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Sisoo

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Deepak Gautam Tutunga
Deepak Gautam Tutunga

1. The document provides information on two tree species found in Nepal: Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo) and Shorea robusta (Sal). 2. For each species, details are given on their natural occurrence, silvicultural characteristics, uses, diseases, and photos. 3. Key information includes Sissoo being a light demander that grows well in alluvial soil, while Sal is drought sensitive but fire resistant and commonly found between 1000-1500m elevation in Nepal.

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Tharu de bhumi
Tharu de bhumi
Submitted by: Bhumi Prakash Chaudhary Tharu (42) Submitted to: Deepak Gautam Assistant Professor, IOF,Pokhara
Formulae basics 1.light 2. Frost 3.Drought 4.Fire 5.Coppice 6.Browsing 7.Tree Nature 8. Soil / pH 9. Root system 10. Associat es 1. SLD 1.FH 1.DH 1. FH 1. Good 1. BH 1. E 1. A 1. Tap 1. Close spp. 2. MLD 2. MFH 2.MDH 2. MFH 2. Fairly 2. BS 2. D 2. B 2. Adventitio us 3. LD 3. FS 3. DS 3. FS 3. Non- coppice 3. NP 3.N 4. SB 4. YTBMH 4. VDS 4. CWIESBN L 4. P 4. Alluival 5. SD Grand salute to “Deepak Sir- The Former of formulae”
Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo) Introduction : • Scientific Name : Dalbergia sissoo • Local Name : Sissoo • Family : Leguminosae • Sub-family : Papilionaceae Natural occurrence :  It is one of the most valuable tree species of the sub- Himalayan area from Assam to Afghanistan and grows up to 1500m asl.
Strong light demander Frost hardy species Drought hardy Light Frost Drought
Moderate fire resistance Good coppice ,pollard, produces abundant root suckers Gazing and browsing sensitive Deciduous tree with clear bole Best in alluvial soil, poor in saline soil, heavy clay soil, and never in waterlogged areas long taproot and numerous surface roots which produce suckers Good with Acacia catechu Fire Coppice Browsing Tree nature Soil /pH Root sys. associates
Other • Roots are nodulated • Weed sensitive seedling • Grass competition
Uses • As timber : heartwood is mostly used for furniture, building and carving and engraving • Fuel wood : excellent for fuelwood as both sap and heart wood have excellent calorific value, make best charcoal for heating and cooking. • Fodder : valuable , contains 15- 16 % crude protein and 50 % digestable nutrients • Ecological value : leguminous plant and helps in nitrogen fixation. • Other : tree is excellent source of honey
• TRADITIONALLAY : slender tree twigs (called datun) are first chewed as a toothbrush and then split as a tongue cleaner. • Medicinal values : used in Siddha medicine system for skin disorders and stomach related issues • As pesticides : Ethanolic extract of the fruits of Dalbergia sissoo exhibited molluscicide effect against eggs of the freshwater snail
Diseases : die-back of Dalbergia sissoo caused by Fusarium spp and Ganoderma lucidium. D.D. Shakya 1* and P.B. Lakhey 2* ,2006. Confirmation of Fusarium solani as the causal agent of die-back of Dalbergia sissoo in Nepal. New Disease Reports (2006) 14, 6. Citation:
Photo plates
On my own click
Shorea robusta
Introduction • Botanical name : Shorea robusta • Local name : Agrakh = Sakhua = Sal = Sakwa • Family : Dipterocapecae
Natural occurance • It is commonly found in the elevation between terai -1000 m to 1500 m. • It is dominant in Bhabar, Terai, Duns and also most of the siwalik hills along with river valleys. • Stainton ,1972 distinguished sal forest in Nepal into two types I. Bhabar ,Terai , and Duns Sal forest II. Hill sal forest
Silvicultural Characteristics: formulae : 32312*221Saj • Light : light demander • Frost : moderately frost hardy • Drought : drought sensitive , show frequently dying back phenomenon • Fire : strong fire resistance • Coppice : well coppices in 20 – 30 cm in diameter
• Browsing : Sensitive to grazing and browsing. • Tree nature : Deciduous for short time, one of the most gregarious forest tree. It grows up in more or less even aged crops . • Soil : prefer old alluvium soil, and not in very sandy , gravelly soils, water logged areas,stiff clips, and limestone areas • Root : tap root system • Associates : Primarily associates with Dabdabe, Kutmiro, Koiralo, Tanki, Haldu, Gamhari, Saj, Sandan, Tooni, Tendu etc
Uses • Timber : main construction material in Nepal mainly for door, window frame, planking, carts, and carvings too. After preservative treatment ,sal poles are suitable for overhead, electric , telegraph, and telephones lines . • Firewood and charcoal : It is an excellent fuelwood. • Fooder : leaves are preferred • Edible food : seeds eaten after roasting, contains 19- 20 % of fatty oil ,and also made for shop. • Sometimes its leaves are used for making Taapari.
Photos
Reference • Thakur R.B & Phulara N.K ,2014. A compendium of Tree species of Nepal . Mr and Mrs. Thakur, Pipariya VDC-6 , Sarlahi, Nepal. • Most of the photos were googled and the credit goes to the copyright persona.
Sisoo
Tharu de bhumi

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Sisoo

  • 3. Submitted by: Bhumi Prakash Chaudhary Tharu (42) Submitted to: Deepak Gautam Assistant Professor, IOF,Pokhara
  • 4. Formulae basics 1.light 2. Frost 3.Drought 4.Fire 5.Coppice 6.Browsing 7.Tree Nature 8. Soil / pH 9. Root system 10. Associat es 1. SLD 1.FH 1.DH 1. FH 1. Good 1. BH 1. E 1. A 1. Tap 1. Close spp. 2. MLD 2. MFH 2.MDH 2. MFH 2. Fairly 2. BS 2. D 2. B 2. Adventitio us 3. LD 3. FS 3. DS 3. FS 3. Non- coppice 3. NP 3.N 4. SB 4. YTBMH 4. VDS 4. CWIESBN L 4. P 4. Alluival 5. SD Grand salute to “Deepak Sir- The Former of formulae”
  • 5. Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo) Introduction : • Scientific Name : Dalbergia sissoo • Local Name : Sissoo • Family : Leguminosae • Sub-family : Papilionaceae Natural occurrence :  It is one of the most valuable tree species of the sub- Himalayan area from Assam to Afghanistan and grows up to 1500m asl.
  • 6. Strong light demander Frost hardy species Drought hardy Light Frost Drought
  • 7. Moderate fire resistance Good coppice ,pollard, produces abundant root suckers Gazing and browsing sensitive Deciduous tree with clear bole Best in alluvial soil, poor in saline soil, heavy clay soil, and never in waterlogged areas long taproot and numerous surface roots which produce suckers Good with Acacia catechu Fire Coppice Browsing Tree nature Soil /pH Root sys. associates
  • 8. Other • Roots are nodulated • Weed sensitive seedling • Grass competition
  • 9. Uses • As timber : heartwood is mostly used for furniture, building and carving and engraving • Fuel wood : excellent for fuelwood as both sap and heart wood have excellent calorific value, make best charcoal for heating and cooking. • Fodder : valuable , contains 15- 16 % crude protein and 50 % digestable nutrients • Ecological value : leguminous plant and helps in nitrogen fixation. • Other : tree is excellent source of honey
  • 10. • TRADITIONALLAY : slender tree twigs (called datun) are first chewed as a toothbrush and then split as a tongue cleaner. • Medicinal values : used in Siddha medicine system for skin disorders and stomach related issues • As pesticides : Ethanolic extract of the fruits of Dalbergia sissoo exhibited molluscicide effect against eggs of the freshwater snail
  • 11. Diseases : die-back of Dalbergia sissoo caused by Fusarium spp and Ganoderma lucidium. D.D. Shakya 1* and P.B. Lakhey 2* ,2006. Confirmation of Fusarium solani as the causal agent of die-back of Dalbergia sissoo in Nepal. New Disease Reports (2006) 14, 6. Citation:
  • 13. On my own click
  • 15. Introduction • Botanical name : Shorea robusta • Local name : Agrakh = Sakhua = Sal = Sakwa • Family : Dipterocapecae
  • 16. Natural occurance • It is commonly found in the elevation between terai -1000 m to 1500 m. • It is dominant in Bhabar, Terai, Duns and also most of the siwalik hills along with river valleys. • Stainton ,1972 distinguished sal forest in Nepal into two types I. Bhabar ,Terai , and Duns Sal forest II. Hill sal forest
  • 17. Silvicultural Characteristics: formulae : 32312*221Saj • Light : light demander • Frost : moderately frost hardy • Drought : drought sensitive , show frequently dying back phenomenon • Fire : strong fire resistance • Coppice : well coppices in 20 – 30 cm in diameter
  • 18. • Browsing : Sensitive to grazing and browsing. • Tree nature : Deciduous for short time, one of the most gregarious forest tree. It grows up in more or less even aged crops . • Soil : prefer old alluvium soil, and not in very sandy , gravelly soils, water logged areas,stiff clips, and limestone areas • Root : tap root system • Associates : Primarily associates with Dabdabe, Kutmiro, Koiralo, Tanki, Haldu, Gamhari, Saj, Sandan, Tooni, Tendu etc
  • 19. Uses • Timber : main construction material in Nepal mainly for door, window frame, planking, carts, and carvings too. After preservative treatment ,sal poles are suitable for overhead, electric , telegraph, and telephones lines . • Firewood and charcoal : It is an excellent fuelwood. • Fooder : leaves are preferred • Edible food : seeds eaten after roasting, contains 19- 20 % of fatty oil ,and also made for shop. • Sometimes its leaves are used for making Taapari.
  • 21. Reference • Thakur R.B & Phulara N.K ,2014. A compendium of Tree species of Nepal . Mr and Mrs. Thakur, Pipariya VDC-6 , Sarlahi, Nepal. • Most of the photos were googled and the credit goes to the copyright persona.