HSE Formats.pptMoqueemAkhtar1
This document provides instructions and safety guidelines for working with compressed gases. It discusses proper inspection and handling of gas cylinders, storage requirements, hazards associated with different gases, and setup of oxy-fuel cutting equipment. Personal protective equipment requirements and general safety precautions are also outlined. The document provides a course outline on compressed gas safety training.
This document provides an overview of safe handling practices for compressed gases. It defines compressed gases and lists various gas properties like being under high pressure, toxic, corrosive, or flammable. The document outlines identification markings on gas cylinders and regulations for transportation, storage, and use. It describes hazards of compressed gases and emphasizes treating all cylinders with care. The document also reviews functions of pressure regulators, safety devices, and developing an emergency plan for gas releases.
This document provides an outline for a training course on compressed gas safety. It covers project requirements, material safety data sheets, gas behavior and properties, gas cylinder handling and storage, oxy-fuel gas cutting equipment setup, inspection, use, and general safety precautions. Trainees will learn about hazards, personal protective equipment requirements, and safe operating procedures for working with compressed gases like oxygen, acetylene, propane, and argon. The document outlines inspection processes and emphasizes the importance of checking for leaks, using the proper regulators, and following shutdown procedures.
Starting air system explosions can occur if oil accumulates in air receivers or lines and is ignited by high pressure air during engine starting. The ignition source is typically hot gases from a leaking starting air valve or fuel leaking into cylinders when stopped. Research concludes explosions are mainly due to autoignition of oil deposits in manifolds from compressed air heating to over 400°C. Risks can be minimized by maintaining clean air systems, fittings, valves, and following maintenance procedures.
Standard practices for handling, storing, and transporting chlorine tonners/cylinders involve careful procedures due to safety hazards. Chlorine is transported over long distances by road in India. Training programs educate transporters, drivers, and cleaners on emergency procedures. Strict safety checks of vehicles and emergency response plans are required when transporting hazardous chemicals like chlorine.
This document provides safety guidelines for working with compressed gases. It states that all compressed gas cylinders should be handled carefully and according to the specific gas's properties. Damaged cylinders should be inspected before use. Gases are identified by color (red for flammable, green for non-flammable) and labeling. Proper transportation, storage, connection, and use of regulators are outlined to prevent leaks, explosions, and other accidents. Personnel should be aware of each gas's hazards like flammability, toxicity, and corrosiveness. Overall, the document aims to promote safe practices for compressed gas handling.
This document provides safety guidelines for working with oxygen and acetylene gases. It describes the properties of oxygen and acetylene, safe storage and handling procedures, how to properly use regulators and hoses, tips for preventing backfires and flashbacks, and the importance of using the correct safety equipment. The key risks are fires and explosions that can occur if the gases mix or equipment malfunctions, so following all safety procedures is critical when using these flammable gases.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PERMEABLE PAVEMENT IN ...Fady M. A Hassouna
Permeable pavement is considered one of the sustainable management
options for roadway networks, which mitigates a number of problems associated with
stormwater, ground water pollution, and traffic safety. In this study, the economic
feasibility, vehicle operation, and environmental implications of implementing permeable
pavement in Nablus, Palestine have been determined by selecting the local roadways that
satisfy the permeable pavement requirement, such as low traffic volume, grade less than
5%, speed limit up to 50 km/h, and subgrade with good permeability. The total costs of
construction and maintenance for both conventional asphalt and permeable pavement have
also been compared based on the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Finally, the
environmental implications such as the expected increase in the amount of ground water
and the reduction in water pollutants have been investigated. The results of the analysis
show that the permeable pavement is applicable for the local roadways that have satisfied
the requirements, which are 61 roadways. Furthermore, it could lead to an annual
significant increase in ground water by 107,404.7 m3 and slightly reduce the cost of
construction and maintenance by up to 1,912,000 ILS during its life period compared to
conventional asphalt pavement. Moreover, applying porous asphalt could enhance
vehicular traffic safety by improving skid resistance.
I am Dr. T.D. Shashikala, an Associate Professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department at University BDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, Karnataka. I have been teaching here since 1997. I prepared this manual for the VTU MTech course in Digital Communication and Networking, focusing on the Advanced Digital Signal Processing Lab (22LDN12). Based on, 1.Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications by John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Discrete-Time Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, 3.Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Guide for Engineers and Scientists" by Steven W. Smith. 4.Understanding Digital Signal Processing by Richard G. Lyons. 5.Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis" by Lokenath Debnath . 6. MathWorks (MATLAB) - MATLAB Documentation
If we're running two pumps, why aren't we getting twice as much flow? v.17Brian Gongol
A single pump operating at a time is easy to figure out. Adding a second pump (or more) makes things a bit more complicated. That complication can deliver a whole lot of additional flow -- or it can become an exercise in futility.
Presentation slide on DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOBILE CONTROLLED DRAINAGE.pptxEr. Kushal Ghimire
To address increased waste dumping in drains, a low-cost drainage cleaning robot controlled via a mobile app is designed to reduce human intervention and improve automation. Connected via Bluetooth, the robot’s chain circulates, moving a mesh with a lifter to carry solid waste to a bin. This project aims to clear clogs, ensure free water flow, and transform society into a cleaner, healthier environment, reducing disease spread from direct sewage contact. It’s especially effective during heavy rains with high water and garbage flow.
3.
General safety refers to condition as they apply to all
phase of welding and cutting.
Specifically it deals with :
Ventilation
Clothing
Equipment
General Safety
4.
Three factors govern the amount of contamination to
which welders may be exposed:
Dimensions of the space
Number of welders
Possible evolution of hazardous fumes
Management must ensure welders have proper
protection and ventilation
Ventilation
5.
Natural and Mechanical
Ventilation
Must not be restricted by screens
Sufficient to keep concentrations
Mechanical ventilation required for:
Metals not described here
Spaces <10.000 feet per welder
Rooms with ceilings lower than 16 feet
Confined spaces or areas with barriers to natural cross
ventilation
6. Contaminant should
travel away from
breathing zone.
Local exhaust
ventilation may be
more effective.
Poor Fair
Good Best
7. Welding zone
Minimum air flow
CU Ft/ Min
Duct Diameter in
4” to 6” from arc or torch 150 3
6” to 8” from arc or torch 275 3 ½
8” to 10” from arc or torch 425 4 ½
10” to 12” from arc or torch 600 5 ½
Exhaust hoods
8.
Woolen clothing is preferable to cotton because it does not
ignite as readily and protects the skins better from temperature change
Protective Clothing
10.
Basic Rules for Oxy-acetylene Welding :
Ensure the safety fuse plug or disk is functional
Attach regulator
Stand to one side of regulator
Open cylinder valve slowly
Not more than 150 psi
Purge oxygen and acetylene lines
Light the acetylene
Never use oil or grease near oxygen
Do not use oxygen to clean or blow off dirt or clothing
Keep your work area clean
Safety in Oxyacetylene Welding
11.
1. Never lift cylinders by the service valve or valve
protection (use slings, net, or other approved means)
2. Keys, handles, and hand wheels must be present
3. Use the proper regulator
4. Open acetylene valve no more than 11/2 turns
5. If in doubt about a cylinder, don’t use it
Gas Cylinders Safety
12. Use Protective Devices
Pressure relief valves,
backflow preventers
or check valves
Flash back arrestors
Fuel gas hose—red
(sometimes black)
Oxygen hose—green
Hose protection
required
Pressure-reducing
regulators
13.
Store Gas Cylinders Safety
The storage area must be well ventilated
Keep fuel cylinders 20 feet or more from combustibles
Close valves, ensure valves are protected
Limit inside storage to 2,000 cubic feet
Store cylinders in the upright position and secured
from falling
Separate oxygen from fuel gas
14.
All pipig and fittings used to convey gases from a central
supply system to work stations must withstand a minimum
preasure of 150 psi
Oxygen piping can be of black steel, wrought iron, brass or
copper, and only oil free compounds should be used on oxygen
threaded connections.
Piping for acetylene must be of wrought iron.
Piping
15.
Joints and hoses should be checked for leaks before any
welding is attempted. Whilst acetylene may be detected by its
distinctive smell (usually at levels of less than 2%) oxygen is
odourless.
Leak detection is best carried out applying a weak (typically
0.5%) solution of a detergent in water or a leak detecting
solution from one of the gas supply companies. It is applied to
the joints using a brush and the escaping gas will form bubbles.
On curing the leak, the area should be cleaned to remove the
residue from the leak detecting solution.
Testing for Leaks
16. Lighting a Torch
First - before you attempt to light the torch follow these checks:
Make sure regulator pressure adjustment screws are backed out!
Make sure torch valves are closed!
Stand away from front of regulator
Separately and slowly open the oxygen and acetylene cylinder valves
Adjust regulator p/a screws to tip pressure settings
Open/close torch valves separately and fine tune pressure settings on regulators
Depress cutting lever and adjust pressure if necessary
17.
Lighting and adjusting the torch (with a positive/equal
pressure mixer):
Separately purge both oxygen and fuel gas lines
Open fuel gas valve 1/2 turn
Ignite flame with striker
Increase fuel gas flow until flame leaves end of tip and no
smoke is present
Decrease until flame goes back to tip
Open oxygen valve and adjust to neutral flame
Depress oxygen lever and make necessary adjustments
18.
Shutting down the torch (with a positive/equal pressure mixer):
Close oxygen torch valve
Close fuel gas torch valve
If the torch/regulators and gases are done being used for a while,
follow these procedures:
Close oxygen and fuel gas cylinder valves
Separately purge oxygen and fuel gas lines
Make sure all regulator gauges read 0
Back out regulator pressure adjustment screws!
If you are using in a commercial environment, report any
damage, etc. to your supervisor
Shutdown a Torch
19.
Backfires occur when the torch flame burns back into the
blowpipe, sometimes it can continue burning back to the point
where oxygen and the fuel gas are mixed causing a potentially
serious situation.
Flashbacks are caused by a reverse flow of oxygen into the fuel
gas hose (or fuel gas into the oxygen hose) – this then produces
an explosive mixture in the hose. The flame can then burn back
through the blowpipe, into the hose and may even reach the
pressure regulator and the cylinder. This can result in damage
or destruction of equipment, and could even cause the cylinder
to explode. This could end in serious injury (or worse) and
severe damage to property.
Backfires and Flashbacks
20. Backfire or flashback procedure
After an unsustained backfire in which the flame is extinguished:
close the blowpipe control valves (fuel gas first)
check the nozzle is tight
check the pressures on regulators
re-light the torch using the recommended procedure
If the flame continues to burn:
close the oxygen valve at the torch (to prevent internal burning)
close the acetylene valve at the torch
close cylinder valves or gas supply point isolation valves for both oxygen and
acetylene
close outlets of adjustable pressure regulators by winding out the pressure-adjusting
screws
open both torch valves to vent the pressure in the equipment
close torch valves
check nozzle tightness and pressures on regulators
re-light the torch using the recommended procedure
21. If a flashback occurs in the hose and equipment, or fire in the hose, regulator
connections or gas supply outlet points:
isolate oxygen and fuel gas supplies at the cylinder valves or gas supply outlet
points (only if this can be done safely)
if no risk of personal injury, control fire using first aid fire-fighting equipment
if the fire cannot be put out at once, call emergency fire services
after the equipment has cooled, examine the equipment and replace defective
components
When a backfire has been investigated and the fault rectified, the torch may be
re-lit. After a flashback, because the flame has extended to the regulator it is essential
not only to examine the torch, but the hoses and components must be checked and, if
necessary, replaced. The flashback arrestor should also be checked according to
manufacturer's instructions and, with some designs, it may be necessary to replace it.
BCGA Code of Practice CP7 recommends that non-return valves and flashback arrestors
are replaced every 5 years.
22.
All containers should be considered unsafe for welding or
cutting unless they have been rendered safe, or declared safe by a
qualified person. When welding or cutting containers, there is the
possibility of explosions, fires, and the release of toxic vapors or
fumes. Containers include jacketed vessels, tanks, drums, covered
parts or other equivalent situations. Seemingly empty containers
might have materials hidden in cracks and crevices, which will release
hazardous fumes when heated by welding or cutting. And the
flammable and explosive materials include gasoline, light oil and
many others
Safety in Welding and Cutting Containers
23.
There are some cleaning method :
Cleaning the container that has held combustibles is necessary in all cases
before any welding or cutting is done. This cleaning may be supplemental by filling
the container with water or an inert gas both before and during such work. Treat
each compartment in a container in the same manner, regardless of which
comparment is be welded or cut.
Water Cleaning water-soluble substances can be removed by repeatedlv filling
and draining the container with water. Water-soluble acids, acetone, and alcohol can
be removed in this manner. Diluted acid frequently reacts with metal to produce
hydrogen; care must be taken to ensure that all traces of the acid are removed.
An accumulation of air or gas in a confined area will expand when heated
and the internal preasure may build up to cause an explosion
24. Hot Chemical Cleaning, there are some procedure recommended:
1. Flush out any remaining residue of the container with water and drain.
2. Dissolve 2-4 ounces of trisodium phospate or commercial caustic cleaning compound into a gallon
of boiling water. Pour this solution into the container and fill the water.
3. Attach a steam line to the container and admit steam to maintain the solution at a temperature of
170o-190o for 15-20 minutes, during the steaming periode add water to allow discharge of volatile.
At the end of the prescribed periode, drain the container.
Steam Cleaning, There are the procedures:
1. Blow steam into the container, preferably through the drain, for a period of time to be governed by
the condition or nature of the flammable substance previously held by the container
2. Continue steaming until the container is free from odor and the metal parts are hot enough to
permit steam vapors to flow freely out of the container vent or similar opening.
3. Thoroughly flush the inside of the container with hot, preferably boiling, water.
4. Drain the container.
5. Inspect the inside of the container to see if it is clean. To do this, use a mirror to reflect light into the
container
6. Close the container openings. In 15 minutes, reopen the container and test with a combustible gas
indicator. If the vapor concentration is in excess of 14 percent of the lower limit of flammbility,
repeat the cleaning procedure.
26.
Safety in Cutting
Never use a cutting torch where sparks will be a hazard
If cutting is to be over a wooden floor, clean the floor and wet it
Keep a fire extinguisher nearby whenever any cutting is done
Whenever possible perform cutting in wide open areas so sparks and
slag will not become lodged in confined cracks.
If cutting is to be done near flammable material and the material
cannot moved, suitable fire resisting guard
In plants where a dirty or gassy atmosphere exists extra precaution
should be taken to avoid explosions resulting from electric spark or
open fire during cutting or welding operation.
27.
Arc welding includes shielded metal-arc, gas-
shielded arc and resistance welding. Only general
safety measures can be indicated for these areas
because arc welding equipment varies considerably in
size and type.
Safety in Arc Welding
28. Safety practices which are generally common to all types of arc
welding operations are as follows:
1. Welding can be safe when sufficient measures are taken to protect
yourself and others from potential hazards
2. Students should read and understand the following before welding:
Warning Labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
3. Students should also be familiar with the following information
Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes’ (ANSI Z49.1)
Lincoln Electric’s ‘Arc Welding Safety’ (E205)
4. Fumes and gases can be hazardous to your health
5. Keep your head out of the fumes
6. Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, to keep fumes and
gases from your breathing zone and the general area
7. See product labeling and MSDS for ventilation and respirator
requirements
29. 8. Only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed for arc welding and cutting, and
are of a capacity capable of safely handling the maximum rated current required by the
electrodes, shall be used
9. Any current-carrying parts passing through the portion of the holder which the arc welder or
cutter grips in his hand, and the outer surfaces of the jaws of the holder, shall be fully insulated
against the maximum voltage encountered to ground
10. Only cable free from repair or splices for a minimum distance of 10 feet from the cable end to
which the electrode holder is connected shall be used. Except that cables with standard
insulated connectors or with splices whose insulating quality is equal to that of the cable are
permitted)
11. All ground connections shall be inspected to ensure that they are mechanically strong and
electrically adequate for the required current