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This document contains an outline of grammar topics covered in Part 2 of a grammar book. It includes sections on conditional and irregular verbs, perfect tenses, commands, subjunctive mood, impersonal expressions, comparisons, and conjunctions. Specific topics covered are the present, past, and present perfect tenses; saber vs conocer; formal and informal commands; subjunctive irregular verbs; expressions of emotion; and demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
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Spanish grammar book may
- 1. Grammar BookPart 2Memo Strickland5th Period
- 2. Table of Contents:Conditional + IrregularsPerfect tensesPresentPastPresent perfect irregularsSubjunctive perfectTantoy TanImpersonal seSaber vs. ConocerLos MandatosInformal/ formalAffirmativeNegativeIrregularDOP + IOP placementNosotros CommandsMono VerbsSubjunctive + IrregularsExpressions of Emotion with Present Sub.Trigger PhrasesImpersonal ExpressionsExpressions of EmotionConjunctions of TimeDemonstrative Adjective and Pronouns
- 3. Conditional + IrregularsExpresses probability, possibility, or conjecture.“Would, could, should.”These irregulars are the same as future tense.Perfect TensesPrefect tense portrays an action or state as completed and not in progress; from a different point of viewIt has two parts…. helping verb + past participle3 main perfect tenses: present perfect past perfect future perfect
- 4. PresentThe present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.Example:He comido- I have eaten.
- 5. PastPast tense is “had”It has the same endings as the conditional Example:Había vivido- I had lived.
- 6. Present Perfect Irregulars Hemospuesto- we have putHan escrito- they have writtenHe abierto- I have openedHa muerto- she has diedHan visto- you all have seenHa dicho- you (formal) have saidHas vuelto- you have returnedHemoshecho- we have done
- 7. Subjunctive PerfectSubjunctive perfect is the compound tense of the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb
- 8. Tanto & TanForming comparisons of equalities with nouns:Tanto (-a,-os,-as) + noun + comoExample: Roberto tienetantogalletascomoShakira.Forming comparisons of equalities with adjectives or adverbs:Tan + adj (adverb) + comoExample:El libroes tan buenocomo la película.
- 9. Impersonal ‘Se’Verb is always in 3rd person and followed by a direct objectSe + 3rd person singularExample:Se hablaespañol.
- 11. Los Mandatos:Used to directly address someone and give them an orderCan be formal or informalCan be nosotrosCan be affirmative or negative
- 13. Affirmative
- 14. Negative
- 15. Irregulars
- 16. Dop & Iop PlacementThe DOP is placed before verbIt answers the questions of who? & what? The IOPis placed before the verb
- 17. It answers the questions of to whom? & for whom? Nosotros CommandsUsed when speaker is included, used to express: lets + verbOpposite nosotros ending is usedExample:Comamosallí-emos: nosotros command of -AR verbs-amos: nosotros command of -ER and -IR verbs***For negative, just add no before verb
- 18. Mono VerbsWith affirmative nosotros commands, the final “s” is dropped before adding the pronouns –nos or –se
- 19. Example:Sentemos+ nos = sentémonosWith negative nosotros commands, the pronoun comes before the verd
- 20. Example: No nossentemonos
- 21. SubjunctiveThe subjunctive is used to express everything but certainty and objectivityProcess:Start w/ “yo” form, drop the –o ending, and add the following endingsExamples:com + a = comahabl + e = hable
- 22. Subjunctive IrregularsThe irregulars for subjunctive are the car, gar, zars and T.V.D.I.S.H.E.S.Examples:DardédesdédemosdenEstarestéestésestéestemosesténIrVayavayasvayavayamosVayan
- 23. ExampleSentences:Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores We are happy that you like the flowers Siento que tu no puedas venir mañanaIm sorry that you cant come tomorrowExpressions of Emotions with Present Subjunctive
- 24. Trigger Phases:A menosque…Antes que…Cuando…Dudarque…En cuanto…Es buenoque…Es imposibleque…Es maloque…Querer que…
- 25. Sin que…
- 26. Negar que…
- 27. Hasta que…
- 28. Enraro que…
- 29. Esmejor que…
- 30. Es posibleque…
- 31. Esperarque…Impersonal Expressions Triggers of the subjunctive
- 34. Demonstrative AdjectivesPlaced before the noun and agree with number and gender
- 35. Example: this restaurant = este resturante
- 36. Demonstrative Pronouns Adj. can act as a noun, accent is added to the first “e” in the word
- 37. Example: prefieroésa =that oneThe End