Spain in the late 19th century II
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During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923: - King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch from 1875-1885 and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud. - Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a new political system called the turno pacífico based on two dominant political parties, but it relied on pre-determining election results. - Economic prosperity occurred but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political arrangements.
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Spain in the late 19th century II
- 2. Spain in the late 19th -20th century
- 3. The Restoration: 1875-1923 During Alfonso XII´s reign, there were minor conflicts, and there was less violence than in previous years. King Alfonso XII (1875-1885) ruled as a constitutional monarch (not an absolute one) under the Constitution of 1876. Although he was young and inexperienced king, he was very popular. Link it up! Whose rule was not popular with any of the political parties?
- 4. Antonio Cánovas des Castillo and Práxedes MateoSagasta Under his reign, there was a new political system: the turno pacífico. Research! “turno pacífico” Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, leader of the Conservative, He organised a political system based on two political parties. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, the leader of Liberals.
- 5. Characteristic of this period Pros After a century of instability, Spain was stable again. It was a period of economic prosperity and modernisation. There was peace and prosperity in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Cons The only way to guarantee the system would work was through electoral fraud; the King chose the government and the result of the election was decided in advance. Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in protest against the unfair system. Think! “A policy of electoral fraud is acceptable if it brings about stability:” Do you agree with this statement?
- 6. AlfonsoXIII Alfonso XII´s early death left his son, Alfonso, as heir to the throne. His mother, María Cristina, ruled as regent until the young Alfonso turned sixteen in 1902 and became King Alfonso XIII Link it up! What other Maria Cristina ruled as a regent in 1833? During the regency period, Spain lost its remaining colonies. What are they?
- 7. General Primo de Rivera General Primo de Rivera lost all confidence in the Spanish government and organized a coup. Alfonso XIII supported him and Rivera suspended the Constitution and became a dictator from 1923-1930. Eventually, the army stopped supporting Rivera and Alfonso XIII forced him to resign. Despite his attempts to re- establish a non-dictatorship form of government, the public no longer trusted Alfonso XIII. In 1931, the Republicans won the elections, the monarchy was abolished, and the Second Republic was declared. It lasted until the end of the CivilWar in 1939.
- 8. Constitution of 1931 ManuelAzaña became president. Spain became a democracy. Link it up! When was the first Constitution in Spain approved? Among many other things it: established freedom of speech gave the vote to women made divorce legal took away the special legal status enjoyed by Spanish nobility limited the powers of the Church.
- 9. Oppostition to the Republic Research! The Church: The military and the Nationalists Worker´s groups Monarchists and Fascists Why do you think workers were opposed to the Republic?
- 10. Oppostion to the Republic The church: Its powers had been limited by the new constitution. The military and the Nationalists: They saw the government as weak. Worker´s groups:They considered the Second Republic to be oppressive. Monarchists and Fascists:Their status as nobles had been reduced.
- 12. 1875-1885
Editor's Notes
- There were two attempts to assassinate him. He died of tuberculosis in 1885 at the age of 27.
- Only two political parties were permitted: the Liberals and the Conservatives. These parties took turns in holding power.
- Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, suffered heavy defeats in Morocco and violent rioting in Barcelona.
- Regency: period of government by a regent (maria cristina) Why did the king forced Rivera to resign…too much control , the king lost most of his powers. The army turned against him as a result of his attempts to abolish the privileges of the artillery and engineer corps, and the king believed that student protests, the growing discontent in Catalonia, and the increasing conspiracies of the “old” politicians imperiled the dynasty. Economic crisis, inflation another coup.
- 1812,
- Oppresive, despotic, burdensome. The Church lost control of education. Public schools were established.There was more regional autonomy. Catluña- The government took land from big landowners. They planned to give it to poor farmers. 1939-33, Republic said that everybody has lands and business. However it took ages, finally no. Demo government cease them violently. 1933, right lands owners.