The document discusses social impact assessment (SIA) and its importance in development projects. It provides an overview of SIA, including its origins in the US and incorporation by the World Bank. In India, SIA gained importance after the Bhopal disaster to avoid social risks. The document outlines the steps involved in conducting an SIA, from preliminary assessments to documentation. It discusses key aspects like identifying affected communities, assessing land values, entitlement frameworks, and public consultations. Relevant laws and policies for resettlement and rehabilitation are also summarized.
2. The concept of SIA was introduced in 1969, under U.S.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and is
required to analyze the effect of legislation on the “human
environment.” The field of SIA emerged during the 1970s,
primarily as a response to new environmental legislation.
Slowly, a range of SIA methods and processes developed,
from ‘technical’ to ‘political’ approaches, short-term to
long-term studies, and from formal to informal studies.
The World Bank incorporated SIA in their Project
Evaluation procedures in 1986.
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3. In India, the EIA and SIA processes gained importance
after the tragic Bhopal disaster with objective to avoid any
form of social risk. SIA can prove to be extremely useful
tool. One of the many benefits of SIA is that “it seeks to
help individuals, groups, organizations and communities to
understand possible social, cultural, or economic impacts,
or better-still impacts of proposed change’. (Barrow, 2000)
Today in India, most of the SIA report focuses their study
on land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation.
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4. To help individuals, communities, as well as
government and private sector organizations so
that they are able to understand and anticipate
the likely social consequences on human
populations and communities of proposed
development project
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5. Analyze how developmental proposals affect
people
Identify and mitigate adverse impacts
Enhance benefits of the developmental
proposals
Help manage social change
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6. Project area assessment – reconnaissance survey
Preliminary estimate of impacts – category/extent
Field planning – Team building/coordination
planning
Time and fund allocation
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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7. Step 1
Identification of the right team – key personnel
Identification of the right team – support personnel
Identification of the right team – field team
Training – Project Management/coordination/financial
management/socio-economic survey/public
consultations/land value market survey/etc.
Time planning in line with other activities on the
project.
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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8. According to New Bill – COMPENSATION
CALCULATION
Rural area = (Market Value x 2) + value of
assets attached to land or building + (100 %
solatium)
Urban area = (Market Value x 1) + value of
assets attached to land or building + (100 %
solatium)
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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9. Step 2
Gathering the revenue maps of the affected area
Demarcating the project area
Enlisting all the properties from the revenue
maps
Gathering all published data regarding the
project area
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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10. Step 3
Conduct the socio-economic profiling of all
affected families – the titleholders’ and non-
titleholders
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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12. Step 4
Conduct the land/structure market value
assessment region wise (or classify your project
area into different zones or regions depending on
the land use)
Gather the Basic Schedule Rates (for structures)
and Circle rates for land from concerned
departments
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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13. Displaced person or DPs are those who are forced to
move out of their land when development project requires
land.
Project affected person or PAPs are those who lose their
livelihood and or assets fully or partially without being
displaced.
Indirect DPs/PAPs the project becomes operational for
example coal based thermal power plant emits ash that
destroys land and causes health hazard, so do cement
plant. Mines cause dust pollution that affect people's health
and forces them to vacate the original area.
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15. Land acquisition act, 1894
National Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policy,
2007
Relevant BSR
Disclosure policy the relevant executing body or
the funding agency
LEGAL POLICIES/ACTS
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16. Non-agricultural firms to acquire land
State governments have the main authority over
land acquisition and price land
Does “not recognize non-titleholders,” or those
people who are not legally bound to the land
they live on
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17. NRRP apply to all projects where involuntary displacement
takes place
To minimize displacement and to promote, as far as
possible, non-displacing or least- displacing alternatives
To protect the rights of weaker sections, especially
members of SCs and STs.
A new project or expansion of an existing project, which
involves involuntary displacement of 400 or more families
en masse in plain areas, or 200 or more families en masse
in tribal or hilly areas then SIA is applicable
National Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policy, 2007
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18. Coordination with the revenue department officials –
Deputy Commissioner/relevant village revenue
officers
Gathering the revenue maps/ownership records
Digitization of the maps and superimposing onto
the designs
Preparation of the LAP
LAND ACQUISITION PLAN
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19. SIA
LAP
LEGAL POLICIES/ACTS
ENTITLEMENT FRAMEWORK/MATRIX (category
and type of loss and the eligible category for entitlements )
PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
MONITORING & EVALUATION
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE (Timeframe of the
project activities)
BUDGET ESTIMATE
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN
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21. INSITUTIONAL LEVEL – LOCAL
ADMINISTRATION/EXECUTING
AGENCY/ETC.
COMMUNITY LEVEL – AFFECTED
FAMILIES/VILLAGE MEMEBERS/ETC.
PUBLIC INFORMATION & CONSULTATION
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22. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION LOCATIONS
PANCHAYAT OFFICE
LOCAL LANGUAGE PAMPHLETS
WEBSITES, ETC.
DISCLOSURE
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23. Tools
- Unstructured checklists
- Structured questionnaires
Type of contacts
- Individual conversational Interviews
- Community level discussions
- Institutional level discussions
SIA - TOOLS AND TYPES ADOPTED
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24. - Reconnaissance - Preliminary Estimate Report
- Socio-economic Profile – Secondary Information Report
- Social Impact Assessment Report
- Land Acquisition Report
- Resettlement Action Plan
- Public Disclosure
PROJECT DOCUMENTATION
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25. - Social investigation weak during preparation
- Potential impoverishment risks not fully identified
- Resulting in inadequate income restoration
- Inadequate asset valuation methodologies (leading
lower replacement values)
- Definition of impacts is inadequate
- Examination of vulnerable groups is inadequate
RESETTLEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT - issues
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