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The role of the youth in alleviating poverty

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1) The document discusses the role of youth in alleviating poverty in the Philippines, noting that 30% of the Philippine population is composed of youth aged 15-30. 2) It argues that involving youth and considering their perspectives is important for effective poverty reduction strategies, as youth make up a large portion of the population in developing countries and are directly impacted by poverty. 3) The document summarizes key statistics about poverty in the Philippines, including which provinces have the highest poverty rates and the minimum income needed for a family to meet basic needs. It outlines characteristics of the poor such as living in rural areas, low education levels, and reliance on informal sector work.

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The Role of the Youth in Alleviating Poverty Mr. JANVIE SOQUEÑA - AMIDO Founder and Executive Director Youth First Initiative Philippines – A Social Enterprise Email: janvieamido@gmail.com Twitter: @Itsjanvie February 6, 2015 West Visayas State University -Main
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty
“Poverty reduction is not only about meeting basic needs, it’s also about participation, influence and power.” Hanna Halin, President of LSU 2007-2009
Let us talk about Young People and its Perspectives
Snapshot of the Filipino Youth Sources: National Youth Commission and National Statistics Office Total Philippine Population as of March 2010 is 92,337,852 and 30% of that is composed of youth, which 27, 701, 355. In 2014, we already have 100 million and the population of the youth increased to 32 million. 15-17 years old (Young Youth) 18-24 years old (Young Adult) 25-30 years old (Core Youth)
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty
Arguments for a Youth Perspective Poverty Reduction • Poverty Reduction requires knowledge of youth-specific terms and conditions • Young people are experts regarding our own daily life and in ways of reaching young people • Youth organisations contribute to the strengthening of democracy and the respect for human rights
• Without a Youth Perspective development policies fail to identify youth organisations as actors of change • The Millennium Development Goals specifically address young people • Investing in young people has more potential than ever, since young people today are the most educated generation ever.
The number of people worldwide aged 12-24 years has reached 1.3 billion, the largest in history. It is also the healthiest and best educated – a strong base to build on in a world that demands more than basic skills. Paul Walfowitz, President, World Bank Group
Young people are seldom recognised as a resource in decision- making processes. Instead, young people are systematically excluded from important arenas of decision-making and development processes. As a result, their perspectives are often absent in policy-making. At the same time, many youth organisations remain drastically under-resourced and ill-equipped to participate in development process and efforts.
Development objectives cannot be met if young people are not involved and taken into account. A Youth Perspective in poverty reduction is especially relevant given that 2/3 of the population in low-income countries are under 25 years old. In addition, most of these young people have significantly limited opportunities to exercise their Human Rights such as freedom of association. Upholding a Youth Perspective is therefore an important means of protecting young people’s rights.
A Youth Perspective in poverty reduction contributes to greater efficiency by increasing probability of making efforts that suit different groups of young people.
More than 500,000,000 young people live in poverty.
The UN Millennium Development Goals have specific outcome indicators targeted for youth (15-24). The Development Goal Report 2009
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty
Youth Perspectives on MDGs MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty According to the UN’s World Youth Reports 724 million young people live on less than USD 2 a day. If you were given more consideration in poverty reduction strategies, their ability to help themselves escape from poverty would increase. MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education 115 million children are not in school and 100 million children ho start school will be forced to leave before they learn to read and write. It is important for young people to complete their education in order to escape poverty, and youth organisations can support this goal by providing non-formal education.
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Strict gender norms can be especially harmful for girls and young women who may find their freedom of movement, educational, personal and economical development, and security severely limited. Young people can break traditions and social constructions related to gender inequality and bring about change.
MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Every year 11 million children in the developing world die before the age of five, and since infants born to teenage mothers are 80% more likely to die, young mothers need to be specifically targeted t help reduce child mortality. A Youth Perspective can this strategically identify young mothers’ special needs.
MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Millions of young women experience complications when giving birth and some of these births end either in long-term morbidity or maternal mortality. A youth perspective clearly links data at a national level on young people’s level of education, achievements, child marriage rates, and early childbirth rates to age-specific maternal mortality rates.
MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases An estimated 11.8 million young people live with HIV/AIDS today and many major actors have integrated them into their HIV/AIDS related programs. Youth-led reproductive health education and peer to peer education has proven to be effective in tackling the pandemic.
MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Young people are more willing to take action t achieve environmental sustainability. This is due to the fact that it is young people that have to deal with the consequences of not taking environmental sustainability seriously today, as many of the effects of pollution will only become evident over the long term.
MDG 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development Building alliances and forging partnerships with governments, civil society, youth-serving organisations, and the media in order to leverage resources for investing in young people, are crucial to achieving the MDGs.
Now, let us talk about poverty and its statistics
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty
According to NSCB, 2006… • 24 out of 100 Pinoy families did not earn enough to satisfy their basic food and non-food requirements. • 30 out of 100 Filipinos had income short of the minimum cost of the basic requirements.
Which provinces are the poorest? Source: National Statistical Coordination Board The poorest provinces in 2003 in terms of poverty incidence of families is Zamboanga del Norte (64.6%), followed by Maguindanao (60.4%) and Masbate (55.9%). • Surigao del Norte • Agusan del Sur • Misamis Occidental • Mt. Province • Biliran • Lanao del Norte
What is the minimum income needed by a 5- member family so as not to be considered poor? Source: World Bank If it has a combined earning monthly income of PhP 6, 195 or at least PhP 200.00 a day in order to meet their most basic food and non-food
Who are the poor? Based on RA 8425 or otherwise known as Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act, poor refers to individuals and families whose income fall below the poverty threshold as defined by the government and/or those that cannot afford in a sustained manner to provide their basic needs of food, health, education, housing and other amenities of life.
Key poverty related terms • Poverty Threshold – refers to the minimum income/expenditure required for a family/individual to meet their basic needs. • Poverty Incidence – the proportion of families/individuals with per capita income/expenditure less than the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families/individuals.
Main Characteristics of the Poor Source: Asian Development Bank • The majority live in a rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, mostly as farmers and fishers. • In the urban areas, such as Metro Manila, they are found in slums and in the informal sector. • They have large families (six members or more)
• A major income source of the poor is from enterprise income (informal sector activities) • A significant segment of the poor households are “chronically poor”. • In two-thirds of poor families, the head of the household has only an elementary education or below • They have no or few assets and minimal access to credits
Causes of Poverty Source: Asian Development Bank, et al. 2008 • Low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years • Low growth elasticity of poverty reduction • Weakness in employment generation and the quality of jobs generated • Failure to develop the agriculture sector
• High inflation during crisis periods • High and persistent level of inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion and • Recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters, and “environmental poverty”.
Educational Attainment of Heads of Poor Households Source: Family Income Expenditure Survey public use files; author’s computations 6% 36% 25% 14% 14% 4% 0% 1% Percentage No Grade Completed Elementary Attended Elementary Graduate High School Attended High School Graduate College Attended College Graduate Post Graduate
Who is vulnerable to what and why? Source: Human Development Report Office Vulnerability Who? To What? Why? The poor, informal workers, socially excluded Economic shocks, health shocks Limited capabilities Women, people with disabilities, migrants, minorities, children, the elderly, youth Natural disaster, climate change, industrial hazards Location, position in society, sensitive periods in the life cycle Whole communities, regions Conflict, civil unrest Low social cohesion, unresponsive institutions, poor governance
Policies for reducing vulnerability and building resilience Preventing Shocks Promoting Capabilities Protecting Choices Financial Regulation Universal Provision of education and health Social Protection Climate Change Agreement Full employment Job Creation Early Childhood Development Promoting gender and group equality Building social cohesion and competencies Macroeconomic policies Responsive Institutions Tackling discrimination by changing laws and norms Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Crisis and conflict recovery Social Cohesion
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty
Human beings and the world over need freedom and security that they may be able to realize their full potential. - Aung San Suu Kyi Any fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius – and a lot of courage – to move in the opposite direction. - Albert Einstein
The role of the youth in alleviating poverty

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The role of the youth in alleviating poverty

  • 1. The Role of the Youth in Alleviating Poverty Mr. JANVIE SOQUEÑA - AMIDO Founder and Executive Director Youth First Initiative Philippines – A Social Enterprise Email: janvieamido@gmail.com Twitter: @Itsjanvie February 6, 2015 West Visayas State University -Main
  • 3. “Poverty reduction is not only about meeting basic needs, it’s also about participation, influence and power.” Hanna Halin, President of LSU 2007-2009
  • 4. Let us talk about Young People and its Perspectives
  • 5. Snapshot of the Filipino Youth Sources: National Youth Commission and National Statistics Office Total Philippine Population as of March 2010 is 92,337,852 and 30% of that is composed of youth, which 27, 701, 355. In 2014, we already have 100 million and the population of the youth increased to 32 million. 15-17 years old (Young Youth) 18-24 years old (Young Adult) 25-30 years old (Core Youth)
  • 7. Arguments for a Youth Perspective Poverty Reduction • Poverty Reduction requires knowledge of youth-specific terms and conditions • Young people are experts regarding our own daily life and in ways of reaching young people • Youth organisations contribute to the strengthening of democracy and the respect for human rights
  • 8. • Without a Youth Perspective development policies fail to identify youth organisations as actors of change • The Millennium Development Goals specifically address young people • Investing in young people has more potential than ever, since young people today are the most educated generation ever.
  • 9. The number of people worldwide aged 12-24 years has reached 1.3 billion, the largest in history. It is also the healthiest and best educated – a strong base to build on in a world that demands more than basic skills. Paul Walfowitz, President, World Bank Group
  • 10. Young people are seldom recognised as a resource in decision- making processes. Instead, young people are systematically excluded from important arenas of decision-making and development processes. As a result, their perspectives are often absent in policy-making. At the same time, many youth organisations remain drastically under-resourced and ill-equipped to participate in development process and efforts.
  • 11. Development objectives cannot be met if young people are not involved and taken into account. A Youth Perspective in poverty reduction is especially relevant given that 2/3 of the population in low-income countries are under 25 years old. In addition, most of these young people have significantly limited opportunities to exercise their Human Rights such as freedom of association. Upholding a Youth Perspective is therefore an important means of protecting young people’s rights.
  • 12. A Youth Perspective in poverty reduction contributes to greater efficiency by increasing probability of making efforts that suit different groups of young people.
  • 13. More than 500,000,000 young people live in poverty.
  • 14. The UN Millennium Development Goals have specific outcome indicators targeted for youth (15-24). The Development Goal Report 2009
  • 16. Youth Perspectives on MDGs MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty According to the UN’s World Youth Reports 724 million young people live on less than USD 2 a day. If you were given more consideration in poverty reduction strategies, their ability to help themselves escape from poverty would increase. MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education 115 million children are not in school and 100 million children ho start school will be forced to leave before they learn to read and write. It is important for young people to complete their education in order to escape poverty, and youth organisations can support this goal by providing non-formal education.
  • 17. MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Strict gender norms can be especially harmful for girls and young women who may find their freedom of movement, educational, personal and economical development, and security severely limited. Young people can break traditions and social constructions related to gender inequality and bring about change.
  • 18. MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Every year 11 million children in the developing world die before the age of five, and since infants born to teenage mothers are 80% more likely to die, young mothers need to be specifically targeted t help reduce child mortality. A Youth Perspective can this strategically identify young mothers’ special needs.
  • 19. MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Millions of young women experience complications when giving birth and some of these births end either in long-term morbidity or maternal mortality. A youth perspective clearly links data at a national level on young people’s level of education, achievements, child marriage rates, and early childbirth rates to age-specific maternal mortality rates.
  • 20. MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases An estimated 11.8 million young people live with HIV/AIDS today and many major actors have integrated them into their HIV/AIDS related programs. Youth-led reproductive health education and peer to peer education has proven to be effective in tackling the pandemic.
  • 21. MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Young people are more willing to take action t achieve environmental sustainability. This is due to the fact that it is young people that have to deal with the consequences of not taking environmental sustainability seriously today, as many of the effects of pollution will only become evident over the long term.
  • 22. MDG 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development Building alliances and forging partnerships with governments, civil society, youth-serving organisations, and the media in order to leverage resources for investing in young people, are crucial to achieving the MDGs.
  • 23. Now, let us talk about poverty and its statistics
  • 25. According to NSCB, 2006… • 24 out of 100 Pinoy families did not earn enough to satisfy their basic food and non-food requirements. • 30 out of 100 Filipinos had income short of the minimum cost of the basic requirements.
  • 26. Which provinces are the poorest? Source: National Statistical Coordination Board The poorest provinces in 2003 in terms of poverty incidence of families is Zamboanga del Norte (64.6%), followed by Maguindanao (60.4%) and Masbate (55.9%). • Surigao del Norte • Agusan del Sur • Misamis Occidental • Mt. Province • Biliran • Lanao del Norte
  • 27. What is the minimum income needed by a 5- member family so as not to be considered poor? Source: World Bank If it has a combined earning monthly income of PhP 6, 195 or at least PhP 200.00 a day in order to meet their most basic food and non-food
  • 28. Who are the poor? Based on RA 8425 or otherwise known as Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act, poor refers to individuals and families whose income fall below the poverty threshold as defined by the government and/or those that cannot afford in a sustained manner to provide their basic needs of food, health, education, housing and other amenities of life.
  • 29. Key poverty related terms • Poverty Threshold – refers to the minimum income/expenditure required for a family/individual to meet their basic needs. • Poverty Incidence – the proportion of families/individuals with per capita income/expenditure less than the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families/individuals.
  • 30. Main Characteristics of the Poor Source: Asian Development Bank • The majority live in a rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, mostly as farmers and fishers. • In the urban areas, such as Metro Manila, they are found in slums and in the informal sector. • They have large families (six members or more)
  • 31. • A major income source of the poor is from enterprise income (informal sector activities) • A significant segment of the poor households are “chronically poor”. • In two-thirds of poor families, the head of the household has only an elementary education or below • They have no or few assets and minimal access to credits
  • 32. Causes of Poverty Source: Asian Development Bank, et al. 2008 • Low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years • Low growth elasticity of poverty reduction • Weakness in employment generation and the quality of jobs generated • Failure to develop the agriculture sector
  • 33. • High inflation during crisis periods • High and persistent level of inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion and • Recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters, and “environmental poverty”.
  • 34. Educational Attainment of Heads of Poor Households Source: Family Income Expenditure Survey public use files; author’s computations 6% 36% 25% 14% 14% 4% 0% 1% Percentage No Grade Completed Elementary Attended Elementary Graduate High School Attended High School Graduate College Attended College Graduate Post Graduate
  • 35. Who is vulnerable to what and why? Source: Human Development Report Office Vulnerability Who? To What? Why? The poor, informal workers, socially excluded Economic shocks, health shocks Limited capabilities Women, people with disabilities, migrants, minorities, children, the elderly, youth Natural disaster, climate change, industrial hazards Location, position in society, sensitive periods in the life cycle Whole communities, regions Conflict, civil unrest Low social cohesion, unresponsive institutions, poor governance
  • 36. Policies for reducing vulnerability and building resilience Preventing Shocks Promoting Capabilities Protecting Choices Financial Regulation Universal Provision of education and health Social Protection Climate Change Agreement Full employment Job Creation Early Childhood Development Promoting gender and group equality Building social cohesion and competencies Macroeconomic policies Responsive Institutions Tackling discrimination by changing laws and norms Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Crisis and conflict recovery Social Cohesion
  • 38. Human beings and the world over need freedom and security that they may be able to realize their full potential. - Aung San Suu Kyi Any fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius – and a lot of courage – to move in the opposite direction. - Albert Einstein