Scrum is an agile framework for managing product development. It defines three roles - Scrum Master, Product Owner, and Development Team - and three artifacts - Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Product Increment. It also includes five ceremonies - Product Backlog Refinement, Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective. Scrum was first defined in 1986 and evolved through the 1990s, with Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland formalizing the method in 2001 in their book Agile Software Development with Scrum.