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Semester pre bio spring 2011 with answers

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Chase Moore

This document contains a multiple choice quiz with questions about patterns of inheritance and Mendelian genetics. There are 33 questions that cover topics like Mendel's experiments, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, genotypes and phenotypes, inheritance of traits, sex determination, and independent assortment. The questions require recall of genetic concepts and principles as well as the ability to apply this knowledge to analyze inheritance patterns and genetic crosses.

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Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on A) peas. B) roses. C) guinea pigs. D) fruit flies. E) clones. 2) Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as A) hybrids. B) the F2 generation. C) monohybrid crosses. D) independent crosses. E) true-breeding. 3) Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false? A) The offspring of two different varieties are called hybrids. B) Hybridization is also called a cross. C) The parental plants of a cross are the P generation. D) The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation. E) The hybrid offspring of an F1 cross are the F2 generation. 4) A monohybrid cross is A) the second generation of a self-fertilized plant. B) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one trait in common. C) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character. D) a triploid plant that results from breeding two very different plants. E) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one prominent trait. 5) Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false? A) The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype. B) An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be heterozygous for that trait. C) Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. D) An allele that is fully expressed is referred to as recessive. E) The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype.
6) All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is ________ the allele for orange eyes. A) codominant to B) recessive to C) more aggressive than D) dominant to E) better than 7) All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between two orange-eyed mendeliens? A) 3 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed B) 0 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed C) 1 black-eyed:3 orange-eyed D) 1 black-eyed:0 orange-eyed E) 1 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed 8) The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes. A) the same locus on homologous mitochondrial B) the same locus on heterologous C) different loci on homologous D) different loci on heterologous E) the same locus on homologous 9) The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross is expected to be A) 1:2:1. B) 3:1. C) 9:1:1:3. D) 3:9:9:1. E) 9:3:3:1. 10) If A is dominant to a and B is dominant to b, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the cross: AaBb × AaBb? A) 16:0:0:0 B) 8:4:2:2 C) 4:4:4:4 D) 1:1:1:1 E) 9:3:3:1 11) Mendel's law of independent assortment states that A) chromosomes sort independently of each other during mitosis and meiosis. B) genes sort independently of each other in animals but not in plants. C) independent sorting of genes produces polyploid plants under some circumstances. D) each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation. E) genes are sorted concurrently during gamete formation.
12) Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that three of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that A) both of the parents are homozygous for both traits. B) one of the parents is homozygous for both traits. C) the same alleles that control coat color can also cause PRA. D) the alleles for color and vision segregate independently during gamete formation. E) the alleles for color and vision segregate dependently during gamete formation. 13) Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child will be female and that their second-born child will be male? A) 20% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% 14) A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be ________ to transmit it to offspring. A) heterozygous for the trait and able B) heterozygous for the trait and unable C) homozygous for the trait and able D) homozygous for the trait and unable E) heterozygous for the trait and unlikely 15) Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes? A) DD and dd B) dd and dd C) Dd and Dd D) DD and DD E) Dd and DD 16) The vast majority of people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were A) both affected by the disease. B) not affected at all by the disease. C) slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms. D) subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children. E) affected by the disease but had subclinical symptoms. 17) Crossing over ________ genes into assortments of ________ not found in the parents. A) recombines unlinked . . . genes B) recombines linked . . . alleles C) combines unlinked . . . alleles D) combines linked . . . genes
18) What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male? A) two X chromosomes B) two Y chromosomes C) two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome D) one X chromosome and one Y chromosome E) one Y chromosome 19) The sex chromosome complement of a normal human male is A) XO. B) XX. C) XY. D) YY. E) YO. 20) How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five 21) A color-blind woman marries a man who is not color-blind. All of their sons, but none of their daughters, are color-blind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results? A) The gene for color vision is incompletely dominant to the gene for sex determination. B) The gene for color vision is completely dominant to the gene for sex determination. C) The gene for color vision is codominant with the gene for sex determination. D) The gene for color vision is linked to the X chromosome. E) The gene for color vision is linked to the Y chromosome. 22) Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by the: a) inheritance of units or factors from both parents b) inheritance of units or factors from one parent c) relative health of the parent plants at the time of pollination 23) An allele is: a) another word for a gene b) a homozygous genotype c) a heterozygous genotype d) one of several possible forms of a gene 24) Phenotype refers to the ______________________ of an individual. a) genetic makeup b) actual physical appearance c) recessive alleles
25) Assuming that both parent plants in the diagram below are homozygous, why would all of the f1 generation have yellow phenotypes? a) because the f1 genotypes are homozygous b) because yellow is dominant over green c) because both parents passed on yellow alleles 26) What is the major value in using a Punnett square? a. shows all gametic combinations b. shows genotypic ratios c. shows phenotypic ratios d. shows only b and c e. shows a, b, and c 27) Using the symbols provided above, what is the genotype of a heterozygous tall, homozygous green pod pea plant? a. DdYy b. DDYY c. DdYY d. DDYy e. ddYy 28) Which of the following are true about genes? a. They are passed from parents to offspring b. They are only important during sexual reproduction c. They contain information about specific traits d. They each have a specific location on a chromosome e. all of the above 29) If two alleles of a pair of homologous chromosomes are the same they are called: a. Identical b. Heterozygous c. Homozygous d. Unizygous 30) How would a pair of homozygous dominant alleles be written down? a. aa b. AA c. xx
d. Xx 31) Which of the following are true about a heterozygous dominant individual with a dominant allele that specifies blue color and a recessive allele that specifies white color? a. Its phenotype will never be white b. Its phenotype will never be blue c. Its phenotype will always be blue d. Its phenotype will be light blue 32) what is male symbol of pedigree analysis ? a. circle b. square c. round d. triangle 33) According to this figure, heterozygotes for this form of hypercholesterolemia suffer from the disease because they A) produce an abnormally shaped LDL receptor. B) don't produce any HDL receptors. C) don't produce any LDL receptors. D) produce too many LDL receptors. E) don't produce enough LDL receptors. Chp 3 3) Organic compounds A) always contain nitrogen. B) are synthesized only by animal cells. C) always contain carbon. D) can be synthesized only in a laboratory. E) always contain oxygen. Answer: C Topic: 3.1 Skill: Factual Recall
4) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. B) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to four other atoms. C) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. D) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." E) Carbon has the capacity to form polar bonds with hydrogen. Answer: E Topic: 3.1 Skill: Factual Recall 5) You now know that the old cliché "oil and water don't mix" is true. Why? A) Oil exhibits polarity and water does not. B) Water exhibits polarity and oil does not. C) Oil is hydrophilic. D) Water is hydrophobic. E) Oil is an organic compound and water is not. Answer: B Topic: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 8) A hydroxyl group is A) also called a carbonyl group. B) characteristic of proteins. C) hydrophobic. D) characteristic of alcohols. E) basic. Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 9) Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) CO B) OH C) NH2 D) COOH E) SH Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall
10) Which of the following is an amino group? A) OH B) NH2 C) COOH D) CO E) CH3 Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 12) Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A) amino acids B) fats C) sugars D) ATP E) vinegar Answer: A Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 14) Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A) Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. B) The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. C) Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. D) DNA is built from just four kinds of monomers. E) Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Answer: E Topic: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 15) Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. B) Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers. C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. D) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. E) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. Answer: E Topic: 3.3
Skill: Factual Recall 17) Which list below consists of only polymers? A) sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids B) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids C) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides D) proteins, lipids, nucleotides, sugars E) polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids Answer: C Topic: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 18) What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A) to promote the synthesis of monomers B) to induce chemical reactions C) to stop chemical reactions D) to speed up chemical reactions E) to reverse the direction of chemical reactions Answer: D Topic: 3.3 Skill: Factual Recall 22) Sucrose is formed A) from two glucose molecules. B) from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis. C) when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides. D) when water molecules are added to two monosaccharides. E) when glucose and lactose are combined. Answer: B Topic: 3.5 Skill: Factual Recall 23) A disaccharide forms when A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis. B) two starches join by dehydration synthesis. C) two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. D) two starches join by hydrolysis. E) a starch and a monosaccharide join by dehydration synthesis. Answer: A Topic: 3.5 Skill: Factual Recall
34) Fatty acids are A) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. B) composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group. C) hydrophobic. D) composed of four linked rings. E) components of DNA. Answer: C Topic: 3.8 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 40) A phospholipid is composed of A) one glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids. B) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. C) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. D) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. E) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids. Answer: E Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 41) Which of the following substances is a lipid? A) DNA B) glucose C) cellulose D) steroids E) enzymes Answer: C Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 42) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is A) cellulose. B) triglycerides. C) phospholipids. D) glycerol. E) waxes. Answer: C Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 48) Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
A) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. B) the chemical properties of their R groups. C) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. D) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. E) the number of alpha carbons present in the amino acid molecules Answer: B Topic: 3.12 Skill: Factual Recall 50) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins. A) oils B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) monosaccharides E) lards Answer: B Topic: 3.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 51) Peptide bonds A) are used to form amino acids. B) form between fatty acids. C) are formed by a hydrolysis reaction. D) link amino acids. E) bind monosaccharides. Answer: D Topic: 3.12 Skill: Factual Recall Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements about cells is true? A) All cells have cell walls. B) All cells have internal structures that move. C) All cells are attached to other cells. D) All cells are motile. E) All cells have static organelles.
Answer: B Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Light microscopes A) can generally magnify objects about 10,000 times without blurring. B) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope. C) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied. D) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image. E) are generally not used to view bacteria. Answer: D Topic: 4.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters. A) 0.01 B) 0.10 C) 10 D) 100 E) 1,000 Answer: C Topic: 4.1 Skill: Factual Recall 11) As cell size increases, the A) volume and surface area decrease. B) volume increases faster than the surface area. C) surface area increases faster than the volume. D) surface area and volume increase at the same rate. E) surface area decreases while the volume remains constant. Answer: B Topic: 4.2 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 16) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? A) a membrane-bound nucleus B) nucleoid C) a cell wall D) membrane-enclosed organelles E) ribosomes
Answer: B Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 17) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell A) contains the cell's DNA. B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm. C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. D) contains the cell's nucleoli. E) is the site of organelle production. Answer: A Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 18) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. A) Plant B) Animal C) Prokaryotic D) Eukaryotic E) Fungal Answer: C Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 19) A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its A) ribosomes. B) nucleus. C) peroxisome. D) nucleoid region. E) capsule. Answer: D Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 24) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles B) centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls C) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . cell membranes D) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus E) centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
Answer: A Topic: 4.4 Skill: Factual Recall 28) The nucleus of a cell A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. B) is contained within the nucleolus. C) is the region of the cell where ribosomes are degraded. D) contains DNA. E) is the primary location of protein synthesis. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 29) Long fibers of DNA and protein are called A) chromatin. B) a nucleolus. C) a ribosome. D) a lysosome. E) a central vacuole. Answer: A Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called A) ribosomes. B) lysosomes. C) peroxisomes. D) chromosomes. E) nucleoli. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 31) The function of the nucleolus is A) to manufacture polypeptides. B) to manufacture ribosomal RNA. C) intracellular digestion. D) to store chromatin. E) to produce H2O2.
Answer: B Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 34) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits? A) nuclear envelope B) nucleolus C) plasma membrane D) endoplasmic reticulum E) cytoplasm Answer: C Topic: 4.7 Skill: Factual Recall 37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells. B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells. C) produces proteins for cell membranes. D) produces antibodies. E) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis. Answer: A Topic: 4.9 Skill: Factual Recall 38) The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of A) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell. B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. C) ribosomes and steroid hormones. D) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. E) chromatin and mitochondria. Answer: D Topic: 4.9 Skill: Factual Recall 41) The Golgi apparatus A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins. C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins. D) forms fats from glycerols and fatty acids. E) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
Answer: B Topic: 4.10 Skill: Factual Recall 42) Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false? A) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. B) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. C) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. D) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum. E) The Golgi apparatus sorts molecules according to their destination. Answer: C Topic: 4.10 Skill: Factual Recall 43) Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids. C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells. E) Lysosomes recycle materials within the cell. Answer: B Topic: 4.11 Skill: Factual Recall 47) Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store pigments that will help attract pollinating insects. C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling. E) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. Answer: D Topic: 4.12 Skill: Factual Recall 48) Contractile vacuoles A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. B) help in the excretion of excess salt. C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment. E) stimulate the absorption of salt water.
Answer: C Topic: 4.12 Skill: Factual Recall 50) Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol? A) peroxosome B) Golgi apparatus C) smooth ER D) nucleus E) ribosomes Answer: A Topic: 4.13 Skill: Factual Recall 52) The function of mitochondria is A) cellular respiration. B) intracellular transport of proteins. C) lipid synthesis. D) photosynthesis. E) intracellular digestion. Answer: A Topic: 4.14 Skill: Factual Recall 55) The function of chloroplasts is A) cellular respiration. B) intracellular transport of proteins. C) lipid synthesis. D) photosynthesis. E) intracellular digestion. Answer: D Topic: 4.15 Skill: Factual Recall Art Questions 1)
According to this figure, which of the following is large enough to see in the light microscope? A) atoms B) proteins C) ribosome D) viruses E) mitochondria Answer: E Topic: 4.2 Skill: Application
2) Which part of the mitochondrion shown is its matrix? A) structure A B) structure B C) structure C D) structure D E) structure E Answer: E Topic: 4.14 Skill: Factual Recall Chapter 8 1) The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called A) asexual reproduction. B) sexual reproduction. C) a life cycle. D) regeneration. E) spontaneous generation. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
A) Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction. B) Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from two parents. C) Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs. D) Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation than is asexual reproduction. E) Only asexual reproduction results from the union of a sperm and an egg. Answer: D Topic: Opening Essay, 8.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 4) Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s). A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 Answer: B Topic: 8.1 Skill: Factual Recall 5) With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have A) identical chromosomes, but different genes. B) identical genes but different chromosomes. C) the same combination of traits, but different genes. D) only a 20% chance of sharing the same combination of genes. E) a similar but not identical combination of genes. Answer: E Topic: 8.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 7) Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false? A) Cell division can reproduce an entire organism. B) Cell division is necessary for development to occur. C) Cell division ensures the continuity of life from generation to generation. D) Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. E) Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. Answer: E Topic: 8.2 Skill: Factual Recall 8) Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?
A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes. B) Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. C) Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. D) In prokaryotes, daughter chromosomes are separated by an active movement away from each other and the growth of a new plasma membrane between them. E) Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated by some sort of active movement away from each other and the growth of new plasma membrane between them. Answer: A Topic: 8.3, 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 9) Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they A) are simpler. B) are circular in structure. C) include fewer proteins. D) are copied immediately after cell division. E) are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Answer: E Topic: 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 11) Sister chromatids are A) found right after a cell divides. B) tightly linked together at a centromere. C) formed when chromatids separate during cell division. D) made only of DNA. E) unique to prokaryotes. Answer: B Topic: 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 12) Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called A) chromatin. B) sister chromosomes. C) DNA transcripts. D) nucleoli. E) sister chromatids. Answer: E Topic: 8.4
Skill: Factual Recall 13) Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase Answer: A Topic: 8.5 Skill: Factual Recall 14) Which of the following occurs during interphase? A) a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane B) duplication of the chromosomes C) cytokinesis D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes E) separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell Answer: D Topic: 8.5 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 15) The genetic material is duplicated during A) the mitotic phase. B) G1. C) the S phase. D) G2. E) mitosis. Answer: C Topic: 8.5 Skill: Application 16) If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would A) have half the genetic material found in the parent cell. B) be genetically identical to each other. C) be genetically identical to the parent cell. D) synthesize the missing genetic material on their own. E) continue to function without the normal amount of DNA. Answer: A Topic: 8.5
Skill: Conceptual Understanding 20) During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase Answer: C Topic: 8.6 Skill: Factual Recall 21) At the start of mitotic anaphase, A) the centromeres of each chromosome come apart. B) sister chromatids separate. C) the chromatid DNA replicates. D) daughter chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles of the cell. E) equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles. Answer: A Topic: 8.6 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 22) During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase D) interphase E) telophase Answer: E Topic: 8.6 Skill: Factual Recall 23) Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? A) formation of a cell plate B) formation of a cleavage furrow C) lack of cytokinesis D) production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division E) disappearance and subsequent reappearance of the nucleolus Answer: A Topic: 8.7 Skill: Factual Recall
Chapter 5 2) The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates. B) two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them. C) a protein bilayer with embedded phospholipids. D) carbohydrates, proteins, and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane. E) individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer. Answer: E Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) Membrane phospholipids A) have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water. B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water. C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 10) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy. B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. C) glucose cannot enter the cell. D) cholesterol cannot enter the cell. E) plasma membranes must be very thick. Answer: B Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 17) Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is false? A) Diffusion is a result of the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. B) Diffusion is driven by concentration gradients. C) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system. D) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. E) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent. Answer: D Topic: 5.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding
19) Osmosis can be defined as A) the diffusion of water. B) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules. C) active transport. D) the diffusion of a solute. E) endocytosis. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Factual Recall 20) When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration. B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration. C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration. D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane. E) not cross the membrane. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Factual Recall 21) In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water, but not sucrose, to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur? A) Water will leave the balloon. B) Water will enter the balloon. C) Sucrose will leave the balloon. D) Sucrose will enter the balloon. E) Sucrose and water will pass across the balloon simultaneously. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Application 23) A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is A) isotonic to its environment. B) hypertonic to its environment. C) hypotonic to its environment. D) metabolically inactive. E) dead. Answer: A Topic: 5.5 Skill: Factual Recall
24) In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will A) lyse. B) experience turgor. C) neither gain nor lose water. D) shrivel. E) lose water. Answer: A Topic: 5.5 Skill: Application 26) In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) hydrophobic E) hydrophilic Answer: B Topic: 5.5 Skill: Application 30) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. A) energy and transport proteins . . . down B) energy . . . down C) transport proteins . . . down D) energy and transport proteins . . . against E) transport proteins . . . against Answer: C Topic: 5.6 Skill: Factual Recall 33) Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient? A) osmosis B) passive transport C) diffusion D) facilitated diffusion E) active transport Answer: E Topic: 5.7 Skill: Factual Recall 45) According to ________, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
A) Aristotle's first principle B) the first law of thermodynamics C) the second law of thermodynamics D) the third law of thermodynamics E) Einstein's law of relativity Answer: B Topic: 5.11 Skill: Factual Recall 49) Which of the following processes is endergonic? A) the burning of wood B) the release of heat from the breakdown of glucose C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water D) the breakdown of glucose E) cellular respiration Answer: C Topic: 5.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 50) What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions? A) Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent bonds. B) Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds. C) Exergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds. D) Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it. E) In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true. Answer: D Topic: 5.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding

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Semester pre bio spring 2011 with answers

  • 1. Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on A) peas. B) roses. C) guinea pigs. D) fruit flies. E) clones. 2) Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as A) hybrids. B) the F2 generation. C) monohybrid crosses. D) independent crosses. E) true-breeding. 3) Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false? A) The offspring of two different varieties are called hybrids. B) Hybridization is also called a cross. C) The parental plants of a cross are the P generation. D) The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation. E) The hybrid offspring of an F1 cross are the F2 generation. 4) A monohybrid cross is A) the second generation of a self-fertilized plant. B) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one trait in common. C) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character. D) a triploid plant that results from breeding two very different plants. E) a breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one prominent trait. 5) Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false? A) The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype. B) An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be heterozygous for that trait. C) Alleles are alternate forms of a gene. D) An allele that is fully expressed is referred to as recessive. E) The expressed physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype.
  • 2. 6) All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is ________ the allele for orange eyes. A) codominant to B) recessive to C) more aggressive than D) dominant to E) better than 7) All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between two orange-eyed mendeliens? A) 3 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed B) 0 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed C) 1 black-eyed:3 orange-eyed D) 1 black-eyed:0 orange-eyed E) 1 black-eyed:1 orange-eyed 8) The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes. A) the same locus on homologous mitochondrial B) the same locus on heterologous C) different loci on homologous D) different loci on heterologous E) the same locus on homologous 9) The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross is expected to be A) 1:2:1. B) 3:1. C) 9:1:1:3. D) 3:9:9:1. E) 9:3:3:1. 10) If A is dominant to a and B is dominant to b, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the cross: AaBb × AaBb? A) 16:0:0:0 B) 8:4:2:2 C) 4:4:4:4 D) 1:1:1:1 E) 9:3:3:1 11) Mendel's law of independent assortment states that A) chromosomes sort independently of each other during mitosis and meiosis. B) genes sort independently of each other in animals but not in plants. C) independent sorting of genes produces polyploid plants under some circumstances. D) each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation. E) genes are sorted concurrently during gamete formation.
  • 3. 12) Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that three of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that A) both of the parents are homozygous for both traits. B) one of the parents is homozygous for both traits. C) the same alleles that control coat color can also cause PRA. D) the alleles for color and vision segregate independently during gamete formation. E) the alleles for color and vision segregate dependently during gamete formation. 13) Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child will be female and that their second-born child will be male? A) 20% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% 14) A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be ________ to transmit it to offspring. A) heterozygous for the trait and able B) heterozygous for the trait and unable C) homozygous for the trait and able D) homozygous for the trait and unable E) heterozygous for the trait and unlikely 15) Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes? A) DD and dd B) dd and dd C) Dd and Dd D) DD and DD E) Dd and DD 16) The vast majority of people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were A) both affected by the disease. B) not affected at all by the disease. C) slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms. D) subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children. E) affected by the disease but had subclinical symptoms. 17) Crossing over ________ genes into assortments of ________ not found in the parents. A) recombines unlinked . . . genes B) recombines linked . . . alleles C) combines unlinked . . . alleles D) combines linked . . . genes
  • 4. 18) What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male? A) two X chromosomes B) two Y chromosomes C) two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome D) one X chromosome and one Y chromosome E) one Y chromosome 19) The sex chromosome complement of a normal human male is A) XO. B) XX. C) XY. D) YY. E) YO. 20) How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five 21) A color-blind woman marries a man who is not color-blind. All of their sons, but none of their daughters, are color-blind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results? A) The gene for color vision is incompletely dominant to the gene for sex determination. B) The gene for color vision is completely dominant to the gene for sex determination. C) The gene for color vision is codominant with the gene for sex determination. D) The gene for color vision is linked to the X chromosome. E) The gene for color vision is linked to the Y chromosome. 22) Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by the: a) inheritance of units or factors from both parents b) inheritance of units or factors from one parent c) relative health of the parent plants at the time of pollination 23) An allele is: a) another word for a gene b) a homozygous genotype c) a heterozygous genotype d) one of several possible forms of a gene 24) Phenotype refers to the ______________________ of an individual. a) genetic makeup b) actual physical appearance c) recessive alleles
  • 5. 25) Assuming that both parent plants in the diagram below are homozygous, why would all of the f1 generation have yellow phenotypes? a) because the f1 genotypes are homozygous b) because yellow is dominant over green c) because both parents passed on yellow alleles 26) What is the major value in using a Punnett square? a. shows all gametic combinations b. shows genotypic ratios c. shows phenotypic ratios d. shows only b and c e. shows a, b, and c 27) Using the symbols provided above, what is the genotype of a heterozygous tall, homozygous green pod pea plant? a. DdYy b. DDYY c. DdYY d. DDYy e. ddYy 28) Which of the following are true about genes? a. They are passed from parents to offspring b. They are only important during sexual reproduction c. They contain information about specific traits d. They each have a specific location on a chromosome e. all of the above 29) If two alleles of a pair of homologous chromosomes are the same they are called: a. Identical b. Heterozygous c. Homozygous d. Unizygous 30) How would a pair of homozygous dominant alleles be written down? a. aa b. AA c. xx
  • 6. d. Xx 31) Which of the following are true about a heterozygous dominant individual with a dominant allele that specifies blue color and a recessive allele that specifies white color? a. Its phenotype will never be white b. Its phenotype will never be blue c. Its phenotype will always be blue d. Its phenotype will be light blue 32) what is male symbol of pedigree analysis ? a. circle b. square c. round d. triangle 33) According to this figure, heterozygotes for this form of hypercholesterolemia suffer from the disease because they A) produce an abnormally shaped LDL receptor. B) don't produce any HDL receptors. C) don't produce any LDL receptors. D) produce too many LDL receptors. E) don't produce enough LDL receptors. Chp 3 3) Organic compounds A) always contain nitrogen. B) are synthesized only by animal cells. C) always contain carbon. D) can be synthesized only in a laboratory. E) always contain oxygen. Answer: C Topic: 3.1 Skill: Factual Recall
  • 7. 4) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. B) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to four other atoms. C) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. D) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." E) Carbon has the capacity to form polar bonds with hydrogen. Answer: E Topic: 3.1 Skill: Factual Recall 5) You now know that the old cliché "oil and water don't mix" is true. Why? A) Oil exhibits polarity and water does not. B) Water exhibits polarity and oil does not. C) Oil is hydrophilic. D) Water is hydrophobic. E) Oil is an organic compound and water is not. Answer: B Topic: 3.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 8) A hydroxyl group is A) also called a carbonyl group. B) characteristic of proteins. C) hydrophobic. D) characteristic of alcohols. E) basic. Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 9) Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) CO B) OH C) NH2 D) COOH E) SH Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall
  • 8. 10) Which of the following is an amino group? A) OH B) NH2 C) COOH D) CO E) CH3 Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 12) Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A) amino acids B) fats C) sugars D) ATP E) vinegar Answer: A Topic: 3.2 Skill: Factual Recall 14) Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A) Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. B) The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. C) Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. D) DNA is built from just four kinds of monomers. E) Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Answer: E Topic: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 15) Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. B) Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers. C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. D) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. E) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. Answer: E Topic: 3.3
  • 9. Skill: Factual Recall 17) Which list below consists of only polymers? A) sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids B) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids C) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides D) proteins, lipids, nucleotides, sugars E) polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids Answer: C Topic: 3.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 18) What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A) to promote the synthesis of monomers B) to induce chemical reactions C) to stop chemical reactions D) to speed up chemical reactions E) to reverse the direction of chemical reactions Answer: D Topic: 3.3 Skill: Factual Recall 22) Sucrose is formed A) from two glucose molecules. B) from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis. C) when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides. D) when water molecules are added to two monosaccharides. E) when glucose and lactose are combined. Answer: B Topic: 3.5 Skill: Factual Recall 23) A disaccharide forms when A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis. B) two starches join by dehydration synthesis. C) two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. D) two starches join by hydrolysis. E) a starch and a monosaccharide join by dehydration synthesis. Answer: A Topic: 3.5 Skill: Factual Recall
  • 10. 34) Fatty acids are A) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. B) composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group. C) hydrophobic. D) composed of four linked rings. E) components of DNA. Answer: C Topic: 3.8 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 40) A phospholipid is composed of A) one glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids. B) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. C) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. D) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. E) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids. Answer: E Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 41) Which of the following substances is a lipid? A) DNA B) glucose C) cellulose D) steroids E) enzymes Answer: C Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 42) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is A) cellulose. B) triglycerides. C) phospholipids. D) glycerol. E) waxes. Answer: C Topic: 3.9 Skill: Factual Recall 48) Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
  • 11. A) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. B) the chemical properties of their R groups. C) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. D) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. E) the number of alpha carbons present in the amino acid molecules Answer: B Topic: 3.12 Skill: Factual Recall 50) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins. A) oils B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) monosaccharides E) lards Answer: B Topic: 3.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 51) Peptide bonds A) are used to form amino acids. B) form between fatty acids. C) are formed by a hydrolysis reaction. D) link amino acids. E) bind monosaccharides. Answer: D Topic: 3.12 Skill: Factual Recall Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements about cells is true? A) All cells have cell walls. B) All cells have internal structures that move. C) All cells are attached to other cells. D) All cells are motile. E) All cells have static organelles.
  • 12. Answer: B Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Light microscopes A) can generally magnify objects about 10,000 times without blurring. B) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope. C) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied. D) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image. E) are generally not used to view bacteria. Answer: D Topic: 4.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters. A) 0.01 B) 0.10 C) 10 D) 100 E) 1,000 Answer: C Topic: 4.1 Skill: Factual Recall 11) As cell size increases, the A) volume and surface area decrease. B) volume increases faster than the surface area. C) surface area increases faster than the volume. D) surface area and volume increase at the same rate. E) surface area decreases while the volume remains constant. Answer: B Topic: 4.2 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 16) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? A) a membrane-bound nucleus B) nucleoid C) a cell wall D) membrane-enclosed organelles E) ribosomes
  • 13. Answer: B Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 17) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell A) contains the cell's DNA. B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm. C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. D) contains the cell's nucleoli. E) is the site of organelle production. Answer: A Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 18) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. A) Plant B) Animal C) Prokaryotic D) Eukaryotic E) Fungal Answer: C Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 19) A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its A) ribosomes. B) nucleus. C) peroxisome. D) nucleoid region. E) capsule. Answer: D Topic: 4.3 Skill: Factual Recall 24) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles B) centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls C) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . cell membranes D) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus E) centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
  • 14. Answer: A Topic: 4.4 Skill: Factual Recall 28) The nucleus of a cell A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. B) is contained within the nucleolus. C) is the region of the cell where ribosomes are degraded. D) contains DNA. E) is the primary location of protein synthesis. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 29) Long fibers of DNA and protein are called A) chromatin. B) a nucleolus. C) a ribosome. D) a lysosome. E) a central vacuole. Answer: A Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called A) ribosomes. B) lysosomes. C) peroxisomes. D) chromosomes. E) nucleoli. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 31) The function of the nucleolus is A) to manufacture polypeptides. B) to manufacture ribosomal RNA. C) intracellular digestion. D) to store chromatin. E) to produce H2O2.
  • 15. Answer: B Topic: 4.6 Skill: Factual Recall 34) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits? A) nuclear envelope B) nucleolus C) plasma membrane D) endoplasmic reticulum E) cytoplasm Answer: C Topic: 4.7 Skill: Factual Recall 37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells. B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells. C) produces proteins for cell membranes. D) produces antibodies. E) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis. Answer: A Topic: 4.9 Skill: Factual Recall 38) The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of A) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell. B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. C) ribosomes and steroid hormones. D) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. E) chromatin and mitochondria. Answer: D Topic: 4.9 Skill: Factual Recall 41) The Golgi apparatus A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins. C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins. D) forms fats from glycerols and fatty acids. E) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
  • 16. Answer: B Topic: 4.10 Skill: Factual Recall 42) Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false? A) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. B) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. C) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. D) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum. E) The Golgi apparatus sorts molecules according to their destination. Answer: C Topic: 4.10 Skill: Factual Recall 43) Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids. C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells. E) Lysosomes recycle materials within the cell. Answer: B Topic: 4.11 Skill: Factual Recall 47) Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store pigments that will help attract pollinating insects. C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling. E) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. Answer: D Topic: 4.12 Skill: Factual Recall 48) Contractile vacuoles A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. B) help in the excretion of excess salt. C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment. E) stimulate the absorption of salt water.
  • 17. Answer: C Topic: 4.12 Skill: Factual Recall 50) Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol? A) peroxosome B) Golgi apparatus C) smooth ER D) nucleus E) ribosomes Answer: A Topic: 4.13 Skill: Factual Recall 52) The function of mitochondria is A) cellular respiration. B) intracellular transport of proteins. C) lipid synthesis. D) photosynthesis. E) intracellular digestion. Answer: A Topic: 4.14 Skill: Factual Recall 55) The function of chloroplasts is A) cellular respiration. B) intracellular transport of proteins. C) lipid synthesis. D) photosynthesis. E) intracellular digestion. Answer: D Topic: 4.15 Skill: Factual Recall Art Questions 1)
  • 18. According to this figure, which of the following is large enough to see in the light microscope? A) atoms B) proteins C) ribosome D) viruses E) mitochondria Answer: E Topic: 4.2 Skill: Application
  • 19. 2) Which part of the mitochondrion shown is its matrix? A) structure A B) structure B C) structure C D) structure D E) structure E Answer: E Topic: 4.14 Skill: Factual Recall Chapter 8 1) The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called A) asexual reproduction. B) sexual reproduction. C) a life cycle. D) regeneration. E) spontaneous generation. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
  • 20. A) Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction. B) Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from two parents. C) Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs. D) Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation than is asexual reproduction. E) Only asexual reproduction results from the union of a sperm and an egg. Answer: D Topic: Opening Essay, 8.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 4) Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s). A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 Answer: B Topic: 8.1 Skill: Factual Recall 5) With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have A) identical chromosomes, but different genes. B) identical genes but different chromosomes. C) the same combination of traits, but different genes. D) only a 20% chance of sharing the same combination of genes. E) a similar but not identical combination of genes. Answer: E Topic: 8.1 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 7) Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false? A) Cell division can reproduce an entire organism. B) Cell division is necessary for development to occur. C) Cell division ensures the continuity of life from generation to generation. D) Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. E) Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. Answer: E Topic: 8.2 Skill: Factual Recall 8) Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?
  • 21. A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes. B) Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. C) Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. D) In prokaryotes, daughter chromosomes are separated by an active movement away from each other and the growth of a new plasma membrane between them. E) Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated by some sort of active movement away from each other and the growth of new plasma membrane between them. Answer: A Topic: 8.3, 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 9) Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they A) are simpler. B) are circular in structure. C) include fewer proteins. D) are copied immediately after cell division. E) are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Answer: E Topic: 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 11) Sister chromatids are A) found right after a cell divides. B) tightly linked together at a centromere. C) formed when chromatids separate during cell division. D) made only of DNA. E) unique to prokaryotes. Answer: B Topic: 8.4 Skill: Factual Recall 12) Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called A) chromatin. B) sister chromosomes. C) DNA transcripts. D) nucleoli. E) sister chromatids. Answer: E Topic: 8.4
  • 22. Skill: Factual Recall 13) Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase Answer: A Topic: 8.5 Skill: Factual Recall 14) Which of the following occurs during interphase? A) a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane B) duplication of the chromosomes C) cytokinesis D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes E) separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell Answer: D Topic: 8.5 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 15) The genetic material is duplicated during A) the mitotic phase. B) G1. C) the S phase. D) G2. E) mitosis. Answer: C Topic: 8.5 Skill: Application 16) If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would A) have half the genetic material found in the parent cell. B) be genetically identical to each other. C) be genetically identical to the parent cell. D) synthesize the missing genetic material on their own. E) continue to function without the normal amount of DNA. Answer: A Topic: 8.5
  • 23. Skill: Conceptual Understanding 20) During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase Answer: C Topic: 8.6 Skill: Factual Recall 21) At the start of mitotic anaphase, A) the centromeres of each chromosome come apart. B) sister chromatids separate. C) the chromatid DNA replicates. D) daughter chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles of the cell. E) equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles. Answer: A Topic: 8.6 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 22) During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase D) interphase E) telophase Answer: E Topic: 8.6 Skill: Factual Recall 23) Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? A) formation of a cell plate B) formation of a cleavage furrow C) lack of cytokinesis D) production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division E) disappearance and subsequent reappearance of the nucleolus Answer: A Topic: 8.7 Skill: Factual Recall
  • 24. Chapter 5 2) The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates. B) two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them. C) a protein bilayer with embedded phospholipids. D) carbohydrates, proteins, and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane. E) individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer. Answer: E Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) Membrane phospholipids A) have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water. B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water. C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 10) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy. B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. C) glucose cannot enter the cell. D) cholesterol cannot enter the cell. E) plasma membranes must be very thick. Answer: B Topic: 5.1 Skill: Factual Recall 17) Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is false? A) Diffusion is a result of the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. B) Diffusion is driven by concentration gradients. C) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system. D) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. E) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent. Answer: D Topic: 5.3 Skill: Conceptual Understanding
  • 25. 19) Osmosis can be defined as A) the diffusion of water. B) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules. C) active transport. D) the diffusion of a solute. E) endocytosis. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Factual Recall 20) When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration. B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration. C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration. D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane. E) not cross the membrane. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Factual Recall 21) In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water, but not sucrose, to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur? A) Water will leave the balloon. B) Water will enter the balloon. C) Sucrose will leave the balloon. D) Sucrose will enter the balloon. E) Sucrose and water will pass across the balloon simultaneously. Answer: A Topic: 5.4 Skill: Application 23) A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is A) isotonic to its environment. B) hypertonic to its environment. C) hypotonic to its environment. D) metabolically inactive. E) dead. Answer: A Topic: 5.5 Skill: Factual Recall
  • 26. 24) In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will A) lyse. B) experience turgor. C) neither gain nor lose water. D) shrivel. E) lose water. Answer: A Topic: 5.5 Skill: Application 26) In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) hydrophobic E) hydrophilic Answer: B Topic: 5.5 Skill: Application 30) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. A) energy and transport proteins . . . down B) energy . . . down C) transport proteins . . . down D) energy and transport proteins . . . against E) transport proteins . . . against Answer: C Topic: 5.6 Skill: Factual Recall 33) Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient? A) osmosis B) passive transport C) diffusion D) facilitated diffusion E) active transport Answer: E Topic: 5.7 Skill: Factual Recall 45) According to ________, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
  • 27. A) Aristotle's first principle B) the first law of thermodynamics C) the second law of thermodynamics D) the third law of thermodynamics E) Einstein's law of relativity Answer: B Topic: 5.11 Skill: Factual Recall 49) Which of the following processes is endergonic? A) the burning of wood B) the release of heat from the breakdown of glucose C) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water D) the breakdown of glucose E) cellular respiration Answer: C Topic: 5.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding 50) What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions? A) Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent bonds. B) Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds. C) Exergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds. D) Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it. E) In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true. Answer: D Topic: 5.12 Skill: Conceptual Understanding