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Smart Card

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Alan Leewllyn Bivera

The document discusses smart cards, which resemble credit cards but contain an embedded microprocessor chip. Smart cards can store data and applications, perform computations, and provide strong security features like cryptography. They work by communicating with an external smart card reader via contact or contactless transmission. The reader acts as an intermediary to transfer data between the card and other devices. Smart cards contain an operating system that controls access to data stored on the microchip and can run multiple applications simultaneously. They are commonly used for identity verification, payments, and health/banking applications due to their portability and security.

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Prepared by NITHU.S.MENON S2.MCA SMART CARD
The smart card is one of the latest additions to the world of information technology. Similar in size to today's plastic payment card, the smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many different applications. As an access-control device, smart cards make personal and business data available only to the appropriate users. Another application provides users with the ability to make a purchase or exchange value.
Smart cards provide data portability, security and convenience. Smart cards come in two varieties: memory and microprocessor. Memory cards simply store data and can be viewed as a small floppy disk with optional security. A microprocessor card, on the other hand, can add, delete and manipulate information in its memory on the card. Similar to a miniature computer, a microprocessor card has an input/output port operating system and hard disk with built-in security features. On a fundamental level, microprocessor cards are similar to desktop computers. They have operating systems, they store data and applications, they compute and process information and they can be protected with sophisticated security tools.
The smart card is an electronic recording device. Information in the microchip can instantaneously verify the cardholder's identity and any privileges to which the cardholder may be entitled. Information such as withdrawals, sales, and bills can be processed immediately and if/when necessary; those records can be transmitted to a central computer for file updating.
 
What is a smart card? A smart card resembles a credit card in size and shape, but inside it is completely different. First of all, it has an inside -- a normal credit card is a simple piece of plastic. The inside of a smart card usually contains an embedded microprocessor . The microprocessor is under a gold contact pad on one side of the card. Smart cards are defined by the ISO 7816 standards.
Smarts cards may have up to 8 kilobytes of RAM, 346 kilobytes of ROM , 256 kilobytes of programmable ROM, and a 16-bit microprocessor. The smart card uses a serial interface and receives its power from external sources like a card reader. The processor uses a limited instruction set for applications such as cryptography
How does a smart card works? Smart Card Readers are also known as card programmers (because they can write to a card), card terminals, card acceptance device (CAD) or an interface device (IFD). Smart cards are portable data cards that must communicate with another device to gain access to a display device or a network. Cards can be plugged into a reader, commonly referred to as a card terminal, or they can operate using radio frequencies (RF).
When the smart card and the card reader come into contact, each identifies itself to the other by sending and receiving information. If the messages exchanged do not match, no further processing takes place. So, unlike ordinary bank cards, smart cards can defend themselves against unauthorized users and uses in innovative security measures.
SMART CARD READERS Dedicated terminals Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer, often also have biometric devices such as thumb print scanner. Computer based readers Connect through USB or COM (Serial) ports
Communicating with a Smart Card Reader The reader provides a path for your application to send and receive commands from the card. There are many types of readers available, such as serial, PCCard, and standard keyboard models. Unfortunately, the ISO group was unable to provide a standard for communicating with the readers so there is no one-size-fits-all approach to smart card communication. Each manufacturer provides a different protocol for communication with the reader. First you have to communicate with the reader. Second, the reader communicates with the card, acting as the intermediary before sending the data to the card. Third, the card will process the data and return it to the reader, which will then return the data to its originating source.
What is a smart card operating system? A smart card contains an integrated circuit (IC) chip containing a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory ( RAM ) and non-volatile data storage. Data stored in the smart card's microchip can be accessed only through the chip operating system (COS). Smart cards provide a secure, portable platform for "any time, anywhere" computing that can contain and manipulate substantial amounts of data, especially an individual's personal digital identity. Smart cards are a type of mini computer with an operating system capable of running a variety of applications. JavaCard is a multi-application smart card operating system which provides an API with a set of standard classes through which common java applets can be loaded and executed on the smart card.
Java's portability allows smart cards to become a general-purpose computing platform while creating a potentially huge market for application software and development. Due to the increasing demand for smart card applications, businesses and service providers are constantly looking for innovations and applications for available services that could utilize smart card technology.
Types of Smart Cards Contact Cards and Contactless Cards Contact Cards require insertion into a smart card reader with a direct connection to a conductive micro-module on the surface of the card. Contactless Cards require only close proximity (a few inches) of a reader
Categories of Smart Cards Integrated Circuit (IC) Microprocessor Cards: Allow for adding, deleting, or manipulating information in memory, allowing for a variety of applications and dynamic read/write capabilities. Most Smart Cards in use for mobile applications are of this type. IC Memory Cards: Can store data, but do not have a processor on the card. Optical Memory Cards: Can only store data, but have a larger memory capacity than IC memory cards.
Security Mechanisms Password Card holder’s protection Cryptographic challenge Response Entity authentication Biometric information Person’s identification A combination of one or more
CONCLUSION The self-containment of smart card makes it resistant to attack as it does not need to depend upon potentially vulnerable external resources. Because of this characteristic, smart cards are often used in different applications, which require strong security protection and authentication. Smart cards are much more popular in Europe than in the United States. In Europe, the health insurance and banking industries use smart cards extensively. Every German citizen has a smart card for health insurance. Even though smart cards have been around in their modern form for at least a decade, they are just starting to take off in the United States.
References: Smart Card Handbook ISO7816 standards www.parivahan.nic.in
THANK YOU

More Related Content

Smart Card

  • 1. Prepared by NITHU.S.MENON S2.MCA SMART CARD
  • 2. The smart card is one of the latest additions to the world of information technology. Similar in size to today's plastic payment card, the smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many different applications. As an access-control device, smart cards make personal and business data available only to the appropriate users. Another application provides users with the ability to make a purchase or exchange value.
  • 3. Smart cards provide data portability, security and convenience. Smart cards come in two varieties: memory and microprocessor. Memory cards simply store data and can be viewed as a small floppy disk with optional security. A microprocessor card, on the other hand, can add, delete and manipulate information in its memory on the card. Similar to a miniature computer, a microprocessor card has an input/output port operating system and hard disk with built-in security features. On a fundamental level, microprocessor cards are similar to desktop computers. They have operating systems, they store data and applications, they compute and process information and they can be protected with sophisticated security tools.
  • 4. The smart card is an electronic recording device. Information in the microchip can instantaneously verify the cardholder's identity and any privileges to which the cardholder may be entitled. Information such as withdrawals, sales, and bills can be processed immediately and if/when necessary; those records can be transmitted to a central computer for file updating.
  • 5.  
  • 6. What is a smart card? A smart card resembles a credit card in size and shape, but inside it is completely different. First of all, it has an inside -- a normal credit card is a simple piece of plastic. The inside of a smart card usually contains an embedded microprocessor . The microprocessor is under a gold contact pad on one side of the card. Smart cards are defined by the ISO 7816 standards.
  • 7. Smarts cards may have up to 8 kilobytes of RAM, 346 kilobytes of ROM , 256 kilobytes of programmable ROM, and a 16-bit microprocessor. The smart card uses a serial interface and receives its power from external sources like a card reader. The processor uses a limited instruction set for applications such as cryptography
  • 8. How does a smart card works? Smart Card Readers are also known as card programmers (because they can write to a card), card terminals, card acceptance device (CAD) or an interface device (IFD). Smart cards are portable data cards that must communicate with another device to gain access to a display device or a network. Cards can be plugged into a reader, commonly referred to as a card terminal, or they can operate using radio frequencies (RF).
  • 9. When the smart card and the card reader come into contact, each identifies itself to the other by sending and receiving information. If the messages exchanged do not match, no further processing takes place. So, unlike ordinary bank cards, smart cards can defend themselves against unauthorized users and uses in innovative security measures.
  • 10. SMART CARD READERS Dedicated terminals Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer, often also have biometric devices such as thumb print scanner. Computer based readers Connect through USB or COM (Serial) ports
  • 11. Communicating with a Smart Card Reader The reader provides a path for your application to send and receive commands from the card. There are many types of readers available, such as serial, PCCard, and standard keyboard models. Unfortunately, the ISO group was unable to provide a standard for communicating with the readers so there is no one-size-fits-all approach to smart card communication. Each manufacturer provides a different protocol for communication with the reader. First you have to communicate with the reader. Second, the reader communicates with the card, acting as the intermediary before sending the data to the card. Third, the card will process the data and return it to the reader, which will then return the data to its originating source.
  • 12. What is a smart card operating system? A smart card contains an integrated circuit (IC) chip containing a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory ( RAM ) and non-volatile data storage. Data stored in the smart card's microchip can be accessed only through the chip operating system (COS). Smart cards provide a secure, portable platform for "any time, anywhere" computing that can contain and manipulate substantial amounts of data, especially an individual's personal digital identity. Smart cards are a type of mini computer with an operating system capable of running a variety of applications. JavaCard is a multi-application smart card operating system which provides an API with a set of standard classes through which common java applets can be loaded and executed on the smart card.
  • 13. Java's portability allows smart cards to become a general-purpose computing platform while creating a potentially huge market for application software and development. Due to the increasing demand for smart card applications, businesses and service providers are constantly looking for innovations and applications for available services that could utilize smart card technology.
  • 14. Types of Smart Cards Contact Cards and Contactless Cards Contact Cards require insertion into a smart card reader with a direct connection to a conductive micro-module on the surface of the card. Contactless Cards require only close proximity (a few inches) of a reader
  • 15. Categories of Smart Cards Integrated Circuit (IC) Microprocessor Cards: Allow for adding, deleting, or manipulating information in memory, allowing for a variety of applications and dynamic read/write capabilities. Most Smart Cards in use for mobile applications are of this type. IC Memory Cards: Can store data, but do not have a processor on the card. Optical Memory Cards: Can only store data, but have a larger memory capacity than IC memory cards.
  • 16. Security Mechanisms Password Card holder’s protection Cryptographic challenge Response Entity authentication Biometric information Person’s identification A combination of one or more
  • 17. CONCLUSION The self-containment of smart card makes it resistant to attack as it does not need to depend upon potentially vulnerable external resources. Because of this characteristic, smart cards are often used in different applications, which require strong security protection and authentication. Smart cards are much more popular in Europe than in the United States. In Europe, the health insurance and banking industries use smart cards extensively. Every German citizen has a smart card for health insurance. Even though smart cards have been around in their modern form for at least a decade, they are just starting to take off in the United States.
  • 18. References: Smart Card Handbook ISO7816 standards www.parivahan.nic.in