The Power of Open Educational Resources
- 1. The Power of Open Educa2onal Resources David Wiley, PhD Chief Academic Officer, Lumen Learning Scholar in Residence, University of Utah
- 3. Nice and Open Meanings maGer
- 4. “Nice” -‐ late 13c. "foolish, stupid"
- 5. “Nice” -‐ late 20c. "kind, thoughRul"
- 6. What If… an educator revived the old meaning?
- 7. “Nice people are certain to fail my course.” Which “nice”? How might the student success conversa2on change?
- 8. “Open” – Early 70s “no admission requirements”
- 9. “Open” – Late 00s Evolved into a much more nuanced, specific meaning
- 10. Open Educa2onal Resources? Any kind of teaching materials – textbooks, syllabi, lesson plans, videos, readings, exams
- 11. Open Educa2onal Resources? 1. Free and unfeGered access, and 2. Free permission to engage in the “5R ac2vi2es”
- 12. • Make and own copies Retain • Use in a wide range of ways Reuse • Adapt, modify, and improve Revise • Combine two or more Remix • Share with others Redistribute The 5Rs
- 13. What If… an educator revived the old meaning?
- 14. “I’m teaching an open online course this fall.” Which “open”? How might the affordability conversa2on change?
- 15. Genuine Confusion Open = free? Open = free + 5Rs
- 16. Why Does It MaGer? Open is extremely powerful “Faux-‐pen” is not
- 17. Educa2on is Sharing Faculty with students Students with teachers
- 18. Faculty Share With Students Knowledge and skills Feedback and cri2cism Encouragement
- 19. Students Share With Faculty Ques2ons in Class Assignments Exams
- 20. Successful Educators Share most compeltely with the most students
- 21. 2008 Professor in Southern US Claimed (c) of his class lectures, declared student notes deriva2ve works, and asserted control over their use
- 22. “Demented with the mania of owning things” Walt Whitman
- 23. If there is no sharing… there is no educa2on.
- 24. Interlude: A Riddle What can you give without giving it away?
- 25. Ideas are Magical (Non-‐rival) Can be given without being given away
- 26. “He who receives ideas from me, receives instruc2on himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” Thomas Jefferson
- 27. Physical Expressions Are Not To give a book you must give it away
- 28. Expressions Are Different To give a book you must give it away
- 29. When Expressions Are Digital They also become magical
- 32. Unprecedented Capacity We can share (and educate) as never before
- 33. Except We Can’t © regulates copying, adap2ng, and distribu2ng those copies
- 34. Internet Enables What to do? Copyright Forbids
- 35. Use copyright to enable sharing
- 36. Features of copyright today • aGaches any2me “original work of authorship fixed in tangible medium of expression” • is automa2c • applies to published/unpublished works • lasts a long 2me (typically life of author + 50 or 70 years) • “bundle of rights” = reproduce, deriva2ve works, distribute, public performance
- 37. Features of copyright today • copyright infringement expensive (in U.S. $750-‐$150,000/work) • public domain = not protected by copyright • copyright = “all rights reserved”; public domain = “no rights reserved” • you have to ask permission
- 38. But how to ask permission?
- 39. How to support those that just want to share?
- 40. A simple, standardized, legally robust way to grant copyright permissions to creative works (and data).
- 42. CC’s legal infrastructure: (1) copyright licenses (2) public domain tools
- 43. (1) CC copyright licenses
- 44. How do CC licenses work? • built on tradi2onal copyright law • works within exis2ng system by allowing movement from “all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved” • gives creators a choice about which freedoms to grant and which rights to keep • minimizes transac2on costs by gran2ng the public certain permissions beforehand
- 45. Step 1: Choose Conditions" Attribution" ShareAlike" NonCommercial" NoDerivatives"
- 46. Step 2: Receive a License"
- 47. (2) CC public domain tools
- 48. CC0 Public Domain Dedication • read “CC Zero” • universal waiver, permanently surrenders copyright and related rights, placing the work as nearly as possible into the worldwide public domain
- 49. Public Domain Mark • not legally opera2ve, but a label to be used by those with knowledge that a work is already in the public domain • useful for very old works where we know it is in the public domain • only intended for use with works in worldwide public domain
- 53. Over 500M OER! Over half a billion pieces of content use Crea2ve Commons licenses
- 55. Open Educa2onal Resources? Any kind of teaching materials – textbooks, syllabi, lesson plans, videos, readings, exams
- 56. Open Educa2onal Resources? 1. Free and unfeGered access, and 2. Free permission to engage in the “5R ac2vi2es”
- 57. • Make and own copies Retain • Use in a wide range of ways Reuse • Adapt, modify, and improve Revise • Combine two or more Remix • Share with others Redistribute The 5Rs
- 58. Open = Use a CC License The de facto way to make something OER
- 59. Internet Enables OER Allows Leveraging the full technical capability of the internet
- 60. Decreasing Cost and Increasing Learning Prac2cal benefits of OER
- 64. Tui2on Is Very Poli2cal Textbook adop2ons are less poli2cal
- 65. Textbook Costs $1229 year ($3131 tui2on) 60% some2mes skip 23% regularly skip
- 66. “Displacing Adop2ons” Make the required textbook cost $0
- 67. Kaleidoscope Open Course Ini2a2ve NGLC / Gates funding 8 community colleges / OA colleges
- 68. Core Ac2vi2es Defining and aggrega2ng outcomes Finding and aligning OERs to outcomes Crea2ng 100% OER textbook replacements
- 69. X-‐Ins2tu2onal Collabora2on Goals Cover 10 GE courses and 4,000 students Drop required textbook cost by 50%
- 70. Phase 1 Results Covered 11 GE courses and 9,000 students Dropped required textbook cost to $0 Increased success rate by ~ 10%
- 71. Developmental Math Results" Percentage passing with C or better 48.40% 60.18% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% Spring 2011 No OER Spring 2013 All OER n=2,842
- 72. Phase 2 Now Underway Cover 35 GE courses 28 Ins2tu2onal partners
- 73. Open Course Frameworks Making OER Simple to Adopt
- 74. Open Course Frameworks • Start from learning outcomes, • curated collec2ons of OER, • openly licensed with detailed aGribu2on, • organized in a way that looks and feels like an online course, • intended to be modified before use, • compa2ble with our con2nuous improvement analy2cs service.
- 75. Open Course Frameworks Making OER Simple to Adopt
- 76. Open Course Frameworks Making OER Simple to Adopt
- 77. Open Course Frameworks Making OER Simple to Adopt
- 78. Open Course Frameworks Making OER Simple to Adopt
- 80. “Textbook Zero” En2re degree program based on OER Up to 30% off the cost to graduate
- 81. “Textbook Zero” Opened Fall 2013 at Tidewater CC Finalist for Bellwether Innova2on Award Cost $112k to launch Each graduate saves ~ $3000
- 82. The Daily Divide The difference between OER and Fauxpen
- 83. Analog ⇒ Digital Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers, Movies, Journals, &c.
- 84. Tethered ⇒ Mobile Phones, Internet Access, Employment
- 85. Concealing ⇒ Sharing Photos, Videos, Journal Entries
- 86. Isolated ⇒ Connected People, Content, Systems
- 87. Generic ⇒ Personal Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones
- 88. Consuming ⇒ Crea2ng Newspapers / Blogs Movies & TV / YouTube
- 89. Closed ⇒ Open Research (Ar2cles, Journals) Data (Government, Weather, GIS) Content (Open Educa2onal Resources)
- 90. Then vs Now Analog ⇒ Digital Tethered ⇒ Mobile Concealing ⇒ Sharing Isolated ⇒ Connected Generic ⇒ Personal Consuming ⇒ Crea2ng Closed ⇒ Open
- 91. Educa2on vs Everyday Analog ⇒ Digital Tethered ⇒ Mobile Concealing ⇒ Sharing Isolated ⇒ Connected Generic ⇒ Personal Consuming ⇒ Crea2ng Closed ⇒ Open
- 92. “Daily Divide” (As opposed to the digital divide)
- 93. “Academic” (This is where the common usage derives)
- 94. “Academic” (This is where the common usage derives)
- 95. What About Online Learning?
- 96. What About Online Learning? Very innova2ve in 1994!
- 97. Online Learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Concealing or Sharing Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea2ng Closed or Open
- 99. MOOCs Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Concealing or Sharing(?) Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea2ng Closed or Open
- 100. “You may not take any Online Course offered by Coursera or use any Statement of Accomplishment as part of any tui2on-‐based or for-‐ credit cer2fica2on or program for any college, university, or other academic ins2tu2on without the express wriGen permission from Coursera.”
- 101. Open is Fundamental Why?
- 102. • Make and own copies Retain • Use in a wide range of ways Reuse • Adapt, modify, and improve Revise • Combine two or more Remix • Share with others Redistribute The 5Rs
- 103. Online Learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Concealing or Sharing Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea2ng Closed or Open
- 104. Online Learning Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Concealing or Sharing Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea2ng Closed or Open
- 105. Connec2ng It’s “hard” to connect to something if you don't have access to it
- 106. Personalizing It’s “hard” to personalize something if you don't have permission to modify it
- 107. Crea2ng and Sharing It’s “hard” to make and share things when you’re constantly worried about being sued
- 108. When You Can Assume “Open” These problems disappear
- 109. OER-‐based Courses Analog or Digital Tethered or Mobile Concealing or Sharing Isolated or Connected Generic or Personal Consuming or Crea:ng Closed or Open
- 110. Divide is Growing Apart -‐ Fast Moving both direc2ons at once
- 111. Expensive ⇒ Affordable Music, Movies, TV Shows
- 112. Affordable ⇒ Expensive Textbooks (+800%)
- 113. Content Affordability Provider Cost Ne?lix – 20,000 Movies (and TV) $7.99 / month Hulu Plus – 45,000 TV (and Movies) $7.99 / month Spo:fy – 15M Songs $9.99 / month CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $20.25 / month
- 114. Content Affordability Provider Cost Ne?lix – 20,000 Movies (and TV) $7.99 / month Hulu Plus – 45,000 TV (and Movies) $7.99 / month Spo:fy – 15M Songs $9.99 / month CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $20.25 / month OpenStax – 1 Open Bio Textbook $0.00 / month
- 115. Impacts of Open on: Pedagogy Assessment Tenure and Promo2on Research Scholarship Business Model
- 116. Organizing and Transforming (0.85) “Overt or covert rearrangement of instruc2onal materials to improve learning. (e.g., making an outline before wri2ng a paper).... The types of strategies included in this category (such as summarizing and paraphrasing) promote a more ac3ve approach to learning tasks.” Ha}e, p. 190-‐191 hGp://pm4id.org/
- 117. But Where Are All These OER?!? Demo 2me!
- 118. OER + Analy2cs Con2nuous improvement
- 119. OER Give you permission to make changes But don’t tell you what to change
- 120. Analy2cs Tell you what to change But don’t give you permission to make changes
- 121. OER + Analy2cs Con2nuous improvement
- 123. Faculty Feedback “I wish I had this for every class I teach, for every module! The feedback and recommenda2ons are posi2ve, specific and are changes that I can implement quickly with minimal effort on my part.”
- 125. Genuine Open Moves Us Forward Increase learning Decrease costs Enable new pedagogies Empower faculty Facilitate con2nuous improvement
- 126. Fauxpen Takes Us Backward Free but not open None of the benefits of open
- 127. Lumen Learning It’s all open Full set of services enabling open learning (e.g., training, licensing, ID, hos2ng, support, CI)
- 128. Discussion hGp://lumenlearning.com/ hGp://davidwiley.org/ @opencontent