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TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania

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CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme
CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme

1) The document reports on the status of groundnut breeding research in Tanzania conducted by the Naliendele research team between 2011-2012. 2) Key activities included evaluating over 300 genotypes for rust and rosette resistance, advancing breeding crosses to introgress resistance to diseases and drought, and evaluating 132 varieties for yield, adaptation and market traits. 3) Challenges faced by the research team included delays in completing an irrigation system, inadequate computers, transport, and research funding as well as a lack of support for value addition activities and insufficient extension officers for groundnuts.

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TL-I Groundnut Breeding Status Report, Tanzania – May 2012 O.Mponda, E. Monyo, E. Kafiriti, J. Mfaume, H. Daudi, P. Mashamba Presented at Annual Meeting - Tropical Legumes I- Phase 2 Generation Challenge Programme 7-11 May 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Research Team at Naliendele, Tanzania • Dr. O. Mponda –Principal Collaborator, Lead Scientist and Zonal Res Coord • Dr. Elly Kafiriti – Agronomist and Zonal Director • Philipo Mashamba – MSc student under TL1 • Juma Mfaume – Breeder ( MSc TL-II support) • Happy Daudi – MSc student under COSTECH – Government support • Athanas Minja – MSc student under McKnight CCRP Support • Joseph Nzunda – Agronomist (BSc) • Joane Kasuga – PAFO - Pathology • Charles Mkandawile – PAFO - Breeding • David Ndolelwa – AFO – Breeding • Support staff • Masud Rashid - Driver • Collaborators – Sister NARS Ukiriguru, Tumbi, Selian, Makutopora • District Councils – Extension officers and farmers
Oilseeds and Grain Legumes Research Programme/Projects activities – NARI Tanzania • Phase II-Tropical Legumes I – Groundnut Molecular Breeding • Phase II-Tropical legumes II – Groundnut Breeding and seed systems project. • Phase II Mcknight CCRP Groundnut Breeding and aflatoxin project TZ and MW – Innovative Communication Media and Methods – ICMM Project TZ and MW • Mcknight CCRP Bambara Research Project TZ,MW and MZ • African Dry land Alliance for Plant Pesticides Technologies (ADAPPT)- 8 countries in Africa • EU 9th EDF- funded ICART –SADC Sesame Project
Groundnut Research History in Tanzania • Groundnut research in Tanzania was started in early 1950s, at Nachingwea and Kongwa to support the then Overseas Food Corporation (OFC) groundnut scheme after WWII • Groundnut scheme failed in late 1950s and at Nachingwea added crop research on soybean, sesame • After independence in 1961 to 1970s research on groundnuts lacked cohesion • In 1978 Oilseeds research Project was started and included groundnuts, sesame and sunflower. • 11 varieties of groundnuts have been released to date
Groundnut producing regions in Tanzania
Groundnuts Production-Tanzania Cropped Production Av. Area (2008- (2008-10 Yield (2008- Potential Realizable Yield Gap 10 avg) avg) 10 avg) (A) yield (B) Yield (C) (C-A) million million ha tonnes Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha 0.54 0.39 721.38 3,000 1500 778.62
Groundnuts Crop yields kg/ha (FAOSTAT 2009) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Key constraints Constraint Groundnuts Abiotic Drought, poor soil fertility, poor agronomic practices Biotic Rosette , rust , Early Leaf Spots, Late Leaf Spots, Groundnut hopper – Hilda patruelis Socio-Econ Seed availability, Aflatoxin contamination, Inadequate value addition and agro-processing activities , Inadequate extension officers for groundnuts/legumes
TLI Groundnut Breeding visitors Tanzania 2011-12 • International • Dr Xavier Delannay visited Naliendele in Dec 2011 to follow up irrigation system and held discussion with Agro-Rain Contractors. • Dr. E. Monyo visited Naliendele in December 2011and February 2012 • Dr. Hannibal Muhtar AGRICON International Inc. visited Naliendele on 25- 28 March 2012 to follow-up irrigation system • National Government Officials • Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture • Director of research and Development MAFSC • COSTECH Supporting funds for seed production 10 block – BOQ in and tendering progress • M and E Team from the Ministry • Media TBC
TLI trials 2011-12 Trial Sites Rust phenotyping Naliendele trial phenotyping for Naliendele rosette PVS trials TLI limked to Southern – Masasi and TL-II (ELS, Rust, Rosette Nanyumbu
TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania
Data sets • Phenotyping for rust – at the station • Phenotyping for rosettes – at the station • On-station PVS – 3 sets at 2 sites: Status • The trials planted in February they are maturity but not harvested. • Disease score data completed 3 times • Next Analysis of disease score data • 2 years data will now be available from which we can conclude. • On-farm PVS – status • Disease score data collected • Some entries showing evidence of resistance • Resistance Vs pod/kernel size – market traits
New sources of resistance from Reference under PVS • Rust: ICGV 02194, ICG 11426, ICGV 01276, ICGV 02286, and ICG 02446 • Rosette: ICG 14705, ICG 13099, ICG 9449, and ICG 15405 • ELS in ESA; ICG 6022, ICG 405, ICG 14466, ICG 6057, ICG 9449 and ICG 12509
Galaxy tablet - Comments • Positive-You spend less time to organize data before analysis • Negative - It has no simple way of making back- up in the field e.g. use of flash drive. • Add comments: There are a lot of third part applications such us internet, but there not configured, thus able to access internet. • Recommended for use
IB Field Books • Still at learning stage • Need more trainings
TL-I Infrastructure development/upgrading skills Irrigation system: Electric Power line to the breeding plot and then to the borehole. The Tanzania Government will support expansion of irrigation area - 10 for Breeder seed multiplication – BOQ and tendering in progress MSc.training - Mashamba Philipo - MSc SUA since Sept 2011 2 Techn will receive training in Data quality by June 2012 Juma Mfaume trained in statistics by April 2012 Equipments: Portable weather station, Leaf area meter, Spad Meter, screen house Work area renovation, fridges, digital camera, Laptop computer
TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania
Achievements  40 crosses introgressing • Release new 5 vars in 2009 new sources of, rust and and identified new sources of GRD, drought resistance 2010/11 resistance to foliar diseases,  28 crosses made introgressing drought and • Researchers and technicians aflatoxin resistance 2011-12 trained -Viable succession plan  F1 from these crosses are built within the programme being advanced F2 …  300 genotypes Reference • Program activities executed set evaluated for rust and (2 efficiently and timely – no years data) delays in fund disbursements  F4 SPS 2010 Reference collection evaluated rosette • Irrigation system coming to  132 varieties evaluated for completion yield and adaptability and farmer market traits (18 sets of trials)
Challenges • Irrigation system delays- General now being finalized • Inadequate support for • Inadequate computers- value addition and agro- Old computers, processing activities in • Inadequate transport – the groundnut growing Only McKnight CCRP regions – Demand Pull vehicle in use. • Inadequate extension • Inadequate research officers for funds groundnuts/legumes
Acknowledgements • We greatly acknowledge TL-I GCP and ICRISAT for their support
Thank you

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TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania

  • 1. TL-I Groundnut Breeding Status Report, Tanzania – May 2012 O.Mponda, E. Monyo, E. Kafiriti, J. Mfaume, H. Daudi, P. Mashamba Presented at Annual Meeting - Tropical Legumes I- Phase 2 Generation Challenge Programme 7-11 May 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 2. Research Team at Naliendele, Tanzania • Dr. O. Mponda –Principal Collaborator, Lead Scientist and Zonal Res Coord • Dr. Elly Kafiriti – Agronomist and Zonal Director • Philipo Mashamba – MSc student under TL1 • Juma Mfaume – Breeder ( MSc TL-II support) • Happy Daudi – MSc student under COSTECH – Government support • Athanas Minja – MSc student under McKnight CCRP Support • Joseph Nzunda – Agronomist (BSc) • Joane Kasuga – PAFO - Pathology • Charles Mkandawile – PAFO - Breeding • David Ndolelwa – AFO – Breeding • Support staff • Masud Rashid - Driver • Collaborators – Sister NARS Ukiriguru, Tumbi, Selian, Makutopora • District Councils – Extension officers and farmers
  • 3. Oilseeds and Grain Legumes Research Programme/Projects activities – NARI Tanzania • Phase II-Tropical Legumes I – Groundnut Molecular Breeding • Phase II-Tropical legumes II – Groundnut Breeding and seed systems project. • Phase II Mcknight CCRP Groundnut Breeding and aflatoxin project TZ and MW – Innovative Communication Media and Methods – ICMM Project TZ and MW • Mcknight CCRP Bambara Research Project TZ,MW and MZ • African Dry land Alliance for Plant Pesticides Technologies (ADAPPT)- 8 countries in Africa • EU 9th EDF- funded ICART –SADC Sesame Project
  • 4. Groundnut Research History in Tanzania • Groundnut research in Tanzania was started in early 1950s, at Nachingwea and Kongwa to support the then Overseas Food Corporation (OFC) groundnut scheme after WWII • Groundnut scheme failed in late 1950s and at Nachingwea added crop research on soybean, sesame • After independence in 1961 to 1970s research on groundnuts lacked cohesion • In 1978 Oilseeds research Project was started and included groundnuts, sesame and sunflower. • 11 varieties of groundnuts have been released to date
  • 6. Groundnuts Production-Tanzania Cropped Production Av. Area (2008- (2008-10 Yield (2008- Potential Realizable Yield Gap 10 avg) avg) 10 avg) (A) yield (B) Yield (C) (C-A) million million ha tonnes Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha 0.54 0.39 721.38 3,000 1500 778.62
  • 7. Groundnuts Crop yields kg/ha (FAOSTAT 2009) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
  • 8. Key constraints Constraint Groundnuts Abiotic Drought, poor soil fertility, poor agronomic practices Biotic Rosette , rust , Early Leaf Spots, Late Leaf Spots, Groundnut hopper – Hilda patruelis Socio-Econ Seed availability, Aflatoxin contamination, Inadequate value addition and agro-processing activities , Inadequate extension officers for groundnuts/legumes
  • 9. TLI Groundnut Breeding visitors Tanzania 2011-12 • International • Dr Xavier Delannay visited Naliendele in Dec 2011 to follow up irrigation system and held discussion with Agro-Rain Contractors. • Dr. E. Monyo visited Naliendele in December 2011and February 2012 • Dr. Hannibal Muhtar AGRICON International Inc. visited Naliendele on 25- 28 March 2012 to follow-up irrigation system • National Government Officials • Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture • Director of research and Development MAFSC • COSTECH Supporting funds for seed production 10 block – BOQ in and tendering progress • M and E Team from the Ministry • Media TBC
  • 10. TLI trials 2011-12 Trial Sites Rust phenotyping Naliendele trial phenotyping for Naliendele rosette PVS trials TLI limked to Southern – Masasi and TL-II (ELS, Rust, Rosette Nanyumbu
  • 12. Data sets • Phenotyping for rust – at the station • Phenotyping for rosettes – at the station • On-station PVS – 3 sets at 2 sites: Status • The trials planted in February they are maturity but not harvested. • Disease score data completed 3 times • Next Analysis of disease score data • 2 years data will now be available from which we can conclude. • On-farm PVS – status • Disease score data collected • Some entries showing evidence of resistance • Resistance Vs pod/kernel size – market traits
  • 13. New sources of resistance from Reference under PVS • Rust: ICGV 02194, ICG 11426, ICGV 01276, ICGV 02286, and ICG 02446 • Rosette: ICG 14705, ICG 13099, ICG 9449, and ICG 15405 • ELS in ESA; ICG 6022, ICG 405, ICG 14466, ICG 6057, ICG 9449 and ICG 12509
  • 14. Galaxy tablet - Comments • Positive-You spend less time to organize data before analysis • Negative - It has no simple way of making back- up in the field e.g. use of flash drive. • Add comments: There are a lot of third part applications such us internet, but there not configured, thus able to access internet. • Recommended for use
  • 15. IB Field Books • Still at learning stage • Need more trainings
  • 16. TL-I Infrastructure development/upgrading skills Irrigation system: Electric Power line to the breeding plot and then to the borehole. The Tanzania Government will support expansion of irrigation area - 10 for Breeder seed multiplication – BOQ and tendering in progress MSc.training - Mashamba Philipo - MSc SUA since Sept 2011 2 Techn will receive training in Data quality by June 2012 Juma Mfaume trained in statistics by April 2012 Equipments: Portable weather station, Leaf area meter, Spad Meter, screen house Work area renovation, fridges, digital camera, Laptop computer
  • 18. Achievements  40 crosses introgressing • Release new 5 vars in 2009 new sources of, rust and and identified new sources of GRD, drought resistance 2010/11 resistance to foliar diseases,  28 crosses made introgressing drought and • Researchers and technicians aflatoxin resistance 2011-12 trained -Viable succession plan  F1 from these crosses are built within the programme being advanced F2 …  300 genotypes Reference • Program activities executed set evaluated for rust and (2 efficiently and timely – no years data) delays in fund disbursements  F4 SPS 2010 Reference collection evaluated rosette • Irrigation system coming to  132 varieties evaluated for completion yield and adaptability and farmer market traits (18 sets of trials)
  • 19. Challenges • Irrigation system delays- General now being finalized • Inadequate support for • Inadequate computers- value addition and agro- Old computers, processing activities in • Inadequate transport – the groundnut growing Only McKnight CCRP regions – Demand Pull vehicle in use. • Inadequate extension • Inadequate research officers for funds groundnuts/legumes
  • 20. Acknowledgements • We greatly acknowledge TL-I GCP and ICRISAT for their support