The document discusses Spain in the 19th century, covering major events like the War of Independence against Napoleon, the liberal Triennium period, the Carlist Wars and regencies during the reign of Isabella II, the Democratic Sexennial period, and the loss of Spanish territories in the Americas and the Spanish-American War of 1898. Key figures mentioned include Francisco Goya, Ferdinand VII, Rafael del Riego, Simón Bolívar, and leaders during the reigns of Isabella II and the Bourbon Restoration. Major political changes discussed include the Spanish Constitution of 1812, the absolutism under Ferdinand VII, and the various unstable periods that followed.
