1. The document discusses various cellular network technologies including 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE. It explains key aspects like frequency bands, speeds, and whether voice and data are carried on separate networks.
2. The concepts of signal strength, quality, and handovers between sectors and sites are introduced. Good signal strength is defined as above -70dBm while good quality means a clean signal.
3. Different types of drive testing are described including site shakedowns to test a single location and cluster drives to evaluate multiple neighboring sites along pre-defined routes simultaneously.
3. 3
Sector in Cell
sites
o Each Site is divided into sectors
o Usually 3 sectors of 120 degree
o Azimuth - It is the range covered by each sector , typically 120 degree
for each sector
Sector 1Sector 2Sector 3
azimuth
7. 7
Signal travels in the
form of
Electromagnetic Wave
or Frequency
Spectrum and Frequency
8. 8
GSM 3G LTE
Make sure that the Band is correctly
configured
Band Configurations
9. 9
GSM
o Single Network for Both Voice and Data
o Edge gives the data components
o With GSM the speed was 9.6 Kbps
o With Edge the speed goes to max 384 kbps
o Practical Achievable speed is 120 Kbps
Core Network
10. 10
UMTS (3G)
o Two Separate networks
o One provides Voice
o Another Provides Data
o Without HSPA upgrade the DL Speed is max up to 384 kbps
o With HSPA the DL speed is average speed is up to 2 Mbps and Max is 15
mbps in DL
11. 11
LTE(4G)
o Currently it is a data only network
o Voice will come soon
o The Voice will be on Internet just like your Vonage
o Max Speed is 300 Mbps
o Practical Speed is 10 to 15 Mbps
23. 23
Scanner
UE
Single Scanner for LTE , UMTS
and GSM
Separate Scanner for LTE and
UMTS
Acts independently of the
network
Scanner does not receive any
commands From network
Data Cards
Mobile or Smart Phones
Always receives commands
from Network and acts
accordingly
Talks to the Network and tells
it what is happening and then
executes what network
Decides
24. 24
-50 dBm -60 dBm -70 dBm
-50 dBm -110 dBm
Away from the site
SIGNAL STRENGTH
HOW STRONG THE SIGNAL IS
29. 29
Good RF Condition
GOOD RF CONDITIONS ARE DEFINED BY GOOD SIGNAL
STRENGTH AND GOOD QUALITY
GSM
RSSI > -70dB
UMTS
RSCP > -70dB
Ec/Io > -7dB
LTE
RSRP > -70dB
SNR > 15dB
32. 32
1 2 4
HANDOVER BETWEEN
SECTORS OF THE SAME
SITE THIS IS CALLED
INTRA SITE HANDOVER
3
33. 33
1
2 3 4
HANDOVER BETWEEN
SECTORS OF THE DIFFERENT
SITE THIS IS CALLED
INTER SITE HANDOVER
34. 34
Types of Drive Testing
o Site Shakedown
Single site based Drive and testing along the provided route
Coverage footprint
Each sector in the site is tested for throughput for uplink and downlink
frequencies
Hand overs intra/Inter Sites.
I-Rat Handovers
o Cluster Drive
Multiple sites belonging to same location combined as cluster
Provided drive routes that are supposed to be followed while driving and
testing the network
Additional tools used here would be MapInfo and Street Atlas
Precautions to be taken:
We need to ensure that the GPS is working
Verify if the phone is locked for UMTS or LTE(follow market guidelines)