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Star Classification

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MrsKendall

Stars are large balls of ionized gas held together by gravity that emit energy through nuclear reactions. They are classified based on size, temperature, and brightness. Size categories include super giants, red giants, main sequence, white dwarfs, and neutron stars. Temperature determines color, from red (coolest) to blue (hottest). Brightness depends on both a star's intrinsic luminosity and its distance from Earth. Spectrographs are used to analyze starlight and determine properties like chemical composition, temperature, and distance.

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Classifying stars!
What IS a star anyway?!?! STARS: A star is a large ball of ionized gas, held together by gravity, that emits energy produced by nuclear reactions in its interior. Types of stars:  Stars are classified by their size, temperature, and brightness!
Classifying Stars SIZE!!!! Temperature!!!  Super Giant  Hot = Red  Red Giant  Hotter = White  Main  Hottest = Blue/White Sequence  White Dwarf  Neutron Star Brightness!  How bright it appears depends on it’s distance from us  How bright it actually is depends on its size & temp.
Relationship between surface temperature and color of stars: 3,500 K (red) 5,000 K (yellow) Just like car headlights look small and dim when they are far away and then BLIND you as they get closer, Stars are similar. 7,000 K (white) 25,000 K (blue) You may notice at night when you look up at the stars that some seem to be slightly different colors, that has to do with their temperature!
Apparent vs. Absolute Apparent Magnitude  The observed luminosity of a celestial body, such as a star, as observed from earth.  The apparent magnitude of a star depends on its luminosity and distance. Absolute Magnitude  The apparent magnitude a star would have if it were 32.6 light years away from Earth.
TOOLS OF ASTRONOMY Spectrograph: A tool that is used to obtain information from stars by breaking up the colors they emit. http://herschel.jpl.nasa.gov/farIRandSubmm.shtml
Chemical compositions: Each element absorbs different wavelengths of light and shows up as lines on a spectrum.
Temperature: Stars at different temperatures produce a different line spectra.
Distances to stars •Light Speed: Light travels at 300,000 km/s. •Light Year: The distance light travels in a year.

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Star Classification

  • 2. What IS a star anyway?!?! STARS: A star is a large ball of ionized gas, held together by gravity, that emits energy produced by nuclear reactions in its interior. Types of stars:  Stars are classified by their size, temperature, and brightness!
  • 3. Classifying Stars SIZE!!!! Temperature!!!  Super Giant  Hot = Red  Red Giant  Hotter = White  Main  Hottest = Blue/White Sequence  White Dwarf  Neutron Star Brightness!  How bright it appears depends on it’s distance from us  How bright it actually is depends on its size & temp.
  • 4. Relationship between surface temperature and color of stars: 3,500 K (red) 5,000 K (yellow) Just like car headlights look small and dim when they are far away and then BLIND you as they get closer, Stars are similar. 7,000 K (white) 25,000 K (blue) You may notice at night when you look up at the stars that some seem to be slightly different colors, that has to do with their temperature!
  • 5. Apparent vs. Absolute Apparent Magnitude  The observed luminosity of a celestial body, such as a star, as observed from earth.  The apparent magnitude of a star depends on its luminosity and distance. Absolute Magnitude  The apparent magnitude a star would have if it were 32.6 light years away from Earth.
  • 6. TOOLS OF ASTRONOMY Spectrograph: A tool that is used to obtain information from stars by breaking up the colors they emit. http://herschel.jpl.nasa.gov/farIRandSubmm.shtml
  • 7. Chemical compositions: Each element absorbs different wavelengths of light and shows up as lines on a spectrum.
  • 8. Temperature: Stars at different temperatures produce a different line spectra.
  • 9. Distances to stars •Light Speed: Light travels at 300,000 km/s. •Light Year: The distance light travels in a year.