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Tackling global food security

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A short presentation to accompany a lesson on global food and water security. Blog post with more information about the lesson can be found on eternalexploration.wordpress.com

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Tackling Global Food Security

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What is food security?  More than just ensuring there will be food to eat tomorrow.  Food security includes:  Availability - is there enough for everyone?  Access – can it be reached efficiently?  Affordability: can it bought at a price that is reasonable?  Quality: is it edible?  Nutrition: is the food part of a balanced diet?  Safety: could the food harm health? “When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life”. World Food Summit 1996

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 There is enough food in the world to feed everyone adequately, the problem is its distribution.

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 Food security is built on three pillars:  Food availability  Food access  Food use Pillars

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Why is food security a problem?  Increasing population  Changing diets  Reduced arable land  Transport costs  Climate change

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So should we just grow more food?  New technologies cannot solve the problem alone.  Political negotiation for some market barriers to be removed.  Technology needs to be introduced at the correct pace.  Need to manage environmental impacts.

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Climate Change and Food Security Bad:  Increased deserts  Increased drought  Increased insects.  Damaged ecosystems. Good:  Increased CO2 will lead to more plants fixing carbon which has the potential to increase yields.  Make some areas more suitable for agriculture. The pace of change is vitally important.

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What future trends affect food security?  Population  The world’s population is predicted to reach 9Bn by 2050, 90% of which will occur in the developing world where water is already scarce.  As a country’s GDP increases, so does its population’s total calorific intake (and taste for meat).  70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050 – compared to 50% now

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What future trends affect food security?  Production and Consumption  Britain is likely to become less self-sufficient in food production. The UK is 73% self-sufficient in indigenous-type foods and 60% self-sufficient in all food – meaning that in 2009 40% of all food is imported  The World Bank estimates that cereal production needs to increase by 50% (from 2.1 to 3 billion tonnes) and meat production by 85% (to reach 470M tonnes) between 2000 and 2030 to meet demand

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What future trends affect food  Investment security?  Increase in total average annual net investment in developing country agriculture required to deliver the necessary production increases amounts to $82 billion.  Many countries will continue to rely on international trade to ensure their food security. It is estimated that by 2050 developing countries’ net imports of cereals will more than double from 135M tonnes in 2008/09 to 300M tonnes by 2050

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What future trends affect food security?  Environment  The negative impact of climate change on agricultural impact in Africa could be 15-30% up to 2080- 2100.  Biofuel production using agricultural commodities will continue to increase. Biofuel production based on agricultural commodities increased more than threefold from 2000-08

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What future trends affect food security?  Water  ¾ world’s water consumption is used for irrigation and agriculture.  UN predicts irrigation demands will increase 50-100% by 2025.  Political disagreements over water may lead to military conflicts – 145 countries share lakes and river basins.  Mekong Delta (China plans 8 dams that will divert water from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam  Zambesi basin supports 32M people across 8 countries. The population is growing, but precipitation is expected to decrease 15% by 2050

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On the global agenda “Approximately 842m people today are estimated to be experiencing chronic hunger, down from 868m a year ago—an almost 3% decline.” Top 5 Bottom 5 Rank Country Score Rank Country Score 1 United States 89.3 105 Burundi 28.8 2 Austria 85.5 106 Togo 28.4 3 Netherlands 84.4 107 Madagascar 27.7 4 Norway 84.4 108 Chad 25.5 5 Singapore 84.3 109 Congo (Dem. Rep) 24.8

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On the global agenda “The hunger target of the Millennium Development Goal 1c (MDG 1c) – of halving the proportion of undernourished people in developing countries by 2015 – is within reach.” “Hunger reduction requires an integrated approach, which would include: public and private investments to raise agricultural productivity; better access to inputs, land, services, technologies and markets; measures to promote rural development; social protection for the most vulnerable, including strengthening their resilience to conflicts and natural disasters; and specific nutrition programmes, especially to address micronutrient deficiencies in mothers and children under five.”

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On the global agenda We can feed the world but only if :  Tackle the interconnected challenges the world faces: food price increases, chronic hunger, a growing population and climate change.  Accept that agricultural development is the best route to achieving sustainable economic growth in developing countries  Aim to achieve an agriculture that is highly productive, stable, resilient and equitable. The four routes to achieving a food secure world are:  Innovation, including a wide variety of technologies, where appropriate  Markets, that are fair and efficient  People, who are central to driving and delivering agricultural development  Political leadership

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 In your team:  You need to find as many strategies for addressing food security as possible.  This could be suggestions for a change at the global scale to a small scale farming project in a village.  The aim is to try and identify strategies for each continent at different spatial scales.  For each strategy you must state where you found the information.  You have 30 minutes. Task

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Tackling global food security

  • 2. What is food security?  More than just ensuring there will be food to eat tomorrow.  Food security includes:  Availability - is there enough for everyone?  Access – can it be reached efficiently?  Affordability: can it bought at a price that is reasonable?  Quality: is it edible?  Nutrition: is the food part of a balanced diet?  Safety: could the food harm health? “When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life”. World Food Summit 1996
  • 3.  There is enough food in the world to feed everyone adequately, the problem is its distribution.
  • 4.  Food security is built on three pillars:  Food availability  Food access  Food use Pillars
  • 5. Why is food security a problem?  Increasing population  Changing diets  Reduced arable land  Transport costs  Climate change
  • 6. So should we just grow more food?  New technologies cannot solve the problem alone.  Political negotiation for some market barriers to be removed.  Technology needs to be introduced at the correct pace.  Need to manage environmental impacts.
  • 7. Climate Change and Food Security Bad:  Increased deserts  Increased drought  Increased insects.  Damaged ecosystems. Good:  Increased CO2 will lead to more plants fixing carbon which has the potential to increase yields.  Make some areas more suitable for agriculture. The pace of change is vitally important.
  • 8. What future trends affect food security?  Population  The world’s population is predicted to reach 9Bn by 2050, 90% of which will occur in the developing world where water is already scarce.  As a country’s GDP increases, so does its population’s total calorific intake (and taste for meat).  70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050 – compared to 50% now
  • 9. What future trends affect food security?  Production and Consumption  Britain is likely to become less self-sufficient in food production. The UK is 73% self-sufficient in indigenous-type foods and 60% self-sufficient in all food – meaning that in 2009 40% of all food is imported  The World Bank estimates that cereal production needs to increase by 50% (from 2.1 to 3 billion tonnes) and meat production by 85% (to reach 470M tonnes) between 2000 and 2030 to meet demand
  • 10. What future trends affect food  Investment security?  Increase in total average annual net investment in developing country agriculture required to deliver the necessary production increases amounts to $82 billion.  Many countries will continue to rely on international trade to ensure their food security. It is estimated that by 2050 developing countries’ net imports of cereals will more than double from 135M tonnes in 2008/09 to 300M tonnes by 2050
  • 11. What future trends affect food security?  Environment  The negative impact of climate change on agricultural impact in Africa could be 15-30% up to 2080- 2100.  Biofuel production using agricultural commodities will continue to increase. Biofuel production based on agricultural commodities increased more than threefold from 2000-08
  • 12. What future trends affect food security?  Water  ¾ world’s water consumption is used for irrigation and agriculture.  UN predicts irrigation demands will increase 50-100% by 2025.  Political disagreements over water may lead to military conflicts – 145 countries share lakes and river basins.  Mekong Delta (China plans 8 dams that will divert water from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam  Zambesi basin supports 32M people across 8 countries. The population is growing, but precipitation is expected to decrease 15% by 2050
  • 13. On the global agenda “Approximately 842m people today are estimated to be experiencing chronic hunger, down from 868m a year ago—an almost 3% decline.” Top 5 Bottom 5 Rank Country Score Rank Country Score 1 United States 89.3 105 Burundi 28.8 2 Austria 85.5 106 Togo 28.4 3 Netherlands 84.4 107 Madagascar 27.7 4 Norway 84.4 108 Chad 25.5 5 Singapore 84.3 109 Congo (Dem. Rep) 24.8
  • 14. On the global agenda “The hunger target of the Millennium Development Goal 1c (MDG 1c) – of halving the proportion of undernourished people in developing countries by 2015 – is within reach.” “Hunger reduction requires an integrated approach, which would include: public and private investments to raise agricultural productivity; better access to inputs, land, services, technologies and markets; measures to promote rural development; social protection for the most vulnerable, including strengthening their resilience to conflicts and natural disasters; and specific nutrition programmes, especially to address micronutrient deficiencies in mothers and children under five.”
  • 15. On the global agenda We can feed the world but only if :  Tackle the interconnected challenges the world faces: food price increases, chronic hunger, a growing population and climate change.  Accept that agricultural development is the best route to achieving sustainable economic growth in developing countries  Aim to achieve an agriculture that is highly productive, stable, resilient and equitable. The four routes to achieving a food secure world are:  Innovation, including a wide variety of technologies, where appropriate  Markets, that are fair and efficient  People, who are central to driving and delivering agricultural development  Political leadership
  • 16.  In your team:  You need to find as many strategies for addressing food security as possible.  This could be suggestions for a change at the global scale to a small scale farming project in a village.  The aim is to try and identify strategies for each continent at different spatial scales.  For each strategy you must state where you found the information.  You have 30 minutes. Task