Supelec m2m - iot - update 2013 - part 2

From
Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
Communications
to
Internet of Things (IoT)

Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap
& Standards

Part 2/3
Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)
Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom

Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only,
and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!

2
© Thierry Lestable, 2012

ToC – Part 1
• Market
• Internet of Things (IoT)
– RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC
– Governance rules
• Architecture
• Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
– KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/ANT+/WiFi
11ac/ad/Direct
– IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL
• Smart Home
– Z-wave/Wavenis
– DLNA/UPnP
– Management (BBF)
• WAN - LTE
3

ToC- Part 2
• WiFi/Cellular Convergence
• WiMAX – M2M
• Smart Grids
– Use cases/Features/Overview
– SGCG/M490
– SMCG/M441
– G3 PLC/PRIME
– Governance
• Smart Vehicles (ITS)
– DSRC/WAVE/802.11p
– EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5
– Use cases/Features
• Cloud
– Gaming
– TV Connected
• Smart TVs
• Thin Clients/Stream boxes
• PVR
• Standardization & industry Alliances Part 3 (Final slot)
• Net neutrality
• Conclusions & Perspectives
– French Market
– Worldwide Forecast

4

IoT – Commuting Time

ATAWADAC = Any Time Any Where Any Device Any Content
6

Smart City
What we are looking for….ultimately…

Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…
7

Traffic Explosion & Social
Networks / OTT

50%

901 million

500 Million
Mobile users

Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide

Total mobile traffic
•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB
in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure.
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)

140.00

120.00

100.00
Yearly traffic in EB

Europe
80.00 Americas
Asia
60.00 Rest of the world
W orld
40.00

20.00

-
2010 2015 2020

Source: IDATE

9

Wireless M2M: 4 pillars

10

RFID Communication platform

11

Id Tag B2C scenario example

12

NFC: 3 operating modes

Universal Mobile Wallet

13

IoT – European Vision 2020

14

IoT, European Commission
• Need for Governance Actions
– Privacy & protection of personnal Data
– Trust, Acceptance & Security
– Standardization

Internet of Things

Internet of Things for People

15

High Level (simplified) M2M
Architecture
Capillary
Network

Operator
platform

M2M
Gateway

Client
Application

16

Capillary Network &
Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)
Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions
towards IP smart objects…

Smart Digital Home

18

Home Network Convergence

Video Access Environme eHealth
Security Femtocell Screen Set Top Box HGW Meter Control nt Appliance Sensor
Sensor

BROADBAND HOME NETWORK SENSOR NETWORK
Quadruple Play Energy Managt, Home Control, eHealth

QoS / Plug and Play / Easy install / Security

Portable Applications
OSGI
TR69 TR69 / SNMP

DLNA
UPnP IP V6
IP V4 / V6 6LoWPAN / ZigBee

Ethernet, WiFi, Home Plug , USB, G.Hn
ZigBee, CPL, MBUS, X10
DECT, FXS, 3G/4G

19

WAN – Cellular Systems

3GPP LTE & WiMAX

Vertical Markets in LTE

21

Wireless Broadband Systems
mapping

22

Global Mobile Traffic
Exabytes (1018) per Month
10.8 EB

6.9 EB

4.2 EB

2.4 EB
1.3 EB 70%
0.6 EB

10.8 EB

6.9 EB

4.2 EB

2.4 EB
1.3 EB
0.6 EB

23

LTE subscribers Forecast
(thousands) Worldwide
By 2015, Around 379 Million LTE subscribers

#1

24

LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…
25

LTE Devices Form Factor -
2011

Oct. 2011

26

LTE Devices Form Factor - 2012

November 2012

X3 increase in LTE devices in 1 year !
Manufacturers grew +73% during same period!
151 LTE Smart Phones: X 5 in 1 year!
LTE-enabled Tablets: more than doubled in 6 Months !

1800MHz band Most popular now!
Used in +37% networks deployed.
27

LTE Devices categories
@1800MHz
130 LTE User Devices @1800MHz

Router USB Dongle

Phone
Module

42 networks deployed @1800MHz,
22 more on-going Roll-outs
Ecosystem is mature enough to provide
such profile

LTE Parallel evolution path to
3G

DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)
DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]

DC-HSPA + 64QAM
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

29

Main benefits from LTE

30

Main benefits from LTE

• Full Packet Switched (PS) no MSC • CSFB, SRVCC
• no RNC • Hotspot Offload
• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)

• DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO) • Mobility up to 350Km/h
• BW up to 20MHz • Latency < 5ms
• Default Bearer & QoS • QoS & IMS | ICIC

• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz • GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum
• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)

31

LTE Rel.8/9: Bandwidth &
Duplexing modes

And HALF-DUPLEX!!!

32

105 Networks launched in 48 Countries
209 by end of 2013!

27,6 Million Subscribers

Worldwide Mobile Broadband
Spectrum FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz
FDD Hong-Kong
7 3
China Mobile
2600 1800
AWS TeliaSonera Genius Brand
Vodafone CSL Ltd
O2 …
Major TD-LTE Market
… (incl. India)

Verizon
metroPCS AT&T
21
NTT DoCoMo
1500

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
Digital Dividend
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem!
34

LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs
Spectrum Band fragmentation

Source:Huawei

35

TD-LTE is gaining momentum
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest
for Operators & Vendors

36

Global UMTS Subscriber Growth
Forecast

HSPA+ will still play an active role
In near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE.

3G will keep playing a Key role
In Future!
Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)

37

3GPP LTE System architecture
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
PCRF: Policy, Charging Resource Function
UE: User Equipment
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Gateway
HSS: Home Subcriber Server
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
EPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN
PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP

DHCP

LTE – Rel.8

38

LTE Bearers

E-UTRAN EPC Internet

UE eNB S-GW P-GW Peer
Entity

End-to-end Service

EPS Bearer External Bearer

E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

Radio Bearer S1 Bearer

Radio S1 S5/S8 Gi

QoS parameters & QoS Class
Id (QCI)
QCI Resource Priority Packet Packet Example Services
Type Delay Error Loss
Budget Rate
(NOTE 1) (NOTE 2)
1 2 100 ms -2 Conversational Voice
10
(NOTE 3)
2 4 150 ms -3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
10
(NOTE 3) GBR
3 3 50 ms 10
-3 Real Time Gaming VoLTE
(NOTE 3)
4 5 300 ms 10
-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming) (IMS)
(NOTE 3)
5 1 100 ms -6 IMS Signalling
10
(NOTE 3)
6 Video (Buffered Streaming)
(NOTE 4) 6 300 ms -6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
10
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7 Non-GBR Voice,
(NOTE 3) 7 100 ms -3 Video (Live Streaming)
10
Interactive Gaming Video
8
(NOTE 5) 8 Video (Buffered Streaming)
300 ms -6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
10
9 9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)
(NOTE 6)

Source: 3GPP TS23.303

VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
Early Adopters General Market

craft
revolution

2011: TRIALS 2011: CSFB

2012: COMMERCIAL 2012: TRIALS
SRVCC
2013: COMMERCIAL

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
41

Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)

contacts File Sharing chat Video share

42

Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)

43

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (1/2)

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (2/2)

Verizon Wireless – LTE
Coverage Map (July 2012)

~230 Markets
200 Million POPs NOW! (2/3 coverage)
End of 2012: 400 Markets / 260 Million POPs

4G-LTE Verizon Innovation
July 2012
Smart phones

Dongles M-Tablets
MiFi

Verizon JetPack Galaxy Tab
551L Droid - Xyboard

ATT Coverage map (Warning
4G = HSPA+)

~40 Markets
150 Million POPs by end 2012
National coverage by end 2013

AT&T

July 2012

Summer 2011

USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’ MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’

France
@2,6GHz
@800MHz

Authorized to ask for
Trials in 2012 Roaming @800MHz to SFR
Marseille Lyon

Commercial Launch in 2013

N.B: deployment @800MHz expected to be slow due to frequency plan from ANFR + potential issues with Digital TV
@2.6GHz, still issues with some RADARs

Video Requirements
Vs
Device types & resolutions

LTE (Rel.8) Terminal
Categories: Reminder
Most popular/available

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (1/2)

Source: Motorola

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (2/2)

Source: Santa-Clara Univ.

LTE Video – Number of Video
Streams Per sector (estimate) Source: Motorola

Cat.4 Terminal
DL: 150Mbps
UL: 50Mbps

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP (DASH)

3GPP Rel.10 (LTE-Advanced) & Beyond

Other HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming solutions

Adobe
Microsoft HTTP Apple
Silverlight Dynamic HTTP
Smooth Streaming Live
Streaming (HDS) Streaming
(MSS) (HLS)

56

Adaptive Streaming Flow

57

Video Encoder Technology
Evolution

Video Coding Standardization -
Timeline

HEVC (H265) Gain ~ 40% over H264
3GPP Rel.12 (March 2014)
Available for Smartphones & Tablets in 2013 (no TV!)

LTE steps into
Heterogeneous Networks
HetNets

Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston

61

How to solve the Capacity
crunch?
• Capacity crunch is experienced due to following major factors:
– Increased data consumption from Smartphone device
applications
– Signaling traffic overhead genereted by Smartphones
• Unoptimized applications too frequent and useless polling
– Flat rate service plans

– situation can be critical for some operators.

– Need for flexible solutions = Sandbox !!

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS is the solution = HetNets

62

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !
63

Offload Forecast

64

HetNets & Small Cells (LTE)

65

Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators
(1.99billion subscribers, 34%)

66

Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology
Providers

The ecosystem is now mature enough
4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012 67

Femtocell market status

36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2012

68

Femtocells Markets

Femtocells Competitive Markets

Femtocells AP Forecast - 2014
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

69

LTE Femto: HeNB

S1
S1
S1

S1

S1

S1
X2

X2

3GPP Rel.10

70

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!

71

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!
[1] [2]

[3]

72

HeNB OAM process
(Mgt System)

73

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !
74

Key Findings
Global Femtocell Survey

• Main driver for femtocells is in-building voice coverage – and is
Voice coverage main driver for consumer rating of mobile operator

• Voice service improvement alone could prevent 42% of
Churn Reduction consumers switching operator in the next 12 months

Wi-Fi • 83% of heavy Wi-Fi phone users find femtocells very/extremely
complementary appealing

Added-value • 68% of femtocell fans found at least one advanced femtocell
services service very/extremely appealing

75

LTE Self-Organizing
Networks (SON)

LTE Self-Organizing Network
(SON) features
S1/X2 configuration

77

SON progress status w.r.t
3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10

78

Support for Self-Configuration &
Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration
Process
– Basic Set-up
– Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system
– Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process
– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance
measurements are used to
auto-tune the network

79

LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and
Beyond (Rel.11)

Rel.11

81

LTE-Advanced: System
Performance Requirements

Support of Wider Bandwidth
Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz

MIMO Techniques extension
DL: up to 8 layers
UL: up to 4 layers

Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)
(Rel.11)

Relaying
Un
Uu
L1 & L3 relaying
82

LTE-Advanced
Architecture & Services
Enhancements
• LIPA
• SIPTO
• IFOM
• Relaying
• MTC (M2M)

LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access
(LIPA)

84

LIPA solution for HeNB using
Local PDN Connection
LIPA

MME
PCRF Rx

S10 S11
S1-MME
L- GW
Gx
L-S5
Other
IMS
HeNB S1-U SGW S5 PDN GW SGi Internet
Etc.

E-
UTRA- Local IP acc ess network elements
Uu
E-UTRAN network elements

EPC network elements

Packet data network (e.g. Internet,
E-UTRA UE Intranet, intra-operator IMS
provisioning)

85

LTE-Advanced: Selected IP
Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

SIPTO Traffic

CN
L-PGW
MME
RAN
S5
S11

S1-U S5
eNB S-GW P-GW

UE CN Traffic

86

LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility
and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously)
some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload
Femto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6

87

LTE-Advanced: Relaying and its
potential gain
Un
Uu

88

LTE-Advanced: Relay support

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

S1
S1
S1
X2 1 E-UTRAN
eNB S1 DeNB
X2
Un

RN

89

Machine-Type Communications
(MTC) in 3GPP

90

MTC Scenarios
• MTC Device MTC server • MTC Device <--> MTC Device
(No Server in between!)

MTC MTC
API
Operator domain Server User

MTC
Device
MTC MTC MTC
Operator domain A Operator domain B
Device Device Device
MTC MTC MTC
Device Device Device
MTC MTC
Device
MTC
Device Device
MTC MTC
Device Device

Operator domain MTC
Server/
MTC
MTC User
Device
MTC
Device Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!
MTC
Device
MTC
Device

91

3GPP MTC (High Level)
Architecture

MTCsms
MTC
3GPP
Server
PLMN -
MTCu 3GPP bearer services / MTC
MTC
Server
Device SMS / IMS IWK
Function
MTC
Server
MTCi

MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane
traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus
communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi,
and Wi interface.
MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates
with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.

92

3GPP MTC: Service Requirements
• Common Service REQ • Specific Service REQ (Features)
– Device Triggering – Low Mobility
– Addressing – Time Controlled
– Time Tolerant
Private Address Space Public Address Space – PS only
MTC MTC
– Small data Trx
MNO
Device Server – Mobile originated only
– Infrequent mobile Terminated
– Monitoring
– Identifiers – Priority alarm
– Charging – Secure Connection
– Security – Location Specific Trigger
– Remote Device Management – NW provided destination for UL
data
– Infrequent Trx
– Group based features

93

3GPP MTC: Service REQ

MTC Common Service REQ Details
Device Triggering MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with
the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established

Addressing MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device
inside a private IP address space

Identifiers uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.

Charging Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.

Security MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communications

Remote MTC Device The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)
Management

94

3GPP MTC: Features
MTC Feature Details
Low Mobility MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC
device

Time Controlled MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid
unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.

Time Tolerant MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator
to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network
overload)

Packet Switched (PS) only network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDN

Small Data Trx The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signalling
overhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)

Mobile originated only Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)

Infrequent Mobile Terminated MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications Reduce Mobility Management Signalling

MTC Monitoring Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) Warning to MTC
server (other actions configurable by user)

Priority Alarm Theft, vandalism, tampering Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)

Secure Connection Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.

Location Specific Trigger initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operator

Network Provided Destination MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP
for Uplink Data address.

Infrequent Transmission The network shall establish resource only when transmission occurs

Group Based (GB) MTC 1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for
features the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforced
GB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices
that are members of that MTC Group
95

M2M European R&D Innovation:
FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices

96

NGMN – LTE Backhaul

Source: Ericsson

Traffic Volume:

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

IPSec +14%

GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning
Need for more Research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)

97

TVWS for Backhaul

98

LTE in TVWS

99

LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool
facilitation? LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)

14.8%

Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!

© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)
100

LTE & 4G patents
$12.5 billion

6000+ patents
24000+ patents

$4.5 billion

WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion

$340 Million $770 Million

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!

101

Verizon LTE Innovation Center

LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV

102

Fixed/Mobile Convergence

Source: BT Wholesale

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures
Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)

104

WBA – Roadmap

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™

105

Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

Source: Cisco
106

WiMAX –
M2M & Smart Grids
IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n

WiMAX community turns to M2M
• IEEE 802.16p • IEEE 802.16n
– Machine-to-Machine (M2M) (GRIDMAN)
– Approved: Sept. 2010 – Smart Grids
– Expiration: Dec. 2014 – Emergency, Public Safety!!
• Misleading title, stands for:
– Greater Reliability In
• URL: Disrupted Metroplotian
http://ieee802.org/16/m2 Area NW
m/index.html – Approved: June 2010
– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• URL:
http://wirelessman.org/gri
dman/index.html

108

WiMAX based M2M Architecture

Classical WiMAX NW
109

WiMAX M2M: Requirements &
Features
• Extremely Low Power Consumption
• High Reliability
• Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)
• Extremely Large Numbers of Devices
• Addressing
• Group Control
• Security
• Small burst transmission
• Low/no mobility
• Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)
• Time Tolerant operations
• One-Way Data traffic
• Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)
• Extremely Long Range Access
• Infrequent traffic
Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…
110

WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts
M2M Requirements & Potential Directions with impacts on Standard
Features
Low Power Consumption Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl,
Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.
High Reliability Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation
procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g.
diversity)
Enhanced Access priority BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure
Transmission attemps Large Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entry
Numbers of Devices
Group Control Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation,
BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols
Small burst transmission New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation
protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small
Data. Smaller resource unit!
Low/no mobility Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt be
turned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.
Extremely Long Range access Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmission
Infrequent traffic Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocol

Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility

111

SMART GRIDS

113

Smart Grid overview

114

Smart Energy Management

115

Smart Grids: IT transport Tech

116

Smart Grid in Brief…

117

Grids meet Telcos

118

Smart Grid plane

Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

119

Smart Grid Mapping

Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
120

Smart Grid Value Chain: Actors & Roles

TSO: Transmission System Operator
GenCo: Generation Conmpany
DSO: Distribution System Operator
VPP: Virtual Power Plant
DG: Dispersed Generation

121

Smart Grid: Functional Split

122

EU Vs US
Smart Grid Strategy
EU US
Background: a fragmented electricity market Background: an aging power grid
Deregulation of electricity in some EC states Vision:
Vision: Smart meters and AMI are part of the
Start with a smart metering toolbox that allows to build a smart grid
infrastructure then extend to a smart grid infrastructure
network
Smart
Grids
Remote Meter Consumption
Management Awareness
Smart
Grids
Smart Smart Demand
Metering Home Response
AMI Distribution Electrical Wide Area …
Grid Transpor Situational
management tation Awareness

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation
ETSI, as a global and EU based ICT standards organization, is ideally placed
123

Smart Grid Value chain

124

Automated Meter Management
(AMM)/Smart Meter benefits

Demand Side Well-
Well-functioning
Management and Automated Meter internal Market:
reduction of CO2: Management:
Better consumers
Reduction of peak load by
Data storage information
consumers information Events storage Better frequency and
Easier connection for Remotely managed quality of billing data
distributed generation Soft Assist the participation of
shedding systems consumers in the electricity
Better network observability supply market
Demand side management Reduction of operating Easier access to data (IS
and better fraud detection system costs: or TIC)
in small isolated system will Reduction of cost and
limit tariff compensation Reduction of reading and delay of interventions
interventions costs
Reduction of “non technical
losses”
Reduction of treatment of
billing claim
Easier quality of supply
management
No need of user presence to
do simple operations 125

Smart Meters Market (USA)

127

European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter

« The General objective of this mandate is to create
European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters
(water, gas, electricity, heat), which can then improve the means by which
Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised
in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands
(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering’) »

128

European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter

129

Electricity Meters: French status
Multi-index
‘Blue’ Meter Electronic Meter
electromechanical Meter

16.5 Million meters Linky
7.5 Million meters
AMM
9 Million meters
33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanical
Only 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.
Little or no communicating:
Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed
modification needs a DSO intervention,
Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering
info.
At most two reading a year
Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at
home.
Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structure
Suppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,… 130

Linky high level architecture & service
new TIC
Dry C. GPRS DSO
35M
meters

interoperability Euridis port interoperability

PLC 700k
concentrators

Users
Suppliers

ot n
ol
pr ope
oc AMM
limit

131

Smart Metering (High level)
architecture
Wind Turbine Home displays
TV, Computer

Data Center
Solar Panel
In-Home
Energy
Display
Wan
Light Communication

Meters Coms
Appliances

Smart Smart
Temperature Breaker Valves Water Gas Smart Elec.

Gateway

132

From To Smart
Smart Building
Home Energy
Collection
Unit
WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
www

LAN LAN

Front-end SAGEM
communication Communications
server
Energ
y
Load
Real Time ! boxes
management

Micro-
generation
Application Energy
server operator

ENERGY GATEWAY

AMR
Local
Display

133

Smart Metering: Deployment
illustration

134

Metering Back Office

Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012 135

Communication Networks
Mapping


Communication Technologies
Mapping


G3 PLC (OFDM)
OFDM System on CENELEC band A
Extension of initial G3 PLC is now available
G3 To cover higher CENELEC bands:
B/C/BC/D/BCD/BD : [98.4 – 146.8] KHz

30 kHz 90 kHz

Co-existence Tone notching for
S-FSK compatibility

•Transformer MV/LV traversal G1 G3
•Repeater capability
PHY Details
FEC: Reed-Solomon (RS) + CC
(+Repetition code for robust mode)
Modulation: DBPSK, DQPSK, (D8PSK)
Link Adaptation
CP-OFDM
Nfft = 256 IETF 6LoWPAN / LOAD Routing
~34Kbps MAC: IEEE 802.15.4
PHY: G3 PLC (OFDM) 138

Need for Trust, Privacy & Security
Customer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified, and exploited commercially
intrusive.

139

Connected Home – Connected
Living

140

Smart Vehicular
environments
From Connected Car
To
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

Smart Car connectivity

142

Smart Car: Entertainment

143

Smart Car: Entertainment

Kids VoD Music & Video
Streaming
News, social Net
Videos, music, sport
OS,
touchscreen user interface
Media players…

LTE radio

144

Urban Transit: smart Travel Station

145

ITS overview

146

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
Security & Safety
• Stolen vehicle tracking
• eCall Services
• Roadside Assistance
This market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country
specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar”
standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil
with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe
with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).

Interests in
automotive market

Road Charge Insurance
• DSRC Module • Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles
• GPS Tolling capabilities • Pay as you drive solutions with Crown
This market is expected to grow Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in
significantly thanks to environmental France & Italy.
policies in developed countries (Toll
Collect in Germany, Czech Rep,
Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in Navigation & Driver Services
France) and to efficient toll collect • Dynamic Traffic Information
programs in emerging countries. • Route Calculation
• Real-time Alerts
Very fragmented market.
147

Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC)
Feature Europe North America Japan
Frequency Band 5.8GHz 915 MHz 5.9GHz 5.8GHz
Max Throughput DL: 0.5 DL/UL: 1
0.5 27
(Mbps) UL: 0.25 to 4
ARIB
STD
Standard CEN IEEE 802.11p/1609
T75 &
T88

CEN DSRC norms Year Topic
EN 12253 2004 L1 - PHY @ 5.8GHz
EN 12795 2003 L2 - Data Link Layer (DLL)
EN 12834 2003 L7 - Application Layer
EN 13372 2004 DSRC profiles for RTTT
EN ISO 14906 2004 Electronic Fee Collection

CEN DSRC is not sufficient for V2V and V2I communications!

148

WAVE, DSRC & IEEE 802.11p
• WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments)
– Mode of operation used by IEEE 802.11 devices to
operate in the DSRC band
• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range
Communications)
– ASTM Standard E2213-03, based on IEEE 802.11a
– Name of the 5.9GHz band allocated for the ITS
communications
• IEEE 802.11p
– Based on ASTM Standard E2213-03
• DSRC Devices

149

WAVE, DSRC protocol Stack

150

WAVE: Key components
• IEEE 1609
– P1609.1: Resource Manager
– P1609.2: Security Services for Applications &
Mgt Msgs
– P1609.3: Networking Services
– P1609.4: Multi-Channel Operations

151

DSRC North America

• New DSRC (based on 802.11a)
OLD NEW

152

DSRC: Performance Enveloppe
North America

153

European Commission Mandate

154

European Commission Mandate
• Legal Environment

• Standard Environment

155

ETSI ITS: Roadmap 2009-2011

156

New European Allocation & PHY: ITS-G5
Frequency Usage Regulation Harmonized
range standard
5 905 MHz to Future ITS ECC Decision [i.9] EN 302 571 [1]
5 925 MHz applications
5 875 MHz to ITS road safety ECC Decision [i.9],
5 905 MHz Commission Decision [i.13]
5 855 MHz to ITS non-safety ECC Recommendation [i.7]
5 875 MHz applications
Channel type Centre Channel Default data TX power TX power
5 470 MHz to RLAN (BRAN, ERC Decision [i.8] EN 301 893 [2] frequency spacing rate limit density limit
5 725 MHz WLAN) Commission Decisions [i.11] and [i.12] G5CC 5 900 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm/MHz

G5SC2 5 890 MHz 10 MHz 12 Mbit/s 23 dBm EIRP 13 dBm/MHz



G5SC4 5 860 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 0 dBm EIRP -10 dBm/MHz
G5SC5 As required in several dependent on 30 dBm EIRP 17 dBm/MHz
[2] for the channel (DFS master)
band spacing
5 470 MHz to 23 dBm EIRP 10 dBm/MHz
5 725 MHz (DFS slave)

The physical layer of ITS-G5 shall be compliant with the profile of IEEE 802.11 –
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY specification for the 5 GHz band
157

V2V and V2R Communications
• Typical V2V • Typical V2R
applications applications
– Accidents – Road Works areas
– Congestions – Speed limits
– Blind spot warning – intersections
– Lane change

V2V: Vehicle-to-Vehicle
V2R: Vehicle-to-Roadside (infrastructure)

158

ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• R2V communications
– Roadside equipment sends warning messages
– On board equipment receives these messages
– Driver is made aware well in advance and has more time to react
– Examples
• Road works areas, speed limits, dangerous curves, intersections

159

ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• V2V communications
– Dedicated vehicles send warning messages to other road users
– On board equipment receives these messages
– Driver is made aware of such events and can react accordingly
– Examples
• Emergency services, traffic checks, dragnet controls

160

ETSI ITS: Automotive Radar
• Anti-Collision radar
– blind spot warning, lane change, obstacles, parking
– EN 302 288 (24 GHz), EN 302 264 (79 GHz)
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
– define desired interval and maximum speed to follow traffic
– vehicle sets corresponding speed automatically
– increase of traffic fluidity, decrease of emissions and fuel
consumption
– EN 301 091 (77 GHz)

161

ETSI ITS: Electronic Fee Collection
• Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)
– 5,8 GHz frequency band mostly used
– Base Standards elaborated by CEN
• EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372
– Specifications for Conformance Testing elaborated by ETSI
• TS 102 486 standards family
• An envisaged component of the European Electronic
Toll Service (EETS)
• Alternative deployments possible, e.g.
– fees for ferries and tunnels
– parking fees
• Unique ID required
– service provider approach

162

ETSI ITS: Road Transport
Traffic Management
• Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
– Navigation
– Traffic conditions
• avoiding congestions
• finding alternative routes
– Road conditions
• ice warnings
• floods
• Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI)
– RDS-TMC (Traffic Management Channel) for FM broadcast
– Transport Protocol Experts Group (TPEG) for DAB/DMB/DVB
• Future complementary deployments
– Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. congestion messages delivered to broadcasters
– Roadside-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. ice sensors on bridges

163

Railways & aeronautics
• Railways • Air-to-Air & Air-to-
– European Rail Traffic Ground
Management System communications &
(ERTMS) Navigation Systems
• GSM-R
• European Train Control
• Single European Sky
System (ETCS) – Moving Air Traffic Ctrl
Regulation to the European
– GSM-R Level
• Dedicated &
harmonized frequency • GSM & RLAN
band for Railways onboard
– LBS
– Passenger information

164

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