Scope and Limitations.pptx
- 1. SCOPE & LIM ITATION S by: Gangoso, Billones, & Guimbal
- 2. what is SCOPE? S cope refers to how far the research area has explored and parameters in with the study will be operating in. The type of information to be included in the scope of a research project would include facts and theories about the subject of the project.
- 3. The coverage of the study terms of: 1. General purpose 2. Population or sample 3. Time or duration 4.Subject matters and topics discussed 5. Area or locality is in
- 4. Example: This investigation as conducted to determine the status of the teaching of science in the high schools of Province A as perceived by the teachers and students in science classes during the school year 1989-1990. The aspects looked into were the qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities forms of supervisory assistance, problems and proposed solutions to the problems.
- 5. What Has Been Included... • General purpose: To determine the status of the teaching of science. • Subject matter: The teaching of science • Topics (aspects) studied: Qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities, form of supervisory assistance, problems and proposed solutions to problems • Population or sample: teachers and students • Area or locality: High schools of Province A • Time or duration: School year 1989-1990
- 6. what is LIM ITATION? Lim itations , also known as the bounds, are influences that the researcher cannot control. They are the shortcomings, conditions or influences that cannot be controlled by the researcher that place restrictions on your methodology and conclusions. Any limitations that might influence the results should be mentioned.
- 7. delimitations Delimitations are choices made by the researcher which should be mentioned. They describe the boundaries that you have set for the study. This is the place to explain: •the things that you are not doing (and why you have chosen not to do them). •the literature you will not review (and why not). •the population you are not studying (and why not). •the methodological procedures you will not use (and why you will not use them).
- 8. EXAM PLE: Although the research has reached its aims, there were some unavoidable limitations. First, because of the time limit, this research was conducted only on a small size of population who were attending the Writing 3 course in their third semester at CTU. Therefore, to generalize the results for larger groups, the study should have involved more participants at different levels. Second, the students' overloaded work, to some extent, might affect the result of the correlation between the students' motivation in learning
- 9. When considering what limitations there might be in your investigation, be thorough. Consider all of the following: 1. your analysis 2. the nature of self-reporting 3. the instruments you utilized 4. the sample 5. time constraints
- 10. to write writing in English performance and their because they were required to take part in many studies at the same time. Finally, the slow network might discourage participants' interests and motivation in joining peer feedback activities.
- 11. IMPORTANCE of limitations • Always acknowledge a limitations. s tudy's It is far better for you to identify and acknowledge your study's limitations than to have them pointed out by your professor and be graded down because you appear to have ignored them. • Keep in mind that acknowledgement of a study's limitations is an opportunity to make suggestions for further research.
- 12. • Claming limitations is a subjective process because you must evaluate the impact of those limitations. Don't just list key weaknesses and the magnitude of a study's limitattions. Limitations require a critical, overall appraisal and interpretation of their impact. You should answer the question: do these problem with errors, methods, validity, etc. eventually matter and, if so, to what extent?
- 13. Descriptions of possible limitations • All studies have limitations. However, it is important that you restrict your discussion to limitations related to the research problem under investigation. * D o not apologize for not addressing issues that you didn't promise to investigate in your paper.
- 14. possible methodological limitations • Sample size - the number of the units of analysis you use in your study is dictated by the type of research problem you are investigating. • Lack of available and/or reliable data - lack of reliable data will likely require you to limit the scope of your analysis, the size of your sample, or it can be a significant obstacle in finding a trend and a meaningful relationship.
- 15. • Lack of prior research studies on the topic - citing prior research studies forms the basis of your literature review and helps lay a foundation for understanding the research problem you're investigating. • Measure used to collect the data - sometimes, interpretation after com pleting your of the findings, you discover that the way you gatherd data inhibited your ability to conduct a thorough analysis of the results.
- 16. • Self-reported data you are relying on - whether pre-existing self-reported data or you are conducting a qualitative research study and gathering the data yourself, self-reported data is limited by the fact that it rarely can be independently verified.
- 17. possible limitations of the researcher • Longitudinal effects - Be sure to choose a topic that does not require an excessive amount of time to complete the literature review, apply the methodology, and gather and interpret the results. • Cultural and other type of bias - Note that if you detect bias in a prior research, it must be acknowledged and measures taken should be explained to avoid perpetuating bias. B ias - when a person, place, or thing is viewed or shown in a consistently inaccurate way.
- 18. • Access - if study depends on access to people, organizations, or for whatever reason, access is denied or limited, it needs to be described. • Fluency in a language - if your research focuses on measuring the perceived value of after-school tutoring among Mexican-American ESL students, and you're not fluent in Spanish, you're limited in being able to read and interpret Spanish language research studies. This deficiency should be acknowledged.
- 19. when discussing limitations, be sure to... • Describe each limitation in detailed but concise terms. • Explain why each limitation exists. • Provide the reasons why each limitation couldn't be overcome using the method/s chosen to gather the data. • Assess the impact of each limitation in relation to the overall findings and conclusions. • If appropriate, describe how these limitations could point to the need of further research.
- 20. Writing tips ×Don't inflate your findings! the im portance of We all want our academic work to be viewed as excellent and worthy of a good grade, but it is important that you understand and openly acknowledge the limitations of your study. Inflating the importance of your study's findings in an attempt to hide its flaws is a big turn off to your readers.
- 21. ×N eg a tive res ults a re not a lim itation! Negative evidence refers to findings that unexpectedly challenge rather than support your hypothesis. If you didn't get the results you anticipated, it may mean your hypothesis was incorrect or you stumbled onto something unexpected that warrants further study. Don't fall into the trap of thinking that results contrary to what you expected is a limitation to your study.
- 22. ×Sample size limitations in qualitative research Determining adequate sample size in qualitative research is ultimately a matter of judgment and experience in evaluating the quality of the information collected against the uses to which it will be applied and the particular research method and purposive sampling strategy employed.
- 23. Remember… •Stating the study limitations not only provides extra credence to the study but provides the reader caution not to expect beyond what the study can and promises to deliver, not withstanding certain constraints.