Shells/ Valence Electrons
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The document discusses the periodic table and properties of elements. It explains that each row of the periodic table is called a period, with elements in the same period having the same number of electron shells. It also explains that each column is called a group, with elements in the same group having the same number of valence electrons in their outer shell. The document provides examples of determining the number of shells and valence electrons for various elements based on their period and group.
Shells/ Valence Electrons
- 1. www.middleschoolscience.com 2008 All images are from www.Chem4kids.com
- 2. Period s •Each row is called a “period” •The elements in each period have the same number of shells www.chem4kids.com
- 3. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. Group 1 = 1 electron Group 2 = 2 electrons Except for He, it has 2 electrons •The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com
- 4. Transition Metals •Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. •This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com
- 5. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com
- 6. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: 3rd Period = 3 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com
- 7. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 8. Write your answers on your handout. 2nd Period = 2 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons Name the element. Neon Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 9. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 10. Write your answers on your handout. 1st Period = 1 shell 1st Group = 1 valence electron Name the element. Hydrogen Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 11. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 12. Write your answers on your handout. 2nd Period = 2 shells 2nd Group = 2 valence electrons Name the element. Beryllium Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 13. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 14. Write your answers on your handout. 3rd Period = 3 shells 6th Group = 6 valence electrons Name the element. Sulfur Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 15. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 16. Write your answers on your handout. 4th Period = 4 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron Name the element. Potassium Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 17. Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?
- 18. Write your answers on your handout. 1st Period = 1 shell 8th Group = 2 valence electrons Name the element. Helium Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? • Helium is the exception in Group 8. • Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. • It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.
- 19. End of Study Guide