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Systems of extension in india

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RajinderKaurKalra

The document summarizes four major extension systems in India: 1) The first line extension system established by ICAR in 1971. 2) Extension systems run by the Ministry of Agriculture and state departments. 3) Systems run by the Ministry of Rural Development and state departments. 4) Development work by voluntary organizations. It then provides details on four major transfer of technology projects under the first line extension system: the All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations, Operational Research Project, Krishi Vigyan Kendra program, and Lab to Land Project. Krishi Vigyan Kendras were established in 1974 as grassroots institutions for training farmers and disseminating agricultural technologies.

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Systems of Extension in India Dr. Rajinder Kaur Kalra Professor and Head (Rtd.) Department of Extension Education PAU
Introduction Four major organizational streams 1. The first line extension system 2. Extension system of the Ministry of Agriculture and the state Departments of agriculture 3. Extension Systems of the Ministry of Rural Development and the state Development Departments 4. Development work by the voluntary organizations
First-Line Extension System • ICAR established a section of Extension Education at its headquarter in 1971 • Later on strengthened and renamed as Division of Agricultural Extension • To enforce functional relationship down the line in the research, Education and Extension
TOT Projects of the ICAR • Four main Transfer of Technology Projects of the ICAR  All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations (AICPND)  Operational Research Project (ORP)  Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)  Lab to Land Project (LLP)
All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations (AICPND) National Demonstrations (ND) on major food crops was launched in 1964 • Rationale  Unless the scientists could demonstrate what they advocated, their advice might not be heeded by the farmers
Conti…. • Four major aspects 1. Specific yield target and no separate control plot near the demonstration 2. Area of the demonstration plot was about one hectare 3. The farmers in whose plots the demonstrations were laid out were the actual cultivators with small holdings 4. The agricultural scientists conducted these demonstrations in association with local extension agencies
Objectives • To demonstrate convincingly to farmers and extension workers and encourage them to adopt/popularize these technologies for accelerating the production. • To fully exploit these demonstrations for the purpose of training farmers and field extension workers • To provide the research workers a first hand knowledge of the problems • To determine the income and employment generation potentialities • To influence extension system (state departments of agriculture, voluntary organizations etc.)
Operational Research Project (ORP) • The ORP was launched in 1975 by the ICAR.  Aim 1. ORP was to demonstrate the technologies to the farmers and the extension workers on a watershed basis to evoke community action and participation. 2. socio-economic development of farmers with an integrated approach 3. Improving health hygiene and nutrition etc. by utilizing local available resources.
Conceptual framework • To demonstrating the impact of new technologies on a large scale involving a whole village • To involve inter institutional and interdisciplinary approach • Consider two kind of problems 1. The common agricultural problems 2. Total resource development
Objectives 1. To test, adopt and demonstrate the new agricultural technologies in farmer's field in a cluster 2. To calculate profitability of the new technology 3. To identify socio-economic constraints affecting transfer of new technologies 4. To demonstrate group action
Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) • KVK’s are grass root level institutions designed • to impart need based, • skill-oriented, • short and long term vocational training to farmers, extension workers and to male, female, rich/poor, illiterate, literate farmers. • Who intend to go for self employment. Learning is provided through work experience. Learning is provided to work experience.
Conti… • KVK, is an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS), • Aims at assessment of location specific technology modules in agriculture and allied enterprises • KVKs have been functioning as Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technology • linking the NARS with extension system and farmers.
History • The first KVK was established in 1974 in Pondicherry under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Since then, KVKs have been established in all states, and the number continues to grow. • As of January 2020, there were approximately 721 KVKs throughout India
Design of KVK
Objectives • To organize on and off campus training programmes for farmers, rural women, youth, and officers of the Department of Agriculture • To organize short and long term vocational training courses • To arrange front-line demonstrations and on-farm trials at farmer’s fields
Mandates • On-farm testing to identify the location specificity of agricultural technologies under various farming systems. • Frontline demonstrations to establish its production potentials on the farmers’ fields. • Training of farmers to update their knowledge and skills.
Conti… • To work as resource and knowledge centre of agricultural technology for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the agricultural economy of the district. • To conduct large number of extension activities in order to create awareness about improved technology.
Lab to Land Programme • The Lab to Land Programme (LLP) was launched by the ICAR in 1979 as a part of its Golden Jubilee celebration. • Overall objective of the programme was to improve the economic condition of the small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, by transfer of improved technology developed by the agricultural universities research institutes etc
Objectives • Study and understand the background and resources of the selected farmers and landless agricultural labourers. • Assist the farmers to develop feasible farm plans keeping in view the availability of technologies, needs and resources of the farmers • Guide and help the farmers in adopting improved technologies
• Organize training programmes and other extension activities • Make the farmers aware of the various opportunities and agencies • Develop functional relations and linkages with the scientists and institutions for future guidance • Utilize this project as a feedback mechanism for the agricultural scientists and extension functionaries
Reorganized KVK System • All first line transfer of technology projects of the ICAR viz. ND, ORP and LLP have been integrated with the KVK from 1st April, 1992 • Major mandates of KVK are: • Training programme • Frontline demonstrations • On-farm testing
Thank You

More Related Content

Systems of extension in india

  • 1. Systems of Extension in India Dr. Rajinder Kaur Kalra Professor and Head (Rtd.) Department of Extension Education PAU
  • 2. Introduction Four major organizational streams 1. The first line extension system 2. Extension system of the Ministry of Agriculture and the state Departments of agriculture 3. Extension Systems of the Ministry of Rural Development and the state Development Departments 4. Development work by the voluntary organizations
  • 3. First-Line Extension System • ICAR established a section of Extension Education at its headquarter in 1971 • Later on strengthened and renamed as Division of Agricultural Extension • To enforce functional relationship down the line in the research, Education and Extension
  • 4. TOT Projects of the ICAR • Four main Transfer of Technology Projects of the ICAR  All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations (AICPND)  Operational Research Project (ORP)  Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)  Lab to Land Project (LLP)
  • 5. All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstrations (AICPND) National Demonstrations (ND) on major food crops was launched in 1964 • Rationale  Unless the scientists could demonstrate what they advocated, their advice might not be heeded by the farmers
  • 6. Conti…. • Four major aspects 1. Specific yield target and no separate control plot near the demonstration 2. Area of the demonstration plot was about one hectare 3. The farmers in whose plots the demonstrations were laid out were the actual cultivators with small holdings 4. The agricultural scientists conducted these demonstrations in association with local extension agencies
  • 7. Objectives • To demonstrate convincingly to farmers and extension workers and encourage them to adopt/popularize these technologies for accelerating the production. • To fully exploit these demonstrations for the purpose of training farmers and field extension workers • To provide the research workers a first hand knowledge of the problems • To determine the income and employment generation potentialities • To influence extension system (state departments of agriculture, voluntary organizations etc.)
  • 8. Operational Research Project (ORP) • The ORP was launched in 1975 by the ICAR.  Aim 1. ORP was to demonstrate the technologies to the farmers and the extension workers on a watershed basis to evoke community action and participation. 2. socio-economic development of farmers with an integrated approach 3. Improving health hygiene and nutrition etc. by utilizing local available resources.
  • 9. Conceptual framework • To demonstrating the impact of new technologies on a large scale involving a whole village • To involve inter institutional and interdisciplinary approach • Consider two kind of problems 1. The common agricultural problems 2. Total resource development
  • 10. Objectives 1. To test, adopt and demonstrate the new agricultural technologies in farmer's field in a cluster 2. To calculate profitability of the new technology 3. To identify socio-economic constraints affecting transfer of new technologies 4. To demonstrate group action
  • 11. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) • KVK’s are grass root level institutions designed • to impart need based, • skill-oriented, • short and long term vocational training to farmers, extension workers and to male, female, rich/poor, illiterate, literate farmers. • Who intend to go for self employment. Learning is provided through work experience. Learning is provided to work experience.
  • 12. Conti… • KVK, is an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS), • Aims at assessment of location specific technology modules in agriculture and allied enterprises • KVKs have been functioning as Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technology • linking the NARS with extension system and farmers.
  • 13. History • The first KVK was established in 1974 in Pondicherry under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Since then, KVKs have been established in all states, and the number continues to grow. • As of January 2020, there were approximately 721 KVKs throughout India
  • 15. Objectives • To organize on and off campus training programmes for farmers, rural women, youth, and officers of the Department of Agriculture • To organize short and long term vocational training courses • To arrange front-line demonstrations and on-farm trials at farmer’s fields
  • 16. Mandates • On-farm testing to identify the location specificity of agricultural technologies under various farming systems. • Frontline demonstrations to establish its production potentials on the farmers’ fields. • Training of farmers to update their knowledge and skills.
  • 17. Conti… • To work as resource and knowledge centre of agricultural technology for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the agricultural economy of the district. • To conduct large number of extension activities in order to create awareness about improved technology.
  • 18. Lab to Land Programme • The Lab to Land Programme (LLP) was launched by the ICAR in 1979 as a part of its Golden Jubilee celebration. • Overall objective of the programme was to improve the economic condition of the small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, by transfer of improved technology developed by the agricultural universities research institutes etc
  • 19. Objectives • Study and understand the background and resources of the selected farmers and landless agricultural labourers. • Assist the farmers to develop feasible farm plans keeping in view the availability of technologies, needs and resources of the farmers • Guide and help the farmers in adopting improved technologies
  • 20. • Organize training programmes and other extension activities • Make the farmers aware of the various opportunities and agencies • Develop functional relations and linkages with the scientists and institutions for future guidance • Utilize this project as a feedback mechanism for the agricultural scientists and extension functionaries
  • 21. Reorganized KVK System • All first line transfer of technology projects of the ICAR viz. ND, ORP and LLP have been integrated with the KVK from 1st April, 1992 • Major mandates of KVK are: • Training programme • Frontline demonstrations • On-farm testing