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The free lunch is over

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Muhammad Rizwan
Muhammad Rizwan

The document discusses how Moore's Law is no longer enabling faster processors solely through increased clock speeds due to power constraints. It argues this means the "free lunch" of improved performance via new hardware is over. Software must now be optimized for concurrency and parallelism across multiple cores to continue benefiting from exponential gains in processing power. The future of computing relies on programming models and languages that can efficiently utilize all available cores and handle concurrency well.

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The Free Lunch Is Over
The Free Lunch Is Over A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software (By Herb Sutter)
Presenter Muhammad Rizwan Sr. Software Engineer muhammad.rizwan@techlogix.xom +92 51 111 859 859 Ext 108
Agenda • Moore's Law • Amdahl's law • Performance Factors • Free Lunch • Power Wall • Free Lunch is Over • Conclusion • Future • References
Moors Law
Moor’s Law • Over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years Transistor Count If the current trend continues to 2020, the number of transistors would reach 32 billion.
Amdahl's law
Amdahl's law The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program. For example, if 95% of the program can be parallelized, the theoretical maximum speedup using parallel computing would be 20× as shown in the diagram, no matter how many processors are used
Performance Factors
Performance Factors Clock Speed Execution Optimization Cache
Free Lunch What Free Lunch Is Actually?
Free Lunch Programmers haven't really had to worry much about performance or concurrency because of Moore's Law The traditional approach to application performance was to simply wait for the next generation of processor; most software developers did not need to invest in performance tuning, and enjoyed a “free lunch” from hardware improvements. Why we did not see 4GHz processors in Market?
Power Wall
Power Wall
The free lunch is over
Power Wall
Power Wall This Free Lunch is Over Right Now…
Free Lunch is Over Your free lunch will soon be over. What can you do about it? What are you doing about it?
The major processor manufacturers and architectures, from Intel and AMD to Sparc and PowerPC, have run out of room with most of their traditional approaches to boosting CPU performance. Instead of driving clock speeds and straight-line instruction throughput ever higher, they are instead turning toward hyper threading and multicore architectures Chip designers are under so much pressure to deliver ever-faster CPUs that they’ll risk changing the meaning of your program, and possibly break it, in order to make it run faster
Conclusion
 The free lunch is over  Performance Free Lunch  Moore’s law has changed Futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, Bruce Sterling, and Vernor Vinge believe that the exponential improvement described by Moore's law will ultimately lead to a technological singularity: a period where progress in technology occurs almost instantly.  Amdahl’s law demands shift in software concepts  Factors  Hyper threading  Multicore  Cache
Future
The free lunch is over
The free lunch is over
The free lunch is over
Now ball is in programmers court
-> With multicore processors, programs written in sequential mode will no longer surf on the wave of this generation processors. ->To surf in new wave, programs need to be well writtenparallel. -> Programming language and systemwill increasingly be forced to deal well with concurrency. -> Concurrency is the next major revolution in how we write software. ->Applications will increasingly need to be concurrent if they want to fully exploit continuing exponential CPU throughput gains. -> Efficiency and performanceoptimization will get more, not less, important.
New Law Only Parallel Applications Will Survive
References
References The Free Lunch Is Over By Herb Sutter A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software The Free Lunch Is Over By Ricardo Hermann , Thadeo Carmo Developing Concurrent Software Is the free lunch really over? Scalability in Many-core Systems By Michael Wrinn The Price of Free Lunch Programming in Multicore Era
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The free lunch is over

  • 1. The Free Lunch Is Over
  • 2. The Free Lunch Is Over A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software (By Herb Sutter)
  • 3. Presenter Muhammad Rizwan Sr. Software Engineer muhammad.rizwan@techlogix.xom +92 51 111 859 859 Ext 108
  • 4. Agenda • Moore's Law • Amdahl's law • Performance Factors • Free Lunch • Power Wall • Free Lunch is Over • Conclusion • Future • References
  • 6. Moor’s Law • Over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years Transistor Count If the current trend continues to 2020, the number of transistors would reach 32 billion.
  • 8. Amdahl's law The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program. For example, if 95% of the program can be parallelized, the theoretical maximum speedup using parallel computing would be 20× as shown in the diagram, no matter how many processors are used
  • 11. Free Lunch What Free Lunch Is Actually?
  • 12. Free Lunch Programmers haven't really had to worry much about performance or concurrency because of Moore's Law The traditional approach to application performance was to simply wait for the next generation of processor; most software developers did not need to invest in performance tuning, and enjoyed a “free lunch” from hardware improvements. Why we did not see 4GHz processors in Market?
  • 17. Power Wall This Free Lunch is Over Right Now…
  • 18. Free Lunch is Over Your free lunch will soon be over. What can you do about it? What are you doing about it?
  • 19. The major processor manufacturers and architectures, from Intel and AMD to Sparc and PowerPC, have run out of room with most of their traditional approaches to boosting CPU performance. Instead of driving clock speeds and straight-line instruction throughput ever higher, they are instead turning toward hyper threading and multicore architectures Chip designers are under so much pressure to deliver ever-faster CPUs that they’ll risk changing the meaning of your program, and possibly break it, in order to make it run faster
  • 21.  The free lunch is over  Performance Free Lunch  Moore’s law has changed Futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, Bruce Sterling, and Vernor Vinge believe that the exponential improvement described by Moore's law will ultimately lead to a technological singularity: a period where progress in technology occurs almost instantly.  Amdahl’s law demands shift in software concepts  Factors  Hyper threading  Multicore  Cache
  • 26. Now ball is in programmers court
  • 27. -> With multicore processors, programs written in sequential mode will no longer surf on the wave of this generation processors. ->To surf in new wave, programs need to be well writtenparallel. -> Programming language and systemwill increasingly be forced to deal well with concurrency. -> Concurrency is the next major revolution in how we write software. ->Applications will increasingly need to be concurrent if they want to fully exploit continuing exponential CPU throughput gains. -> Efficiency and performanceoptimization will get more, not less, important.
  • 28. New Law Only Parallel Applications Will Survive
  • 30. References The Free Lunch Is Over By Herb Sutter A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software The Free Lunch Is Over By Ricardo Hermann , Thadeo Carmo Developing Concurrent Software Is the free lunch really over? Scalability in Many-core Systems By Michael Wrinn The Price of Free Lunch Programming in Multicore Era