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SP3H Grammar Book Emily Stuchlik

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This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including: 1. The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses, conjugations and irregular verbs. 2. The uses of por and para which can change the meaning of a sentence. 3. Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, how they are formed and used. 4. Formal command forms (mandatos formales) including irregular verbs and how to use pronouns. 5. The subjunctive mood and when it is used including with verbs of will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and conjunctions.

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Mi Libro de la Gramática Emilia Stuchlik
Preterite A Snapshot in Time Uses : -AR Endings -ER / -IR Endings
Preterite Irregulars Cucaracha Verbs eron Snakey Verbs Only changein the3rd person E-I Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir O-U Dormir, Morir E-Y Leer, Creer I-Y Oir https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFUAWMMdE7c
Preterite Irregulars Spock Verbs – 5 Odd Balls
Imperfect Continuous Action Uses : -AR Endings-ER / -IR Endings Notice the “yo” and “usted “ endings are the same
Irregulars in the Imperfect SER IR VER
Preterite and Imperfect Together Interruption Background/ Ongoing Action YoestabaenmicasacuandoJuanme llamó
Practice Nadamos tomamos Regresamos leí .me dormí Había estaban almorzaban servía llovía
Por USES :
Para USES :
Por and Para Change the Meaning of a Sentence Practice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd0dlBZEw18
Stressed Possessive Adjectives Must agree in gender and number Placed after nouns they modify https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4qLUHOSNFs
Extra
Stressed Possessive Adjectives Ar t i cl e + Noun + De + Pr onoun/ Noun Pr eceded by ar t i cl e, i ndef i ni t e ar t i cl e, or demonst r at i ve adj ect i ve “ El ” and “ La” usual l y omi t t ed wi t h
Possessive Pronouns
MANDATAS FORMALES Ud. + Uds. Ejemplos- 1) Drop the final “o” in the yo form 2) AR VERBS Add –e or –en 3) ER/IR VERBS Add -a or –an With pronouns AFFIR M ATIVE Attach to com m and Add accentom third to last syllable ifyou add one syllable and on the fourth to lastif you add two (one pronoun or two) NEGATIVE Place pronouns before command Do not add accents CAR → QUE GAR →GUE ZAR → CE
MANDATOS FORMALES IRREGULARES ir-(formal)to go (vaya(n)) ser-(formal) to be (sea(n)) saber-(formal)to know (sepa(n)) estar-(formal) to be (esté(n)) dar -(formal) to give (dé(n)) jugar-(formal) to play (juegue(n)) llegar-(formal) (llegue(n)) buscar-(formal) (busque(n)) tocar-(formal) to touch (toque(n)) empezar -(formal) to start (empiece(n)) T V D I S H E S TenerTener TraerTraer VenirVenir DarDar DecirDecir IrIr SalirSalir HacerHacer HaberHaber EstarEstar SerSer Tenga Traiga Venga De Dije Vaya Salga Haga Haya Este Sea
EL SUBJUNTIVO Used to express actions that are uncertain or hypothetical 1) Will and Influence 2)Emotion 3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial 4) Indefiniteness and nonexistence
SAME CONJUGATION AS FORMAL COMMANDS BUT INCLUDES NOSOTROS/YO TRIGGER... EJEMPLO - EL SUBJUNTIVO CONT.
Verbs of Will and Influence Aconseja r - To advise Mandar - To order Importar - To be important ;to matter Insistir (en) - To insist (on) Rogar (o-ue) - To beg ; to plead Recomen dar (e-ie) - To recomme nd Prohibir - To prohibit Sugerir (e-ie) - To suggest
Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion
Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial Used when there is a change in subject (And the main clause implies negation or uncertainty) When to use just the INDICATIVE? There is no doubt/uncertainty que indicative No negamos que hay demasiados carros. (We DON”T DENY = affirmative) Affirmative Sentence Creer → Indicative Negative Sentence No Creer → Subjunctive Que significa PERHAPS = DOUBT
Subjunctive w/Conjunctions Use the infinitive after the prepositions ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there is no change in subject Te llamamos el viernes antes de salir de la casa Te llamamos manana antes de que salgas Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command Use the indicative if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or happened in the past Conjunctions → Subjunctive Antes de que Para que Sin que Prepositions → Infinitive (no Antes de change in subject) Para P.S. -ger > ja
EXTRA SUBJUNCTI VE Keanu se alegra de QUE la profe sea su novia. Irregulars
WEIRDOS
Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause that refers to a person, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite The indicative is used when the adjective clause refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that is clearly known, certain, or definite
Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses Subjunctive
Tú Commands Affirmative Negative Same as usted/ella/el 3rd person form (Tu Form, just drop the s!) If adding one syllable with attached pronouns place accent on 3rd to last syllable If adding two syllables with attached pronouns place accent on 4th to last syllable 1) Place in yo form 2) Drop final o 3) For -er verbs add -as For -ar add -es * c a r → q ue s * g a r → g ue s * z a r c e s→
Nosotros Commands *Used to give instructions to a group including yourself and other people (The equivalent of “let's...” in English) Object pronouns are attached to affirmative nosotros commands with an added accent on the 3rd to last syllable. Object pronouns are placed before the verb in negative form -monos verbs, not mosnos or mosse Drop the TVDISHES Tengamos Vengamos Demos/Digamos Vamos/No vayamos Seamos Hayamos/Hagamos Estemos Sepamos Pedírselo → Pidámoselo
Past ParticiplesUsed AsAdjectives -ar-ar -ado-ado -er/--er/- irir -ido-ido Must agree in gender and number of the noun its modifying Las puertas están abiertas. Abrir abierto Decir dicho Resolver resuelto Cubrir cubierto Poner puesto Morir muerto Ir ido Romper roto Hacer hecho Escribir escrito Volver vuelto Ver visto IrregularesIrregulares Commonly used with the verb ESTAR Verbs with similar roots change to the irregular conjugations (describir – descrito/ descubrir- descubierto)
Present Perfect AuxilaryAuxilary verbverb (HABER)(HABER) PastPast ParticipleParticiple (ar = ado(ar = ado er/ir = ido)er/ir = ido) The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue int o the present, or continue to affect the person in the present ConjugationsConjugations hehe hemoshemos hashas haha hanhan Always in the masculine form What someone HAS DONE Haber and the past participle can NEVER be separated Hay ha habido (there→ has/have been)
Past Perfect used to talk about what someone hadhad donedone or what had occurredhad occurred before another past action ImperfectImperfect form ofform of HABERHABER PastPast ParticipleParticiple habíahabía habíamoshabíamos habíashabías habíahabía habíanhabían Always Masculine/ Singular * often used with ANTES DE + noun/infinitivenoun/infinitive
Future Tense Infinitive + éé emosemos ááss áá ánán 4 Different Ways4 Different Ways to Express theto Express the FutureFuture --------------------------------------------------- Present indicative (Voy al cine) Ir + a +infinitive (Voy a ir) Present subjunctive (Ojalá que vaya) Future (Iré al cine) Someone's willingness toSomeone's willingness to do something :do something : Querer + infinitive Quieres llamarme, por favor? Will you please call me? FUTURE OF PROBABILITY I wonder, might, may , must be,probably Hay → HabráHay → Habrá May follow in main clause after : CuandoCuando DespuDespués (de) queés (de) que En cuantoEn cuanto Hasta queHasta que Tan pronto comoTan pronto como
Conditional Tense - to make polite requests - to express the future in relation to a past action/state of being (what WOULD happen) - often used if the main verb is in one of the past tenses/habitual action - conditional of probability : I wondered if, probably, must have been Future Conditional WOULDWOULD COULDCOULD SHOULDSHOULD Me gustaría.. I would like... íaía íasías íaía íanían íamosíamos (same irregulars as future tense!!)
Past Subjunctive .ra .ramos.ra .ramos .ras.ras .ra .ran.ra .ran 1) Put in third person preterite 2) Drop -ron 3) Add ra/ras/ra/ramos/ran Nosotros/as always has an accent over the last letter before -ramos Same endings for all verbs IRREGULAR PRETERITESIRREGULAR PRETERITES = USE IRREGULAR= USE IRREGULAR STEMS +STEMS + ra/ras/ra/ramos/ranra/ras/ra/ramos/ran Used in same context as present subjunctive, except usually talks about things in the past. Verb in main clause is usually PRETERITE OR IMPERFECT Quisiera = to make polite requests

More Related Content

SP3H Grammar Book Emily Stuchlik

  • 1. Mi Libro de la Gramática Emilia Stuchlik
  • 2. Preterite A Snapshot in Time Uses : -AR Endings -ER / -IR Endings
  • 3. Preterite Irregulars Cucaracha Verbs eron Snakey Verbs Only changein the3rd person E-I Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir O-U Dormir, Morir E-Y Leer, Creer I-Y Oir https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFUAWMMdE7c
  • 5. Imperfect Continuous Action Uses : -AR Endings-ER / -IR Endings Notice the “yo” and “usted “ endings are the same
  • 6. Irregulars in the Imperfect SER IR VER
  • 7. Preterite and Imperfect Together Interruption Background/ Ongoing Action YoestabaenmicasacuandoJuanme llamó
  • 11. Por and Para Change the Meaning of a Sentence Practice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd0dlBZEw18
  • 12. Stressed Possessive Adjectives Must agree in gender and number Placed after nouns they modify https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4qLUHOSNFs
  • 13. Extra
  • 14. Stressed Possessive Adjectives Ar t i cl e + Noun + De + Pr onoun/ Noun Pr eceded by ar t i cl e, i ndef i ni t e ar t i cl e, or demonst r at i ve adj ect i ve “ El ” and “ La” usual l y omi t t ed wi t h
  • 16. MANDATAS FORMALES Ud. + Uds. Ejemplos- 1) Drop the final “o” in the yo form 2) AR VERBS Add –e or –en 3) ER/IR VERBS Add -a or –an With pronouns AFFIR M ATIVE Attach to com m and Add accentom third to last syllable ifyou add one syllable and on the fourth to lastif you add two (one pronoun or two) NEGATIVE Place pronouns before command Do not add accents CAR → QUE GAR →GUE ZAR → CE
  • 17. MANDATOS FORMALES IRREGULARES ir-(formal)to go (vaya(n)) ser-(formal) to be (sea(n)) saber-(formal)to know (sepa(n)) estar-(formal) to be (esté(n)) dar -(formal) to give (dé(n)) jugar-(formal) to play (juegue(n)) llegar-(formal) (llegue(n)) buscar-(formal) (busque(n)) tocar-(formal) to touch (toque(n)) empezar -(formal) to start (empiece(n)) T V D I S H E S TenerTener TraerTraer VenirVenir DarDar DecirDecir IrIr SalirSalir HacerHacer HaberHaber EstarEstar SerSer Tenga Traiga Venga De Dije Vaya Salga Haga Haya Este Sea
  • 18. EL SUBJUNTIVO Used to express actions that are uncertain or hypothetical 1) Will and Influence 2)Emotion 3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial 4) Indefiniteness and nonexistence
  • 20. Verbs of Will and Influence Aconseja r - To advise Mandar - To order Importar - To be important ;to matter Insistir (en) - To insist (on) Rogar (o-ue) - To beg ; to plead Recomen dar (e-ie) - To recomme nd Prohibir - To prohibit Sugerir (e-ie) - To suggest
  • 22. Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial Used when there is a change in subject (And the main clause implies negation or uncertainty) When to use just the INDICATIVE? There is no doubt/uncertainty que indicative No negamos que hay demasiados carros. (We DON”T DENY = affirmative) Affirmative Sentence Creer → Indicative Negative Sentence No Creer → Subjunctive Que significa PERHAPS = DOUBT
  • 23. Subjunctive w/Conjunctions Use the infinitive after the prepositions ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there is no change in subject Te llamamos el viernes antes de salir de la casa Te llamamos manana antes de que salgas Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command Use the indicative if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or happened in the past Conjunctions → Subjunctive Antes de que Para que Sin que Prepositions → Infinitive (no Antes de change in subject) Para P.S. -ger > ja
  • 24. EXTRA SUBJUNCTI VE Keanu se alegra de QUE la profe sea su novia. Irregulars
  • 26. Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause that refers to a person, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite The indicative is used when the adjective clause refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that is clearly known, certain, or definite
  • 28. Tú Commands Affirmative Negative Same as usted/ella/el 3rd person form (Tu Form, just drop the s!) If adding one syllable with attached pronouns place accent on 3rd to last syllable If adding two syllables with attached pronouns place accent on 4th to last syllable 1) Place in yo form 2) Drop final o 3) For -er verbs add -as For -ar add -es * c a r → q ue s * g a r → g ue s * z a r c e s→
  • 29. Nosotros Commands *Used to give instructions to a group including yourself and other people (The equivalent of “let's...” in English) Object pronouns are attached to affirmative nosotros commands with an added accent on the 3rd to last syllable. Object pronouns are placed before the verb in negative form -monos verbs, not mosnos or mosse Drop the TVDISHES Tengamos Vengamos Demos/Digamos Vamos/No vayamos Seamos Hayamos/Hagamos Estemos Sepamos Pedírselo → Pidámoselo
  • 30. Past ParticiplesUsed AsAdjectives -ar-ar -ado-ado -er/--er/- irir -ido-ido Must agree in gender and number of the noun its modifying Las puertas están abiertas. Abrir abierto Decir dicho Resolver resuelto Cubrir cubierto Poner puesto Morir muerto Ir ido Romper roto Hacer hecho Escribir escrito Volver vuelto Ver visto IrregularesIrregulares Commonly used with the verb ESTAR Verbs with similar roots change to the irregular conjugations (describir – descrito/ descubrir- descubierto)
  • 31. Present Perfect AuxilaryAuxilary verbverb (HABER)(HABER) PastPast ParticipleParticiple (ar = ado(ar = ado er/ir = ido)er/ir = ido) The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue int o the present, or continue to affect the person in the present ConjugationsConjugations hehe hemoshemos hashas haha hanhan Always in the masculine form What someone HAS DONE Haber and the past participle can NEVER be separated Hay ha habido (there→ has/have been)
  • 32. Past Perfect used to talk about what someone hadhad donedone or what had occurredhad occurred before another past action ImperfectImperfect form ofform of HABERHABER PastPast ParticipleParticiple habíahabía habíamoshabíamos habíashabías habíahabía habíanhabían Always Masculine/ Singular * often used with ANTES DE + noun/infinitivenoun/infinitive
  • 33. Future Tense Infinitive + éé emosemos ááss áá ánán 4 Different Ways4 Different Ways to Express theto Express the FutureFuture --------------------------------------------------- Present indicative (Voy al cine) Ir + a +infinitive (Voy a ir) Present subjunctive (Ojalá que vaya) Future (Iré al cine) Someone's willingness toSomeone's willingness to do something :do something : Querer + infinitive Quieres llamarme, por favor? Will you please call me? FUTURE OF PROBABILITY I wonder, might, may , must be,probably Hay → HabráHay → Habrá May follow in main clause after : CuandoCuando DespuDespués (de) queés (de) que En cuantoEn cuanto Hasta queHasta que Tan pronto comoTan pronto como
  • 34. Conditional Tense - to make polite requests - to express the future in relation to a past action/state of being (what WOULD happen) - often used if the main verb is in one of the past tenses/habitual action - conditional of probability : I wondered if, probably, must have been Future Conditional WOULDWOULD COULDCOULD SHOULDSHOULD Me gustaría.. I would like... íaía íasías íaía íanían íamosíamos (same irregulars as future tense!!)
  • 35. Past Subjunctive .ra .ramos.ra .ramos .ras.ras .ra .ran.ra .ran 1) Put in third person preterite 2) Drop -ron 3) Add ra/ras/ra/ramos/ran Nosotros/as always has an accent over the last letter before -ramos Same endings for all verbs IRREGULAR PRETERITESIRREGULAR PRETERITES = USE IRREGULAR= USE IRREGULAR STEMS +STEMS + ra/ras/ra/ramos/ranra/ras/ra/ramos/ran Used in same context as present subjunctive, except usually talks about things in the past. Verb in main clause is usually PRETERITE OR IMPERFECT Quisiera = to make polite requests