Structure of Atmosphere888.pptx
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The document outlines the four main layers of Earth's atmosphere: 1) The troposphere extends from the surface to about 12 km high and contains over 80% of the atmosphere's mass. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer. 2) The stratosphere is between 10-50 km high, contains most of the atmosphere's ozone layer, and temperatures increase with altitude. 3) The mesosphere ranges from 50-80 km and is the coldest layer, protecting Earth from meteoroids. 4) The thermosphere extends from 80-320+ km, where temperatures can reach over 2000 degrees Celsius due to ultraviolet radiation. It contains the ionosphere and exosphere.
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Structure of Atmosphere888.pptx
- 1. STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE. • Outline: • Four Layers of atmosphere • Troposphere. • Stratosphere. • Mesosphere. • Thermosphere.
- 2. Structure of Atmosphere: • The formation of Earth’s atmosphere is divided into layers according to major changes in temperature. • Gravity pushes the layers of air down on the earth’s surface. This push is called air pressure. • The 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is below 32 kilometers.
- 3. Troposphere: • It is the layer just above the earth’s surface whose distance is between 0 – 12 km • The bottom layer where temperature decreases with an increase in altitude, is the troposphere. • The troposphere contains over 80% of the mass of the atmosphere, along with nearly all of the water vapor. • The temperature drops about 6.5 degrees Celsius for every kilometer above the earth’s surface. • Tropopause separates Troposphere and Stratosphere. • The temperature remains fairly constant here. We find the jet stream here.
- 4. Stratosphere: • The layer above the troposphere at a distance between 10 – 50km above the earth’s surface. • In the lower part of the stratosphere temperature remains fairly constant. This heat warms the atmosphere in the layer at about (20–45 km) and gives the stratosphere its characteristic temperature increase with height. • The stratosphere contains most of the ozone found in the earth’s atmosphere. • Ozone layer protect the Earth from Ultraviolet radiation of the Sun.
- 5. Mesosphere: • The layer above stratosphere at a distance between 50 – 80km above the earth’s surface. • The temperature drops in this layer to about -100 degrees Celsius. • This is the coldest region of the atmosphere. • This layer protects the earth from meteoroids. They burn up in this area. • The upper limit is called Mesopause which separates Mesosphere and Thermosphere.
- 6. Thermosphere: • The layer above the mesosphere at a distance between 80 - 320km.The air is very thin in this layer. • Thermosphere means “heat sphere”. The temperature is very high in this layer because ultraviolet radiation is turned into heat. • Temperatures often reach 2000 degrees Celsius or more. • Radio waves that are transmitted from the earth are reflected by this layer. • The temperature increases with height. • Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.
- 7. This layer contains: Ionosphere: • This is the lower part of the thermosphere. It extends from about 80 to 550 km. • The ionosphere consists of electrically charged particles known as ions. • This layer is defined as the layer of the atmosphere of Earth that is ionized by cosmic and solar radiation.
- 8. Exosphere: • The upper part of the thermosphere. • It extends from about 550 km for thousands of kilometers. • Air is very thin here. • The zone where molecules and atoms escape into space is mentioned as the exosphere. • This is the area where satellites orbit the earth.