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اف تي بي

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nansyrigan

The document discusses file transfer protocol (FTP) which allows transmission of files between a client and server. It explains that FTP uses TCP as the underlying protocol and defines standard port numbers for communication between systems. It also describes the basic functions of FTP like uploading and downloading files from remote systems.

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‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ.‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪.(protocol‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ.‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪.(client‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺓ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ.‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ.ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺅﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻰ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻭﺭﺍ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪:(protocol‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ. ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ. ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻭ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ . ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻫﺎﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﺴﻬل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻁﺭﻑ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ.ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ.‬ ‫• ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪ (ftp‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍ ل ) ‪ (file transfer protocol‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ )‪ (tcp/ip‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ)‪.(application layer‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺼﻤﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ. ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻼﻥ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺘﺸﻐﻠﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ )‪ ،(windows‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ )‬ ‫‪ (Linux‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل. ﻭﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻘل ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪(binary, ASCII‬‬ ‫.ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪(server‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ . ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ )‪(anonymous‬‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﺤﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ:‬ ‫١. ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ )‪:(control connection‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‬ ‫‪ .(client‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ )12( ﻜﺈﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )12(‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ )‪ (listen‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﻷﻱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻗﺎﺩﻡ. ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ.‬ ‫٢. ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ )‪:(data connection‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ. ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ. ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ.‬ ‫• ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪:(ftp‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (cd‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻌﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﺍل )‪ (ftp‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (CWD‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل(ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ )ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ( ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪. (CWD‬ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(lcd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪ (client‬ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ.‬ ‫1‪ftp> lcd dir‬‬ ‫.1‪Local directory now C:dir‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )1‪ (dir‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﺃﻨﺕ . ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ).. ‪ (lcd‬ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺎ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ: ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺭﺴل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻪ )>‪ (ftp‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )>---( ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(cd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ)‪ (server‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪ (client‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(CWD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (cd‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻫﻭ )‪.(CWD‬‬ ‫‪ftp> cd downloads‬‬ ‫‪---> CWD downloads‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻨﺤﻥ، ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ (CWD‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫. ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ).. ‪:(cd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ. ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﻭﻜﺱ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫.. ‪ftp> cd‬‬ ‫.. ‪---> CWD‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(pwd‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻤﺜل:‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ftp> pwd‬‬ ‫‪---> XPWD‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(ASCII‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )‪ (ASCII‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ .ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﻫﻭ )‪ASCII‬‬ ‫(.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> ascii‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE A‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(TYPE A‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(binary‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ (binary‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻭﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ.ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (TYPE I‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> binary‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE I‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(dir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺴﺭﺩ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻥ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> dir‬‬ ‫62,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬ ‫‪---> LIST‬‬ ‫.‪150 File Listing Follows in ASCII mode‬‬ ‫13 ‪total‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 bin‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪5243 Mar 24 2001 dmlogo.gif‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 html‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 include‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 lib‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2483 Feb 6 02:01 license.txt‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2279 Mar 17 16:46 readme.html‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪1544 Jan 29 2002 readme.txt‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 stl‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫928‪40 Aug 30 2001 v‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (port‬ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺩ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪list‬‬ ‫( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل.ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (ls‬ﻭﻟﻙ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ . ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺩﻭﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﻜﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(ls‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(mkdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ .(server‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(XMKD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> mkdir dir‬‬ ‫1‪---> XMKD dir‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﻫﻭ )1‪.(dir‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(rmdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﺤﺫﻑ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺴﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(XRMD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> rmdir dir‬‬ ‫1‪---> XRMD dir‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﺫﻓﻪ ﻫﻭ )1‪.(dir‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(rename‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ .ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> rename dir dir‬‬ ‫‪---> RNFR dir‬‬ ‫...‪350 Enter the name to rename it to‬‬ ‫1‪---> RNTO dir‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ )‪ (dir‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎ )1‪ (dir‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ.ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ )‪ (RNFR‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ )‪ (rename from‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻋﺩ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪. (RNTO‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(get‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻷﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‬ ‫‪ (RETR‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> GET TEXT11.TXT‬‬ ‫51,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬
‫‪---> RETR TEXT11.TXT‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(recv‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘل ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (mget‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻘل ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ، ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(put‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ )‪ (PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ، ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(STOR‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> put text11.txt‬‬ ‫81,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬ ‫‪---> STOR text11.txt‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(send‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪mput‬‬ ‫(ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺤﻤﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ، ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪: (open‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> open server_name‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪ (server_name‬ﻫﻭ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻪ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(close‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ:‬ ‫‪ftp> close‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (disconnect‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(bye‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺇﺭﺠﺎﻋﻙ ﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺔ )‪ .(ftp‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(close‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (help‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍل)‪ .(ftp‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> help‬‬ ‫:‪Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are‬‬
‫!‬ ‫‪delete‬‬ ‫‪literal‬‬ ‫‪prompt‬‬ ‫‪send‬‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪debug‬‬ ‫‪ls‬‬ ‫‪put‬‬ ‫‪status‬‬ ‫‪append‬‬ ‫‪dir‬‬ ‫‪mdelete‬‬ ‫‪pwd‬‬ ‫‪trace‬‬ ‫‪ascii‬‬ ‫‪disconnect‬‬ ‫‪mdir‬‬ ‫‪quit‬‬ ‫‪type‬‬ ‫‪bell‬‬ ‫‪get‬‬ ‫‪mget‬‬ ‫‪quote‬‬ ‫‪user‬‬ ‫‪binary‬‬ ‫‪glob‬‬ ‫‪mkdir‬‬ ‫‪recv‬‬ ‫‪verbose‬‬ ‫‪bye‬‬ ‫‪hash‬‬ ‫‪mls‬‬ ‫‪remotehelp‬‬ ‫‪cd‬‬ ‫‪help‬‬ ‫‪mput‬‬ ‫‪rename‬‬ ‫‪close‬‬ ‫‪lcd‬‬ ‫‪open‬‬ ‫‪rmdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻜل ﺃﻤﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ :‬ ‫‪ftp>? Command‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪ (command‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ.‬ ‫• ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ.‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻤﺤﺘﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﻫﻭ )‬ ‫1( ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻓﻬﻭ )5(. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﺄﻗل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻫﻭ )0( ﻭﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ )5(.ﻭﻜل ﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺭﺍﺕ:‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫521‬ ‫--1 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪data‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫‪connection‬‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ;‪open‬‬ ‫‪already‬‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ .‬ ‫.‪transfer string‬‬ ‫--2 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ .‪200 command ok‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫--3 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪331 Give me your‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ‪password, please‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭ.‬ ‫--4 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪425 can`t open‬‬
‫.‪data connection‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻙ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ. ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ.‬ ‫‪500 Unidentified‬‬ ‫--5 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﻴﻘﺒل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪command hello‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻼﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻭ )‪.(hello‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪500 Unidentified‬‬ ‫-0- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪command hello‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل.‬ ‫‪214-The following‬‬ ‫-1- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪commands‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ.‬ ‫‪recognized‬‬ ‫*(‬ ‫‪=>'s‬‬ ‫.)‪unimplemented‬‬ ‫521‬ ‫‪data‬‬ ‫-2- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪connection‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪already‬‬ ‫;‪open‬‬ ‫.‪transfer string‬‬ ‫‪331 Give me your‬‬ ‫-3- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺼﺎﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪password, please‬‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺎ. ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻤﺴﺅﺅل ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻴﺢ.‬ ‫-4- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل.‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ.‬ ‫051‬ ‫-5- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ. ﻭﺘﺭﻯ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ‪quot;C:/text11.txtquot; file‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻨﻘل ‪ready to receive in‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ.‬ ‫‪ASCII mode‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫• ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪.(client‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻬﻴﺊ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻜﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪(ftp server‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ )‪ (sever‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ )‬ ‫12(. ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )12( ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺼﺭﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻫﻲ )‬ ‫‪ (established‬ﺃﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ . ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻤﺜﻼ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻔﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪PORT‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ )6‪ (PORT n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‬ ‫4‪ (n1,n2,n3,n‬ﻫﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻟﻙ )ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ( ﺃﻤﺎ )6‪ (n5,n‬ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﻔﺘﺤﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫51,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻲ ﻫﻭ )1.0.0.721( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻲ ﺃﻀﻊ ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ )‪(ftp‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ. ﺃﻤﺎ )51,4( ﻓﻬﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ:‬ ‫51+652*4‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻫﻭ )9301( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )9301( ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ.ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻘل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )02‬ ‫( ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )02(.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ١:ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﺎ.‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ )ﺩﻭﺱ( ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍل )‪ (*nix‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎ . ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻏﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )161.59.411.26 ‪ (C:>ftp -d‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻀﻔﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (d‬ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺴل ﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )>---( . ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻨﺘﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ(.‬ ‫161.59.411.26 ‪C:>ftp -d‬‬ ‫.161.59.411.26 ‪Connected to‬‬ ‫...‪220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready‬‬ ‫‪User (62.114.95.161:(none)): tt‬‬ ‫‪---> USER tt‬‬ ‫.‪331 User name okay, need password‬‬ ‫:‪Password‬‬ ‫‪---> PASS tt‬‬ ‫.‪230 User logged in, proceed‬‬ ‫‪ftp> dir‬‬ ‫56,6,551,461,39,212 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫.‪200 PORT Command successful‬‬ ‫‪---> LIST‬‬ ‫.‪150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫. 13:60 1 ‪0 Jan‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫.. 13:60 1 ‪0 Jan‬‬ ‫‪-rw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪28827 Oct 1 1994 BOOKMARK.HTM‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪0 Jan 17 20:17 Fav‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪0 Jan 1 06:31 Hacking‬‬ ‫‪-r--r--r-- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪38912 Oct 17 1994 Scrap.shs‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer complete‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 376 bytes received in 0.12Seconds 3.11Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺄﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻴﺼﺭﺡ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ )‪ (tt‬ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻫﻲ )‪ (tt‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ) >---‬ ‫‪ (PASS tt‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ.ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (dir‬ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )56,6,551,461,39,212 ‪ (---> PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻲ ﻫﻭ )551.461.39.212( ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻭ )56+652*6( ﺃﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )1061( ﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ) ‪(a- netstat‬‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬
TCP unix:ftp-data 212.93.164.155:1601 TIME_WAIT TCP unix:ftp 212.93.164.155:1597 ESTABLISHED ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ftp-) ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )02( ﺃﻭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻰ ﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬TIME_WAIT) ‫(.ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬data ‫ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻪ. ﻭﻟﻭ ﺩﻗﻘﺕ ﺠﻴﺩﺍ ﻟﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﺃﻱ ﺘﺎﻡ . ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ‬established) ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺘﺎﻡ ﻤﺎﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻁﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺎ‬ :‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٢: ﺃﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻴﻠ ﻲ‬ C:>ftp -d 62.114.95.161 Connected to 62.114.95.161. 220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready... User (62.114.95.161:(none)): uu ---> USER uu 331 User name okay, need password. Password: ---> PASS uu 230 User logged in, proceed. ftp> dir ---> PORT 212,93,164,155,6,140 200 PORT Command successful. ---> LIST 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls. drw-rw-rw- 1 user group 0 Feb 16 06:54 . drw-rw-rw- 1 user group 0 Feb 16 06:54 .. -rw-rw-rw- 1 user group 45856 Jul 25 2001 DOS.TXT -rw-rw-rw- 1 user group 8540 Jul 23 2001 Ports.txt -r--r--r-- 1 user group 4357 Mar 14 2001 happy99.txt -r--r--r-- 1 user group 1630 Mar 14 2001 mcafee.txt 226 Transfer complete. ftp: 382 bytes received in 0.16Seconds 2.39Kbytes/sec. ftp> ascii ---> TYPE A 200 Type set to A. ftp> get mcafee.txt ---> PORT 212,93,164,155,6,141 200 PORT Command successful. ---> RETR mcafee.txt 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for mcafee.txt (1630 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. ftp: 1630 bytes received in 4.31Seconds 0.38Kbytes/sec.
‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )141+652*6( ﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪ (get‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (ascii‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‪ (ascii‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺨﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‪ (binary‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ.‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ) 2‪ftp>mget filename1 filename‬‬ ‫3‪ (filename‬ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﺴﻴﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ )1‪ (filename‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ )‬ ‫2‪ (filename‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ.‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٣: ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‬ ‫‪ .(binary‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ.‬ ‫04.351.121.361 ‪C:>ftp -d‬‬ ‫.04.351.121.361 ‪Connected to‬‬ ‫...‪220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready‬‬ ‫‪User (163.121.153.40:(none)): uu‬‬ ‫‪---> USER uu‬‬ ‫.‪331 User name okay, need password‬‬ ‫:‪Password‬‬ ‫‪---> PASS uu‬‬ ‫.‪230 User logged in, proceed‬‬ ‫‪ftp> binary‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE I‬‬ ‫.‪200 Type set to I‬‬ ‫‪ftp> put crypt.exe‬‬ ‫871,7,332,961,39,212 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫.‪200 PORT Command successful‬‬ ‫‪---> STOR crypt.exe‬‬ ‫.‪150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for crypt.exe‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer complete‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 40960 bytes sent in 0.01Seconds 4096.00Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (binary‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (PUT‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺤﻤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫( ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ‬ftp>mput filename1 filename2 filename3) ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ .‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ :(anonymous) ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٤: ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ (server) ‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫1.0.0.721( ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ .‫ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﺨﺭ‬ C:>ftp -d 127.0.0.1 Connected to 127.0.0.1. 220-This FTP site is running a copy of WFTPD that is NOT REGISTERED 220- 220-Shareware can only improve if supported by its users. 220-The easiest way to support shareware is to register it. 220-WFTPD costs from $20 to register. 220- 220-To register this program, or receive new details on it, send email 220-to alun@texis.com (Alun Jones), or snail-mail to Texas Imperial Software, 220-1602 Harvest Moon Place, Cedar Park TX 78613-1419 USA 220- 220-As added incentive for the site owner to register, you will be restricted 220-to five (5) transfers - to get more transfers, please re-login. 220- 220-Please note - Alun Jones is only responsible for the software 220-that this site runs, and is not responsible in any way for either 220-the content of this site, nor its location on the Internet. 220 WFTPD 2.4 service (by Texas Imperial Software) ready for new user User (127.0.0.1:(none)): anonymous ---> USER anonymous 331-Anonymous user access allowed - please enter your email 331-address as the password: 331 Give me your password, please Password: ---> PASS anonymouse@anonymoys 230 Logged in successfully ftp> dir ---> PORT 127,0,0,1,5,193 200 PORT command okay ---> LIST 150 File Listing Follows in ASCII mode.
‫26 ‪total‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 16 10:59 apache‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 19 05:58 Borland‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 5 07:06 DevStudio‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 dm‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 29 09:21 Documents and Settings‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 4 14:30 Downloads‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪1012 Jul 31 05:58 FRUNLOG.TXT‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪21504 Aug 7 23:06 get.doc‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:17 My Music‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2063 Feb 8 05:19 my.cnf‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫599‪0 Jul 31 06:35 pdf‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 16 10:59 phptriad‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 29 09:22 Program Files‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 06:12 unzipped‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 1 00:13 WINNT‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer finished successfully‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 977 bytes received in 0.08Seconds 12.21Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺠل ﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (anonymous‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻨﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ )@( ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺩﺨﻭﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺘﻁﺎﻟﺒﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ .‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘل ﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ.‬ ‫• ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺓ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺃﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻀﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻀﺎﻜﻡ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺤﺴﺎﻨﻜﻡ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺼﻴﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺭ ﺃﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺠﺩﺍ )‪ (eXistenZ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘﻪ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺠﺯﻴل ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﻻﺘﻨﺴﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺀ.‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺘﻜﻡ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪The-one@pharaonics.net‬‬
OR The_o0ne@hotmail.com OR The_o0one@yahoo.com

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  • 1. ‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ.‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪.(protocol‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ.‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪.(client‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺓ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ.‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ.ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺅﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻰ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻭﺭﺍ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪:(protocol‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ. ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ. ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻭ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ . ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻫﺎﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﻼ‬
  • 2. ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﺴﻬل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻁﺭﻑ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ.ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ.‬ ‫• ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل )‪ (ftp‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍ ل ) ‪ (file transfer protocol‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ )‪ (tcp/ip‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ)‪.(application layer‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺼﻤﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ. ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻼﻥ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺘﺸﻐﻠﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ )‪ ،(windows‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ )‬ ‫‪ (Linux‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل. ﻭﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻘل ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪(binary, ASCII‬‬ ‫.ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪(server‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ . ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ )‪(anonymous‬‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﺤﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ:‬ ‫١. ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ )‪:(control connection‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‬ ‫‪ .(client‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ )12( ﻜﺈﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )12(‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ )‪ (listen‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﻷﻱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻗﺎﺩﻡ. ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ.‬ ‫٢. ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ )‪:(data connection‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ. ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ. ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ.‬ ‫• ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪:(ftp‬‬
  • 3. ‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (cd‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻌﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﺍل )‪ (ftp‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (CWD‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل(ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ )ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ( ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪. (CWD‬ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(lcd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪ (client‬ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ.‬ ‫1‪ftp> lcd dir‬‬ ‫.1‪Local directory now C:dir‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )1‪ (dir‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﺃﻨﺕ . ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ).. ‪ (lcd‬ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺎ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ: ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺭﺴل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻪ )>‪ (ftp‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )>---( ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(cd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ)‪ (server‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪ (client‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(CWD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (cd‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻫﻭ )‪.(CWD‬‬ ‫‪ftp> cd downloads‬‬ ‫‪---> CWD downloads‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻨﺤﻥ، ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ (CWD‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫. ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ).. ‪:(cd‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ. ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﻭﻜﺱ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫.. ‪ftp> cd‬‬ ‫.. ‪---> CWD‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(pwd‬‬
  • 4. ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻤﺜل:‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ftp> pwd‬‬ ‫‪---> XPWD‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(ASCII‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )‪ (ASCII‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ .ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﻫﻭ )‪ASCII‬‬ ‫(.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> ascii‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE A‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(TYPE A‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(binary‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ (binary‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻭﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ.ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (TYPE I‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> binary‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE I‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(dir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺴﺭﺩ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻥ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> dir‬‬ ‫62,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬ ‫‪---> LIST‬‬ ‫.‪150 File Listing Follows in ASCII mode‬‬ ‫13 ‪total‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 bin‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪5243 Mar 24 2001 dmlogo.gif‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 html‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 include‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 lib‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2483 Feb 6 02:01 license.txt‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2279 Mar 17 16:46 readme.html‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪1544 Jan 29 2002 readme.txt‬‬ ‫‪drwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:26 stl‬‬ ‫‪-rwxrwxrwx 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫928‪40 Aug 30 2001 v‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (port‬ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺩ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪list‬‬ ‫( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل.ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
  • 5. ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (ls‬ﻭﻟﻙ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ . ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺩﻭﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﻜﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(ls‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(mkdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ .(server‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(XMKD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> mkdir dir‬‬ ‫1‪---> XMKD dir‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﻫﻭ )1‪.(dir‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(rmdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﺤﺫﻑ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺴﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(XRMD‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> rmdir dir‬‬ ‫1‪---> XRMD dir‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﺫﻓﻪ ﻫﻭ )1‪.(dir‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(rename‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ .ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫1‪ftp> rename dir dir‬‬ ‫‪---> RNFR dir‬‬ ‫...‪350 Enter the name to rename it to‬‬ ‫1‪---> RNTO dir‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ )‪ (dir‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎ )1‪ (dir‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ.ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ )‪ (RNFR‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ )‪ (rename from‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻋﺩ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪. (RNTO‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(get‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻷﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‬ ‫‪ (RETR‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ.ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> GET TEXT11.TXT‬‬ ‫51,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬
  • 6. ‫‪---> RETR TEXT11.TXT‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(recv‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘل ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (mget‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻘل ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ، ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(put‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ )‪ (PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ، ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ .(STOR‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫‪ftp> put text11.txt‬‬ ‫81,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫‪200 PORT command okay‬‬ ‫‪---> STOR text11.txt‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(send‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪mput‬‬ ‫(ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺤﻤﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ، ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪: (open‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> open server_name‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪ (server_name‬ﻫﻭ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻪ.‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(close‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ:‬ ‫‪ftp> close‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (disconnect‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪:(bye‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻹﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺇﺭﺠﺎﻋﻙ ﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺔ )‪ .(ftp‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪.(close‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (help‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍل)‪ .(ftp‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪ftp> help‬‬ ‫:‪Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are‬‬
  • 7. ‫!‬ ‫‪delete‬‬ ‫‪literal‬‬ ‫‪prompt‬‬ ‫‪send‬‬ ‫?‬ ‫‪debug‬‬ ‫‪ls‬‬ ‫‪put‬‬ ‫‪status‬‬ ‫‪append‬‬ ‫‪dir‬‬ ‫‪mdelete‬‬ ‫‪pwd‬‬ ‫‪trace‬‬ ‫‪ascii‬‬ ‫‪disconnect‬‬ ‫‪mdir‬‬ ‫‪quit‬‬ ‫‪type‬‬ ‫‪bell‬‬ ‫‪get‬‬ ‫‪mget‬‬ ‫‪quote‬‬ ‫‪user‬‬ ‫‪binary‬‬ ‫‪glob‬‬ ‫‪mkdir‬‬ ‫‪recv‬‬ ‫‪verbose‬‬ ‫‪bye‬‬ ‫‪hash‬‬ ‫‪mls‬‬ ‫‪remotehelp‬‬ ‫‪cd‬‬ ‫‪help‬‬ ‫‪mput‬‬ ‫‪rename‬‬ ‫‪close‬‬ ‫‪lcd‬‬ ‫‪open‬‬ ‫‪rmdir‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻜل ﺃﻤﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ :‬ ‫‪ftp>? Command‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪ (command‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ.‬ ‫• ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ.‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻤﺤﺘﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﻫﻭ )‬ ‫1( ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻓﻬﻭ )5(. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﺄﻗل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻫﻭ )0( ﻭﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ )5(.ﻭﻜل ﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺭﺍﺕ:‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫521‬ ‫--1 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪data‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫‪connection‬‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ;‪open‬‬ ‫‪already‬‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ .‬ ‫.‪transfer string‬‬ ‫--2 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ .‪200 command ok‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺴل ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫--3 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪331 Give me your‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ‪password, please‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭ.‬ ‫--4 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ‪425 can`t open‬‬
  • 8. ‫.‪data connection‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻙ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ. ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ.‬ ‫‪500 Unidentified‬‬ ‫--5 ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﻴﻘﺒل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪command hello‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻼﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻭ )‪.(hello‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪500 Unidentified‬‬ ‫-0- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪command hello‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل.‬ ‫‪214-The following‬‬ ‫-1- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪commands‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ.‬ ‫‪recognized‬‬ ‫*(‬ ‫‪=>'s‬‬ ‫.)‪unimplemented‬‬ ‫521‬ ‫‪data‬‬ ‫-2- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪connection‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪already‬‬ ‫;‪open‬‬ ‫.‪transfer string‬‬ ‫‪331 Give me your‬‬ ‫-3- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺼﺎﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪password, please‬‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺎ. ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻤﺴﺅﺅل ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻴﺢ.‬ ‫-4- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل.‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ.‬ ‫051‬ ‫-5- ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ. ﻭﺘﺭﻯ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ‪quot;C:/text11.txtquot; file‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻨﻘل ‪ready to receive in‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ.‬ ‫‪ASCII mode‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ.‬ ‫ﹰ‬
  • 9. ‫• ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ )‪ (server‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )‪.(client‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻬﻴﺊ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻜﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪(ftp server‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ )‪ (sever‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ )‬ ‫12(. ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )12( ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺼﺭﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻫﻲ )‬ ‫‪ (established‬ﺃﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ . ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻤﺜﻼ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻔﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪PORT‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ )6‪ (PORT n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‬ ‫4‪ (n1,n2,n3,n‬ﻫﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻟﻙ )ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ( ﺃﻤﺎ )6‪ (n5,n‬ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﻔﺘﺤﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫51,4,1,0,0,721 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻲ ﻫﻭ )1.0.0.721( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻲ ﺃﻀﻊ ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ )‪(ftp‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ. ﺃﻤﺎ )51,4( ﻓﻬﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ:‬ ‫51+652*4‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻫﻭ )9301( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )9301( ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ.ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻘل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )02‬ ‫( ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )02(.‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪.(ftp‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ١:ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﺎ.‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
  • 10. ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ )ﺩﻭﺱ( ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍل )‪ (*nix‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎ . ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻏﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )161.59.411.26 ‪ (C:>ftp -d‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻀﻔﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (d‬ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺴل ﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )>---( . ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻨﺘﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل )ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ(.‬ ‫161.59.411.26 ‪C:>ftp -d‬‬ ‫.161.59.411.26 ‪Connected to‬‬ ‫...‪220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready‬‬ ‫‪User (62.114.95.161:(none)): tt‬‬ ‫‪---> USER tt‬‬ ‫.‪331 User name okay, need password‬‬ ‫:‪Password‬‬ ‫‪---> PASS tt‬‬ ‫.‪230 User logged in, proceed‬‬ ‫‪ftp> dir‬‬ ‫56,6,551,461,39,212 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫.‪200 PORT Command successful‬‬ ‫‪---> LIST‬‬ ‫.‪150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫. 13:60 1 ‪0 Jan‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫.. 13:60 1 ‪0 Jan‬‬ ‫‪-rw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪28827 Oct 1 1994 BOOKMARK.HTM‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪0 Jan 17 20:17 Fav‬‬ ‫‪drw-rw-rw- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪0 Jan 1 06:31 Hacking‬‬ ‫‪-r--r--r-- 1 user‬‬ ‫‪group‬‬ ‫‪38912 Oct 17 1994 Scrap.shs‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer complete‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 376 bytes received in 0.12Seconds 3.11Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺄﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻴﺼﺭﺡ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ )‪ (tt‬ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻫﻲ )‪ (tt‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ) >---‬ ‫‪ (PASS tt‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺴل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ.ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (dir‬ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (dir‬ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )56,6,551,461,39,212 ‪ (---> PORT‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻲ ﻫﻭ )551.461.39.212( ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻭ )56+652*6( ﺃﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )1061( ﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ) ‪(a- netstat‬‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:‬
  • 11. TCP unix:ftp-data 212.93.164.155:1601 TIME_WAIT TCP unix:ftp 212.93.164.155:1597 ESTABLISHED ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ftp-) ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )02( ﺃﻭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻰ ﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬TIME_WAIT) ‫(.ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬data ‫ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻪ. ﻭﻟﻭ ﺩﻗﻘﺕ ﺠﻴﺩﺍ ﻟﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫( ﺃﻱ ﺘﺎﻡ . ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ‬established) ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺘﺎﻡ ﻤﺎﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻁﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺎ‬ :‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٢: ﺃﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ. ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻴﻠ ﻲ‬ C:>ftp -d 62.114.95.161 Connected to 62.114.95.161. 220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready... User (62.114.95.161:(none)): uu ---> USER uu 331 User name okay, need password. Password: ---> PASS uu 230 User logged in, proceed. ftp> dir ---> PORT 212,93,164,155,6,140 200 PORT Command successful. ---> LIST 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls. drw-rw-rw- 1 user group 0 Feb 16 06:54 . drw-rw-rw- 1 user group 0 Feb 16 06:54 .. -rw-rw-rw- 1 user group 45856 Jul 25 2001 DOS.TXT -rw-rw-rw- 1 user group 8540 Jul 23 2001 Ports.txt -r--r--r-- 1 user group 4357 Mar 14 2001 happy99.txt -r--r--r-- 1 user group 1630 Mar 14 2001 mcafee.txt 226 Transfer complete. ftp: 382 bytes received in 0.16Seconds 2.39Kbytes/sec. ftp> ascii ---> TYPE A 200 Type set to A. ftp> get mcafee.txt ---> PORT 212,93,164,155,6,141 200 PORT Command successful. ---> RETR mcafee.txt 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for mcafee.txt (1630 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. ftp: 1630 bytes received in 4.31Seconds 0.38Kbytes/sec.
  • 12. ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ )141+652*6( ﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ. ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ )‪ (get‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (ascii‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‪ (ascii‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺨﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻤﺜﻼ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‪ (binary‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ.‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ) 2‪ftp>mget filename1 filename‬‬ ‫3‪ (filename‬ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﺴﻴﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ )1‪ (filename‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ )‬ ‫2‪ (filename‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ.‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٣: ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )‬ ‫‪ .(binary‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ.‬ ‫04.351.121.361 ‪C:>ftp -d‬‬ ‫.04.351.121.361 ‪Connected to‬‬ ‫...‪220 Serv-U FTP Server v4.0 for WinSock ready‬‬ ‫‪User (163.121.153.40:(none)): uu‬‬ ‫‪---> USER uu‬‬ ‫.‪331 User name okay, need password‬‬ ‫:‪Password‬‬ ‫‪---> PASS uu‬‬ ‫.‪230 User logged in, proceed‬‬ ‫‪ftp> binary‬‬ ‫‪---> TYPE I‬‬ ‫.‪200 Type set to I‬‬ ‫‪ftp> put crypt.exe‬‬ ‫871,7,332,961,39,212 ‪---> PORT‬‬ ‫.‪200 PORT Command successful‬‬ ‫‪---> STOR crypt.exe‬‬ ‫.‪150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for crypt.exe‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer complete‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 40960 bytes sent in 0.01Seconds 4096.00Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫!‪221 Goodbye‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (binary‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (PUT‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ‬
  • 13. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ . ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺤﻤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫( ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻜل ﻤﻠﻑ‬ftp>mput filename1 filename2 filename3) ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ .‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ :(anonymous) ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ٤: ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻜﻭل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ (server) ‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻻﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫1.0.0.721( ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ .‫ﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﺃﺨﺭ‬ C:>ftp -d 127.0.0.1 Connected to 127.0.0.1. 220-This FTP site is running a copy of WFTPD that is NOT REGISTERED 220- 220-Shareware can only improve if supported by its users. 220-The easiest way to support shareware is to register it. 220-WFTPD costs from $20 to register. 220- 220-To register this program, or receive new details on it, send email 220-to alun@texis.com (Alun Jones), or snail-mail to Texas Imperial Software, 220-1602 Harvest Moon Place, Cedar Park TX 78613-1419 USA 220- 220-As added incentive for the site owner to register, you will be restricted 220-to five (5) transfers - to get more transfers, please re-login. 220- 220-Please note - Alun Jones is only responsible for the software 220-that this site runs, and is not responsible in any way for either 220-the content of this site, nor its location on the Internet. 220 WFTPD 2.4 service (by Texas Imperial Software) ready for new user User (127.0.0.1:(none)): anonymous ---> USER anonymous 331-Anonymous user access allowed - please enter your email 331-address as the password: 331 Give me your password, please Password: ---> PASS anonymouse@anonymoys 230 Logged in successfully ftp> dir ---> PORT 127,0,0,1,5,193 200 PORT command okay ---> LIST 150 File Listing Follows in ASCII mode.
  • 14. ‫26 ‪total‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 16 10:59 apache‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 19 05:58 Borland‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 5 07:06 DevStudio‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:25 dm‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 29 09:21 Documents and Settings‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 4 14:30 Downloads‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪1012 Jul 31 05:58 FRUNLOG.TXT‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪21504 Aug 7 23:06 get.doc‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 16:17 My Music‬‬ ‫‪-r-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪2063 Feb 8 05:19 my.cnf‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫599‪0 Jul 31 06:35 pdf‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 16 10:59 phptriad‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 29 09:22 Program Files‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Jul 31 06:12 unzipped‬‬ ‫‪dr-xr-xr-x 1 noone nogroup‬‬ ‫‪0 Aug 1 00:13 WINNT‬‬ ‫.‪226 Transfer finished successfully‬‬ ‫.‪ftp: 977 bytes received in 0.08Seconds 12.21Kbytes/sec‬‬ ‫‪ftp> bye‬‬ ‫‪---> QUIT‬‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺠل ﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (anonymous‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻨﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ )@( ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺩﺨﻭﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺘﻁﺎﻟﺒﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ .‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﻓﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘل ﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ.‬ ‫• ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺓ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺃﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻀﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻀﺎﻜﻡ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺤﺴﺎﻨﻜﻡ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺼﻴﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺭ ﺃﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺠﺩﺍ )‪ (eXistenZ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘﻪ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺠﺯﻴل ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﻻﺘﻨﺴﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺀ.‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺘﻜﻡ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫‪The-one@pharaonics.net‬‬
  • 15. OR The_o0ne@hotmail.com OR The_o0one@yahoo.com