Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Silvicultural systems

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
Vivek Srivastava
Vivek Srivastava

Silviculture is the art and science of growing and reproducing trees in a sustainable way based on forest ecology principles. There are even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems that use natural regeneration strategies or planting to meet landowner objectives. Common even-aged systems include clearcutting, where all trees are harvested at once, and shelterwood, where trees are harvested in two cuts to establish regeneration first. Selection is an uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are periodically harvested over 10-15 years. Intermediate treatments like thinning improve stand quality between regeneration harvests. Natural regeneration uses seeds and sprouts while artificial regeneration may involve site preparation and planting.

1 of 14
SILVICULTURE “The art and science of reproducing and growing trees and forests in a sustainable manner based on principles of forest ecology for the benefit of society.”
SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS A silvicultural system is a series of forestry practices using natural strategies designed to regenerate specific forest types according to landowner objectives. Even-aged vs. Uneven-aged Clearcutting Shelterwood Selection Intermediate Treatments Artificial Regeneration
NATURAL REGENERATION SeedsSprouts Suckers Layering Most of our forests are regenerated using natural strategies in silvicultural systems. Planting is not necessary but can be successful
CLEARCUTTING An even-aged system where all or nearly all of the trees are harvested at one time. Forest Types: Pines, Spruces, Oaks Clearcut Seed-Tree
SHELTERWOOD An even-aged system where one or two cuts are used prior to the final harvest. The first two cuts stimulate and establish advanced regeneration before the final harvest cut. Final Crop Should Be: • Windfirm • Good Seeders • Undamaged by Logging Uniform Group Strip
SELECTION A selection harvest IS NOT a diameter-limit cut! An uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are harvested on a cycle of about 10-15 years. Single-Tree Group
INTERMEDIATE TREATMENTS Nearly any forestry practice not connected with regeneration or harvest can be considered an intermediate treatment. Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) Weeding, Cleaning, Sanitation Cutting Protection Pruning
TIMBER STAND IMPROVEMENT TSI thinnings are intended to improve the quality of a timber stand. They can be commercial or non-commercial. Low Fork Crooked Crowded Unwanted Species Before TSI After TSI
ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION We usually think only of the physical act of planting trees, but there is much more to consider in order to achieve success. Species Selection Site Selection Site Preparation Planting Methods Competition Control Direct Seeding Underplanting
Silvicultural systems
Classification of silvicultural systems 1. coppice systems 2. high forest systems a) regeneration over whole forest which is uneven-aged polycyclic or selection systems b) regeneration concentrated in one part of forest at any one time i) old crop removed in several fellings over years shelterwood systems ii) old crop removed by a single felling monocyclic or clear felling system
Intensive versus extensive systems Intensive (monocyclic) systems coppice coppice with standards clear felling (shelterwood) Extensive (polycyclic) systems selection group systems
Uniform shelterwood system
Group system

More Related Content

Silvicultural systems

  • 1. SILVICULTURE “The art and science of reproducing and growing trees and forests in a sustainable manner based on principles of forest ecology for the benefit of society.”
  • 2. SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS A silvicultural system is a series of forestry practices using natural strategies designed to regenerate specific forest types according to landowner objectives. Even-aged vs. Uneven-aged Clearcutting Shelterwood Selection Intermediate Treatments Artificial Regeneration
  • 3. NATURAL REGENERATION SeedsSprouts Suckers Layering Most of our forests are regenerated using natural strategies in silvicultural systems. Planting is not necessary but can be successful
  • 4. CLEARCUTTING An even-aged system where all or nearly all of the trees are harvested at one time. Forest Types: Pines, Spruces, Oaks Clearcut Seed-Tree
  • 5. SHELTERWOOD An even-aged system where one or two cuts are used prior to the final harvest. The first two cuts stimulate and establish advanced regeneration before the final harvest cut. Final Crop Should Be: • Windfirm • Good Seeders • Undamaged by Logging Uniform Group Strip
  • 6. SELECTION A selection harvest IS NOT a diameter-limit cut! An uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are harvested on a cycle of about 10-15 years. Single-Tree Group
  • 7. INTERMEDIATE TREATMENTS Nearly any forestry practice not connected with regeneration or harvest can be considered an intermediate treatment. Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) Weeding, Cleaning, Sanitation Cutting Protection Pruning
  • 8. TIMBER STAND IMPROVEMENT TSI thinnings are intended to improve the quality of a timber stand. They can be commercial or non-commercial. Low Fork Crooked Crowded Unwanted Species Before TSI After TSI
  • 9. ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION We usually think only of the physical act of planting trees, but there is much more to consider in order to achieve success. Species Selection Site Selection Site Preparation Planting Methods Competition Control Direct Seeding Underplanting
  • 11. Classification of silvicultural systems 1. coppice systems 2. high forest systems a) regeneration over whole forest which is uneven-aged polycyclic or selection systems b) regeneration concentrated in one part of forest at any one time i) old crop removed in several fellings over years shelterwood systems ii) old crop removed by a single felling monocyclic or clear felling system
  • 12. Intensive versus extensive systems Intensive (monocyclic) systems coppice coppice with standards clear felling (shelterwood) Extensive (polycyclic) systems selection group systems