This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and how they are enabled through Creative Commons (CC) licensing. It defines OER as teaching materials like textbooks, videos, etc. that are both freely accessible and allow users to engage in the "5R activities" of reuse, revise, remix, retain, and redistribute. The document outlines how CC licenses work within existing copyright law to lower transaction costs by pre-granting certain permissions. It notes that over 500 million educational resources now use CC licenses, providing free and open sharing of ideas and knowledge on a massive, unprecedented scale.
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More Related Content
The Power of Open Educational Resources
1. The
Power
of
Open
Educa2onal
Resources
David
Wiley,
PhD
Chief
Academic
Officer,
Lumen
Learning
Scholar
in
Residence,
University
of
Utah
9. “Open”
–
Late
00s
Evolved
into
a
much
more
nuanced,
specific
meaning
10. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
Any
kind
of
teaching
materials
–
textbooks,
syllabi,
lesson
plans,
videos,
readings,
exams
11. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
1.
Free
and
unfeGered
access,
and
2.
Free
permission
to
engage
in
the
“5R
ac2vi2es”
12. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs
25. Ideas
are
Magical
(Non-‐rival)
Can
be
given
without
being
given
away
26. “He
who
receives
ideas
from
me,
receives
instruc2on
himself
without
lessening
mine;
as
he
who
lights
his
taper
at
mine
receives
light
without
darkening
me.”
Thomas
Jefferson
36. Features of copyright today
• aGaches
any2me
“original
work
of
authorship
fixed
in
tangible
medium
of
expression”
• is
automa2c
• applies
to
published/unpublished
works
• lasts
a
long
2me
(typically
life
of
author
+
50
or
70
years)
• “bundle
of
rights”
=
reproduce,
deriva2ve
works,
distribute,
public
performance
37. Features of copyright today
• copyright
infringement
expensive
(in
U.S.
$750-‐$150,000/work)
• public
domain
=
not
protected
by
copyright
• copyright
=
“all
rights
reserved”;
public
domain
=
“no
rights
reserved”
• you
have
to
ask
permission
44. How do CC licenses work?
• built
on
tradi2onal
copyright
law
• works
within
exis2ng
system
by
allowing
movement
from
“all
rights
reserved”
to
“some
rights
reserved”
• gives
creators
a
choice
about
which
freedoms
to
grant
and
which
rights
to
keep
• minimizes
transac2on
costs
by
gran2ng
the
public
certain
permissions
beforehand
48. CC0 Public Domain Dedication
• read
“CC
Zero”
• universal
waiver,
permanently
surrenders
copyright
and
related
rights,
placing
the
work
as
nearly
as
possible
into
the
worldwide
public
domain
49. Public Domain Mark
• not
legally
opera2ve,
but
a
label
to
be
used
by
those
with
knowledge
that
a
work
is
already
in
the
public
domain
• useful
for
very
old
works
where
we
know
it
is
in
the
public
domain
• only
intended
for
use
with
works
in
worldwide
public
domain
53. Over
500M
OER!
Over
half
a
billion
pieces
of
content
use
Crea2ve
Commons
licenses
55. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
Any
kind
of
teaching
materials
–
textbooks,
syllabi,
lesson
plans,
videos,
readings,
exams
56. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
1.
Free
and
unfeGered
access,
and
2.
Free
permission
to
engage
in
the
“5R
ac2vi2es”
57. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs
58. Open
=
Use
a
CC
License
The
de
facto
way
to
make
something
OER
59. Internet
Enables
OER
Allows
Leveraging
the
full
technical
capability
of
the
internet
60. Decreasing
Cost
and
Increasing
Learning
Prac2cal
benefits
of
OER
64. Tui2on
Is
Very
Poli2cal
Textbook
adop2ons
are
less
poli2cal
70. Phase
1
Results
Covered
11
GE
courses
and
9,000
students
Dropped
required
textbook
cost
to
$0
Increased
success
rate
by
~
10%
71. Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842
72. Phase
2
Now
Underway
Cover
35
GE
courses
28
Ins2tu2onal
partners
74. Open
Course
Frameworks
• Start
from
learning
outcomes,
• curated
collec2ons
of
OER,
• openly
licensed
with
detailed
aGribu2on,
• organized
in
a
way
that
looks
and
feels
like
an
online
course,
• intended
to
be
modified
before
use,
• compa2ble
with
our
con2nuous
improvement
analy2cs
service.
89. Closed
⇒
Open
Research
(Ar2cles,
Journals)
Data
(Government,
Weather,
GIS)
Content
(Open
Educa2onal
Resources)
90. Then
vs
Now
Analog
⇒
Digital
Tethered
⇒
Mobile
Concealing
⇒
Sharing
Isolated
⇒
Connected
Generic
⇒
Personal
Consuming
⇒
Crea2ng
Closed
⇒
Open
91. Educa2on
vs
Everyday
Analog
⇒
Digital
Tethered
⇒
Mobile
Concealing
⇒
Sharing
Isolated
⇒
Connected
Generic
⇒
Personal
Consuming
⇒
Crea2ng
Closed
⇒
Open
97. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open
99. MOOCs
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing(?)
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open
100. “You
may
not
take
any
Online
Course
offered
by
Coursera
or
use
any
Statement
of
Accomplishment
as
part
of
any
tui2on-‐based
or
for-‐
credit
cer2fica2on
or
program
for
any
college,
university,
or
other
academic
ins2tu2on
without
the
express
wriGen
permission
from
Coursera.”
102. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs
103. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open
104. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open
107. Crea2ng
and
Sharing
It’s
“hard”
to
make
and
share
things
when
you’re
constantly
worried
about
being
sued
108. When
You
Can
Assume
“Open”
These
problems
disappear
109. OER-‐based
Courses
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea:ng
Closed
or
Open
113. Content
Affordability
Provider
Cost
Ne?lix
–
20,000
Movies
(and
TV)
$7.99
/
month
Hulu
Plus
–
45,000
TV
(and
Movies)
$7.99
/
month
Spo:fy
–
15M
Songs
$9.99
/
month
CourseSmart
–
1
Biology
Textbook
$20.25
/
month
114. Content
Affordability
Provider
Cost
Ne?lix
–
20,000
Movies
(and
TV)
$7.99
/
month
Hulu
Plus
–
45,000
TV
(and
Movies)
$7.99
/
month
Spo:fy
–
15M
Songs
$9.99
/
month
CourseSmart
–
1
Biology
Textbook
$20.25
/
month
OpenStax
–
1
Open
Bio
Textbook
$0.00
/
month
115. Impacts
of
Open
on:
Pedagogy
Assessment
Tenure
and
Promo2on
Research
Scholarship
Business
Model
116. Organizing
and
Transforming
(0.85)
“Overt
or
covert
rearrangement
of
instruc2onal
materials
to
improve
learning.
(e.g.,
making
an
outline
before
wri2ng
a
paper)....
The
types
of
strategies
included
in
this
category
(such
as
summarizing
and
paraphrasing)
promote
a
more
ac3ve
approach
to
learning
tasks.”
Ha}e,
p.
190-‐191
hGp://pm4id.org/
123. Faculty
Feedback
“I
wish
I
had
this
for
every
class
I
teach,
for
every
module!
The
feedback
and
recommenda2ons
are
posi2ve,
specific
and
are
changes
that
I
can
implement
quickly
with
minimal
effort
on
my
part.”