Theoretical & conceptual framework

The document describes a theoretical framework for a study examining the self-care ability of hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. It involves collecting input data on patients' demographics and social support. A questionnaire and descriptive survey will be used to process the data, along with statistical analysis. The output will be an assessment of patients' self-care ability prior to treatment, to inform the development of a teaching plan to improve self-care. Tables and charts are presented to explain the statistical treatment and presentation of results.

The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for relationships between variables in a research study. A theoretical framework guides the research process by informing hypothesis development and the interpretation of observations. It also defines a conceptual framework as representing relationships between concepts through logical structure, which can be used to clarify concepts when existing theory is insufficient. Both theoretical and conceptual frameworks are important for guiding research design and interpreting findings.

This document provides guidance on writing the results and discussion chapters for qualitative research theses. It discusses styles for presenting qualitative results and analysis in a way that makes sense based on the research aims, methods, and theoretical framework. The results should be organized selectively around themes or chronologically and include evidence from the data to support interpretations. Pseudonyms or codes should be used to refer to participants. The discussion chapter should locate findings in the broader context of existing literature and theory, and discuss implications. Both chapters should have clear introductions to guide the reader and remind them of the research questions. The findings and discussion may be organized in parallel thematic sections.

This chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. It will use a descriptive and experimental research method to compare student performance between those receiving blended instruction and traditional textbook instruction. The subjects will be 375 first year students divided into a control group of 185 students receiving traditional instruction and an experimental group of 190 receiving blended instruction across 10 class sections. Data will be collected using pre-tests, post-tests, and a questionnaire to measure student performance and perceptions. Statistical analysis including ANOVA, t-tests, percentages and means will be used to analyze the data.

This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It defines key concepts like theories, variables, and relationships between concepts. Theories can be grand, middle-range, descriptive, explanatory or predictive. Theoretical frameworks are derived from existing theories and provide the rationale for relationships between variables. Conceptual frameworks assemble concepts based on their relevance to a theme without being formally tested. Conceptual maps further explain relationships between concepts supported by literature. Frameworks guide research, practice and the generation of hypotheses.

The document discusses reviewing related literature and studies for research. It describes conceptual literature as non-empirical material from various sources that can provide ideas for research problems and theoretical frameworks. Research literature refers to empirical studies from published and unpublished local and foreign sources that can avoid duplication and guide research design. A thorough review of related literature and studies is important as it helps identify gaps, compare variables, and establish trends to strengthen a study. The document provides examples of sources to review and guidelines for writing the literature review introduction and citing sources.

Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined. Types and Functions CONCEPTUAL -Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people. CONCEPTUAL It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION -Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement. The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational. FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways. EXAMPLES EXAMPLES OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: Reference:Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. ArdalesBest, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970.Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136

This document discusses the review of related literature and studies portion of a research paper. It defines conceptual literature as non-empirical sources like books and journalism, while research literature refers to empirical studies from published and unpublished local and foreign sources. The purpose of a literature review is to avoid duplication, guide theoretical frameworks, and inform research design choices. A good review uses current, relevant sources and objectively scrutinizes data to allow generalizations. Sources can include theses, books, websites and dictionaries.

The document discusses several topics related to conducting research, including: 1. The importance of assessing knowledge, attitudes, and barriers towards research among medical students to promote research involvement. 2. Previous studies on this topic have found moderate knowledge but room for improving attitudes, and that barriers like workload and lack of support negatively impact research involvement. 3. The objective of the presented study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers to research participation among medical students in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Kuwait to inform efforts to strengthen research training in those regions.

This document provides an overview of research design, conceptual frameworks, and their importance in research. It discusses different types of research designs including experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational designs. Key factors that influence the selection of a research design are the study purpose, required strength of evidence, available time and resources, and ethical considerations. The document also explains that a conceptual framework presents the main concepts of a study and their relationships in narrative or visual form. It provides the structure for the research and helps identify relevant variables and relationships between dependent and independent variables. Developing a conceptual framework is an iterative process that can be presented through diagrams, equations or descriptions.

This chapter reviews related literature and studies on how the internet impacts communication skills. Foreign literature discusses how the internet allows children to socialize and develop communication through email, chat rooms and messaging. Local literature examines how Filipinos are active online communicators on websites like Facebook and Twitter. A foreign study found the internet improved students' writing skills. A local study validated online learning modules for teaching English and found success depends on schedule compliance and teacher interaction.

This document discusses research instruments used for data collection. It describes three common instruments: questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Questionnaires involve structured questions to elicit responses, while interviews can be structured, unstructured, or focused. Observation can involve participating or non-participating. The document provides examples of each type of instrument and discusses characteristics of good instruments, such as being valid and reliable. It also outlines steps to prepare questionnaires and types of questions used.

A research title captures the research problem concisely. It should clearly reflect the topic being investigated and be original, clear, and concise. Broad topics can be narrowed into specific research questions by examining literature in the area, discussing ideas with others, applying the topic to a specific context, and defining the aim of the study. When choosing a research topic, it is important to select something that interests and motivates the researcher, is doable given available resources and time, and is focused and well-defined.

Related literature and studies help guide researchers in several ways: by helping select a research topic, understand the topic better, and avoid duplicating other studies. They also help with research design elements like formulating questions, assumptions, and frameworks, as well as selecting methods, instruments, analysis techniques, and comparing findings. Sources of related materials include scholarly journals, books, and databases. Primary sources are original accounts, while secondary sources discuss primary sources. Researchers should review sources that are recent, objective, relevant, and based on original facts.

The document discusses theoretical frameworks for research. It provides information on several theories that could be used as the basis for a study, including organizational theory, performance theory, and theories on governance, collective action, and service delivery. It emphasizes that the theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains the research problem and will guide hypotheses, variable selection, and data analysis. The theoretical framework strengthens a study by allowing critical evaluation, connecting to existing knowledge, explaining phenomena, and identifying limits of generalizations.

The document discusses research paradigms and provides examples. It defines a research paradigm as a model or guide that describes how variables are treated in a study. Symbols like boxes, arrows, and lines are used to illustrate the relationships between variables. Two examples of research paradigms are given, one showing demographic factors and their relationship to reading proficiency levels, and another depicting inputs and processes in journalistic writing. The document also presents three common research approaches - positivism, anti-positivism, and critical theory - along with examples of associated research methods like surveys, case studies, and action research.

The document is a reference survey questionnaire that asks students to rate questions about using the internet and books for assignments on a 5-point scale. The questions for the internet section ask about using it for research, if it is essential for assignments, if it provides satisfying answers, if websites provide easy access to information, if search engines lead to appropriate topics, and if it is easy and less stressful to use. The book section questions ask if books are relied on for assignments, if they are essential, if they provide satisfying answers, if contents are easy to find and scan, if they are easy to use, if answers are easy to find, if they save time and provide enough information, and if teachers recommend them over other sources.

The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying relationships between them, defining concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale through literature review. Frameworks guide research by informing hypothesis development and data analysis. Descriptive theories classify phenomena while explanatory theories specify relationships and predictive theories predict relationships. Frameworks must be clearly identified and consistent with the research topic.