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Scapular anatomy

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The scapula is a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior aspect of the rib cage. It has three borders and three angles. Several muscles originate on the scapula, including the subscapularis, teres major, teres minor, and trapezius. The scapula acts to rotate the shoulder joint and stabilize the shoulder girdle.

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THE SCAPULA………….. Vimhans PrimaMed Super Speciality Hospital Submitted to, Submitted by, Dr. PRATEEK GAUR IRAM ANWAR
The scapula is a highly mobile bone that is situated on the posterior aspect of the body The Scapula
• The scapula is best viewed from behind • There are 2 scapulae one on either side of the spinal column
Each overlies the 2nd – 7 ribs The scapula is a flat triangular-shaped bone Anterior View
Lateral View AnteriorPosterior • The scapula is a flat triangular-shaped bone • It has a number of interesting projections best viewed from the lateral aspect. The scapula has two surfaces
The scapula has two surfaces Anterior / Ventral surface Posterior / Dorsal Surface
The Dorsal surface of the Scapula is divided into two regions by the spine of the Scapula Scapular Spine Infraspinous Fossa Supraspinous Fossa
The scapula has 3 borders Medial Border Anterior View Lateral Border Superior Border
The scapula has 3 angles Superior Angle Inferior Angle Anterior View Lateral
The scapula has 3 lateral projections Anterior View Coracoid Process Spine Acromion process
Summary of muscles that arise from the scapula Biceps (both heads) Coracobrachialis Deltoid Infraspinatus Levator Scapulae Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Minor Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Serratus Anterior Subscapularis Supraspinatus Triceps (Long Head) Teres Major Teres Minor Trapezius
• Subscapularis arises from the whole of the ventral surface of the Scapula • It attaches to the Lesser Tuberosity of the Humerus Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion Lesser tuberosity of humerus Action Internal rotation and adduction of the arm Nerve Supply Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) Blood Supply Subscapular artery
Biceps Brachii Origin Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula; Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Action Supinates and flexes forearm Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
Coracobrachialis Origin Tip of coracoid process of scapula Insertion Upper half of medial surface of humerus Action Flexes and adducts arm Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
Deltoid Origin Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action Anterior part: flexes and internally rotates arm; Middle part: abducts arm; Posterior part: extends and externally rotates arm Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
Infraspinatus Origin Infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action Externally rotates arm Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Levator Scapulae Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly by rotating scapula Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
Latissimus Dorsi Origin Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula Insertion Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus Action Extends, adducts, and internally rotates humerus; pulls body up toward arms during climbing Nerve Supply Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) Blood Supply Thoracodorsal artery
Pectoralis Minor Origin 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages Insertion Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Action Stabilises scapula, pulls it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Nerve Supply Medial pectoral nerves; (C8 and T1) Blood Supply Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Rhomboid Minor Origin Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae; Insertion Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine Action Retracts and rotates scapula to move glenoid inferiorly; fixes scapula to thoracic wall Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
Rhomboid Major Origin Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Retracts and rotates scapula to move glenoid inferiorly; fixes scapula to thoracic wall Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
Serratus Anterior Origin Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Pulls scapula forward and upward; abducts and rotates it; stabilises medial border of scapula Nerve Supply Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) Blood Supply Circumflex scapular artery
Supraspinatus Origin Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action Abduction of arm Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6) Blood Supply Suprascapular artery
Triceps Origin Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Insertion Proximal end of olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm Action Extends forearm Nerve Supply Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) Blood Supply Branches of deep brachial artery
Teres Major Origin Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus Action Adducts and internally rotates arm Nerve Supply Lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7) Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Teres Minor Origin Superior part of lateral border of scapula Insertion Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action External rotation of the arm Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Trapezius Origin Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae Insertion Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Action superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, and inferior fibers depress scapula Nerve Supply Spinal root of accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor) and cervical nerves (C3 and C4) (pain and proprioception) Blood Supply Transverse cervical artery
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Scapular anatomy

  • 1. THE SCAPULA………….. Vimhans PrimaMed Super Speciality Hospital Submitted to, Submitted by, Dr. PRATEEK GAUR IRAM ANWAR
  • 2. The scapula is a highly mobile bone that is situated on the posterior aspect of the body The Scapula
  • 3. • The scapula is best viewed from behind • There are 2 scapulae one on either side of the spinal column
  • 4. Each overlies the 2nd – 7 ribs The scapula is a flat triangular-shaped bone Anterior View
  • 5. Lateral View AnteriorPosterior • The scapula is a flat triangular-shaped bone • It has a number of interesting projections best viewed from the lateral aspect. The scapula has two surfaces
  • 6. The scapula has two surfaces Anterior / Ventral surface Posterior / Dorsal Surface
  • 7. The Dorsal surface of the Scapula is divided into two regions by the spine of the Scapula Scapular Spine Infraspinous Fossa Supraspinous Fossa
  • 8. The scapula has 3 borders Medial Border Anterior View Lateral Border Superior Border
  • 9. The scapula has 3 angles Superior Angle Inferior Angle Anterior View Lateral
  • 10. The scapula has 3 lateral projections Anterior View Coracoid Process Spine Acromion process
  • 11. Summary of muscles that arise from the scapula Biceps (both heads) Coracobrachialis Deltoid Infraspinatus Levator Scapulae Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Minor Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Serratus Anterior Subscapularis Supraspinatus Triceps (Long Head) Teres Major Teres Minor Trapezius
  • 12. • Subscapularis arises from the whole of the ventral surface of the Scapula • It attaches to the Lesser Tuberosity of the Humerus Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion Lesser tuberosity of humerus Action Internal rotation and adduction of the arm Nerve Supply Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) Blood Supply Subscapular artery
  • 13. Biceps Brachii Origin Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula; Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Action Supinates and flexes forearm Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
  • 14. Coracobrachialis Origin Tip of coracoid process of scapula Insertion Upper half of medial surface of humerus Action Flexes and adducts arm Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) Blood Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
  • 15. Deltoid Origin Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action Anterior part: flexes and internally rotates arm; Middle part: abducts arm; Posterior part: extends and externally rotates arm Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
  • 16. Infraspinatus Origin Infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action Externally rotates arm Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries
  • 17. Levator Scapulae Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly by rotating scapula Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
  • 18. Latissimus Dorsi Origin Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula Insertion Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus Action Extends, adducts, and internally rotates humerus; pulls body up toward arms during climbing Nerve Supply Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) Blood Supply Thoracodorsal artery
  • 19. Pectoralis Minor Origin 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages Insertion Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Action Stabilises scapula, pulls it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Nerve Supply Medial pectoral nerves; (C8 and T1) Blood Supply Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
  • 20. Rhomboid Minor Origin Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae; Insertion Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine Action Retracts and rotates scapula to move glenoid inferiorly; fixes scapula to thoracic wall Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
  • 21. Rhomboid Major Origin Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Retracts and rotates scapula to move glenoid inferiorly; fixes scapula to thoracic wall Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery
  • 22. Serratus Anterior Origin Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Pulls scapula forward and upward; abducts and rotates it; stabilises medial border of scapula Nerve Supply Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) Blood Supply Circumflex scapular artery
  • 23. Supraspinatus Origin Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action Abduction of arm Nerve Supply Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6) Blood Supply Suprascapular artery
  • 24. Triceps Origin Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Insertion Proximal end of olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm Action Extends forearm Nerve Supply Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) Blood Supply Branches of deep brachial artery
  • 25. Teres Major Origin Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus Action Adducts and internally rotates arm Nerve Supply Lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7) Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
  • 26. Teres Minor Origin Superior part of lateral border of scapula Insertion Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Action External rotation of the arm Nerve Supply Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Blood Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
  • 27. Trapezius Origin Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae Insertion Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Action superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, and inferior fibers depress scapula Nerve Supply Spinal root of accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor) and cervical nerves (C3 and C4) (pain and proprioception) Blood Supply Transverse cervical artery