Top linux distributions & open source Browsers

jetking
Course:-jchne+cloud
Name:-pawan-sharma
Roll number:-ch-803
Submitted to:-Mr. mohit sir

Linux isn’t a complete operating system — it’s just a kernel. Linux
distribution take the Linux kernel and combine it with other free
software to create complete packages. There are many different
Linux distributions out there.
Who created the Linux kernel & how ?
LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS

• 1985 Free Software Foundation (FSF) founded by Richard Stallman. Along
with other programmers creates the tools needed to make a UNIX compatible
OS
• 1985 Professor Andy Tannenbaum creates a UNIX like operating system based
on System V Unix for the IBM PC & PC/AT computers. It is called Minix.
• 1989 Richard Stallman releases GPL and GNU software but lacks a free kernel.
• 1991 Building on the concepts in Minix, Linus Torvalds (Finnish college
student) develops Linux along with help from other users on the web.
LINUX SHORT HISTORY
founder of Linux kernel :-Linus Torvalds9/7/2017PAWAN SHARMA, ROLL NO:-CH-803 3

POPULAR [LINUX DISTRIBUTION]
9/7/2017PAWAN SHARMA, ROLL NO:-CH-803 4

o Red Hat -(Enterprise) Linux is probably the largest commercial Linux vendor.
Focus on stability and long term support. Red Hat sponsors a community version
(Fedora) which undergoes a more rapid development cycle.
o KNOPPIX – The first Live CD version. The OS can be booted from, and run
completely off the CD. KNOPPIX is based on Debian Linux. Many vendors now
offer Live versions. No installation necessary.
o Ubuntu based on Debian Linux. Ubuntu claims to be most popular desktop
version. Many applications and excellent “update mechanism” contribute to its
success. Revenue is created by selling technical support.
o Mint -is highly recommended for both users coming from Windows, as well as
users coming from Ubuntu, but unhappy with Ubuntu's recent, rather dramatic
interface changes. Mint provides an updated interface with a look and feel
similar to Gnome 2, with an application menu reminiscent of the Windows 7
Start Menu, with categorization and search

o OpenSUSE:-makes use of a GUI tool called YaST to install and setup an openSUSE
system.
YaST is very easy to use and makes the process of installing and maintaining an
openSUSE installation a breeze.
o CentOS -has several built-in solutions for disaster recovery. For example, it comes
with pacemaker which can be configured to manage multi-site and stretch clusters
across multiple geographical locations for disaster recovery and scalability. It can also
be configured to trigger notifications when the status of a managed cluster changes
by using enhanced pacemaker alerts.
o Fedora:- is backed by RedHat, the biggest Linux kernel contributor in the world. Using
a distribution made by RedHat means that it will be fine-tuned to work as efficiently
as possible since it's made by the same people who work extensively on the kernel
and know its ins and outs.
o Debian:- is one of the oldest and most popular distros out there. Debian's popularity
means that you will always be able to find a solution for your problem just by
searching on Google, or if by chance nobody has had the problem you are having it's
very easy to ask the community and quickly get a solution.

o 1.Google Chrome:-Accounted as the most popular web browser in smartphones
and PC’s with more than half usage share of web browsers, Google Chrome is a
freeware developed by Google. It forked from Chromium whose code is
modified with certain add-ons to structure it. It uses WebKit layout engine till
version 27 and Blink thereafter. Written mostly in C++, it is available for many
Operating Systems including Android, iOS, OS X, Windows and Linux.
o Features provided by Chrome include: bookmarking and synchronization,
enhanced security, malware blocking, and addition of external plugins like:
AddBlock etc available in Google Web Store which is provided as a default
extension in Chrome. Also, it supports user tracking feature which can be
enabled if required.
o 2. Firefox:-One of the popular Web Browsers, Firefox is also Open Source and
available for major operating systems including: OS X, Linux, Solaris, Linux,
Windows, Android etc. It is written majorly in C++, JavaScript, C, CSS, XUL, XBL
and released under MPL2.0 License.
o Features supported by Firefox include: tabbed browsing, spell checking,
incremental find, live bookmarking, private browsing, add-on support which
allows easy integration of many features. Apart from these, it supports many
standards including: HTML4, XML, XHTML, SVG and APNG etc. It has been one of
the popular web browsers in many Asian and African countries with more than a
billion users around the world.
TOP OPEN SOURCE BROWSER

o 3. Opera:-Another popular web browser, Opera is one of the earliest one we have till
date, with initial version released in 1995, 20 years ago. It is written in C++ with
availability marked for all Operating Systems including: Windows, OS, Linux, OS X,
Symbian and Mobile phones including: Android, iOS. It uses Blink web engine, whereas
earlier versions used Presto.
Features of this browser include: speed-dial for quick search, tabbed browsing, downloads
manager, Page Zooming which allows Flash, Java and SVG to be increased or decreased as
per user requirements, deletion of HTTP cookies, browsing history and other data on click of
a button. Despite of its criticism for compatibility, and other UI related issues, it has been
one of the favourite browsers with total of around 291 million users in mid of 2015.
o 4. Chromium:-Widely known web browser, which forms the base from where Google
Chrome takes its source code, Chromium is another Open Source web browser available
for Linux, Windows, OS X and Android Operating Systems. It is mainly written in C++ with
latest release being in December 2016. It is designed with minimalistic user interface so
as to make it lightweight and fast.
Features of Chromium include: a tabbed window manager, support for Vorbis, Theora,
WebM codecs for HTML5 Audio and Video, Bookmark and History and Session management.
Apart from Google Chrome, Chromium also forms base for large number of other Web
Browsers some of which are still active while others have been discontinued. Some of them
are: Opera, Dartum, Epic Browser, Vivaldi, Yandex Browser, Flock (discontinued), Rockmelt
(discontinued) and many more.

o 5. Midori:-Midori is an open source web browser developed In Vala and C with WebKit engine and
GTK+ 2 and GTK+ 3 interface. With initial stable release in 2007 and latest stable release being in
August 2015, Midori is currently the default browser in many Linux distros including: Manjaro
Linux, elementary OS, SliTaz Linux, Bodhi Linux, Trisqel Mini, SystemRescue CD, old versions of
Raspbian.
Major Features provided by it include: HTML5 Support, Bookmark Management, Private Browsing,
Windows, Tabs and Sessions management, Speed Dial, Easy integration of extensions which can be
written in C and Vala, Unity Support. Midori has been mentioned as one of the alternative web
browsers for Linux by LifeHacker and many other sites including: TechRadar, ComputerWorld and
Gigaom
o 6. QupZilla:-QupZilla is another known web browser which started merely as a Research Project
with first release in December 2010 written in Python, and later releases being in C++ with goal to
develop a portable web browser. It is licensed under GPLv3 and available for Linux, Windows, OS X,
FreeBSD.
QupZilla uses WebKit engine with QtWebKit to be in sync with mordern web standards. It provides all
the functions of a mordern web browser including: Speed Dial, built-in Add Block feature, bookmark
management, etc. Additional features which would make you opt this browser include: Performance
Optimization with memory consumption lower than most famous web browsers including Firefox and
Google Chrome.

o 7. Konqueror:-Another multi-purpose Web Browser and File Manager, Konqueror is another one
in the list. Developed in C++(Qt) and available for Operating Systems including: Linux and
Windows and licensed under GPLv2. As the name shows, Konqueror (starting with ‘K’) is the
default browser for KDE Desktop environment.
features include: Customizable search services (even custom search shortcut is also included which
can be added), ability to show multimedia content within web pages due to integrated Kpart, Ability
to open PDF, Open Document and other specific file types, integrates I/O plugin system which
allows several protocols including: HTTP, FTP, WebDaV, SMB etc, ability to browse through local file
system of user. Konqueror Embedded is another embedded version of Knoqueror which is also
available.
o 8. Web (Epiphany):-Originally named as Epiphany is another we browser which deserves a
mention in the list. Written in C (GTK+) it was originally a fork of Galeon and since then has been
part of GNOME project and complies to GNOME’s guidelines at each stage of its development.
Initially, it used Geeko engine but with version 2.20, it started using WebKitGTK+ engine. Web
provides support for Linux and BSD Operating Systems with source code available under GPLv2.
Features include: HTML4, CSS1 and XHTML support including support for HTML5 and CSS3, inbuilt
plugins of Adobe Flash and IcedTea, bookmark and “smart bookmark” feature which allows easy
search in find-in-as-you-type manner, full integration with GNOME features including GNOME
Network Manager, GNOME printer etc, and other features supported by most browsers. While it
has received mixed reviews, one capability for which it is praised by many is its fast launching and
page-load capability.

o 9. SwiftFox:-A browser based on Mozilla Firefox, SwiftFox is the next one in list. It is build
exclusively for Linux with code bring completely Open Source under MPL 1.1 and binaries
proprietary.
SwiftFox is optimized version of Firefox for Linux platform. It employs Binary Code
Optimization technique with -O3 level compilation, optimization specific to architectures
including: AMD, AMD64, Intel.
Other features which make it more advanced from Firefox are: increased security, Pango
disabled for reduced package size and rendering. Its version 1.5.6.0 has been reported to
have increased speed by about 1.7%
o 10. Pale Moon:-Another browser based on Mozilla Firefox, Pale Moon is a replacement
for Firefox on Linux, Windows and Android. It is developed in C/C++ with Source Code
available under MPL2.0 License. It retains the user interface seen in previous versions of
Firefox, focusing only on web browsing abilities. Its latest version will use Gonna, which is
fork of Geeko, a web browser engine of Firefox.
Pale Moon focuses on speed optimization features and utilizes Microsoft C Compiler’s speed
optimization, auto-parallelization features. Also, it removes unnecessary add on features
which are not required i.e. crash reporter, accessibility hardware features, and targets
Windows Vista and later OS due to which it may fail on older hardwares. Other features
include: DuckDuckGo default search engine, IP-API geolocation service, functional status bar
and enhanced customization.

Mozilla-firefox Web
Google Chrome
Opera
3 MOST POPULAR
BROWSER

FIREFOX
• Features supported by Firefox
include: tabbed browsing, spell
checking, incremental find, live
bookmarking, private browsing,
add-on support which allows easy
integration of many features.
Apart from these, it supports many
standards including: HTML4, XML,
XHTML, SVG and APNG etc. It has
been one of the popular web
browsers in many Asian and
African countries with more than a
billion users around the world.
CHROME
• Features provided by Chrome
include: bookmarking and
synchronization, enhanced
security, malware blocking, and
addition of external plugins like:
AddBlock etc available in Google
Web Store which is provided as a
default extension in Chrome. Also,
it supports user tracking feature
which can be enabled if required
OPERA
•Features of this browser include: speed-dial
for quick search, tabbed browsing,
downloads manager, Page Zooming which
allows Flash, Java and SVG to be increased
or decreased as per user requirements,
deletion of HTTP cookies, browsing history
and other data on click of a button. Despite
of its criticism for compatibility, and other
UI related issues, it has been one of the
favourite browsers with total of around 291
million users in mid of 2015.

9/7/2017 pawan sharma, roll no:-ch-803 14

Top linux distributions & open source Browsers

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