Training provides employees with new skills and increases knowledge to enhance job performance. It can be delivered through on-the-job methods like coaching, mentoring, and job rotation, or off-the-job methods such as lectures, case studies, and role playing. The goal of training is to bridge the gap between existing and required skills while benefiting employees through increased confidence, earnings, and opportunities for promotion. Organizations must identify training needs, design effective programs, conduct training, and evaluate results to maximize the impact on employee and business performance.
2. Define Training?
It is a process of increasing the knowledge
and skills for doing a particular job
It bridges the gap between Existing Skill &
Expected Skill
3. Difference between Training &
Development
TRAINING DEVELOPMENT
Technical skills Conceptual skills (Leadership)
Non managerial Managerial
Short term Long term
Specific job related Total personality
External motivation Internal Motivation
5. Benefits of Training to Employees
Self confidence
Higher earnings(Income)
Safety
Adaptability
Promotions
New Skills
6. Step/Process of Training
Identifying Training
Setting Training Policy
Designing Training Programme
Conducting Training
Evaluation/Feedback
7. Principles of Training
Clear Training
Training Policy
Motivation
Behavior Modification
Organize Material
Medium Learning Periods
Feedback & Practice
Appropriate Technique
12. On the Job Training
Under these methods new or inexperienced
employees learn through observing peers or
managers performing the job and trying to
imitate their behaviour
Do not cost much and are less disruptive as
employees are always on the job, training is
given on the same machines and experience
would be on already approved standards, and
above all the trainee is learning while earning
Commonly used methods are :
13. On the Job Training
Coaching –
It is a one-to-one training
It helps in quickly identifying the weak areas
and tries to focus on them
Benefit of transferring theory learning to
practice
Biggest problem is that it perpetrates the
existing practices and styles
In India, most of the scooter mechanics are
trained only through this method
14. On the Job Training
Mentoring –
The focus in this training is on the development
of attitude
Used for managerial employees
It is always done by a senior inside person
It is also one-to- one interaction, like coaching
15. On the Job Training
Job rotation-
It is the process of training employees by
rotating them through a series of related jobs
Rotation not only makes a person well
acquainted with different jobs, but it also
alleviates boredom and allows to develop
rapport with a number of people
Rotation must be logical
16. On the Job Training
Job Instructional Technique (JIT)-
It is a Step by step (structured) on the job
training method in which a suitable trainer :
(a) prepares a trainee with an overview of the
job, its purpose, and the results desired
(b) demonstrates the task or the skill to the
trainee
(c) allows the trainee to show the
demonstration on his or her own
(d) follows up to provide feedback and help
17. On the Job Training
Job Instructional Technique (JIT)-
The trainees are presented the learning material in
written or by learning machines through a series
called ‘frames’
This method is a valuable tool for all educators
(teachers and trainers)
It helps us:
a. To deliver step-by-step instruction
b. To know when the learner has learned
c. To be due diligent (in many work-place
environments)
18. On the Job Training
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation
of practitioners of a skill
This method of training is in vogue in those trades,
crafts and technical fields in which a long period is
required for gaining proficiency
The trainees serve as apprentices to experts for long
periods
They have to work in direct association with and also
under the direct supervision of their masters
19. On the Job Training
Apprenticeship
The object of such training is to make the
trainees all-round craftsmen
It is an expensive method of training
There is no guarantee that the trained worker
will continue to work in the same organization
after securing training
The apprentices are paid remuneration
according the apprenticeship agreements
20. On the Job Training
Understudy
In this method, a superior gives training to a
subordinate as his understudy like an assistant to
a manager or director (in a film)
The subordinate learns through experience and
observation by participating in handling day to
day problems
Basic purpose is to prepare subordinate for
assuming the full responsibilities and duties
21. Off-the-job Training Methods
Off-the-job training methods are conducted in
separate from the job environment, study material
is supplied, there is full concentration on learning
rather than performing, and there is freedom of
expression
Important methods :-
22. Off-the-job Training Methods
Lectures and Conferences
Lectures and conferences are the traditional and direct
method of instruction
Every training programme starts with lecture and
conference
It’s a verbal presentation for a large audience
However, the lectures have to be motivating and
creating interest among trainees
The speaker must have considerable depth in the
subject
In the colleges and universities, lectures and seminars
are the most common methods used for training
23. Off-the-job Training Methods
Vestibule Training
Vestibule Training is a term for near-the-job training, as
it offers access to something new (learning)
An attempt is made to create working condition similar
to the actual workshop conditions
After training workers in such condition, the trained
workers may be put on similar jobs in the actual
workshop
This enables the workers to secure training in the best
methods to work and to get rid of initial nervousness
Duration ranges from few days to few weeks
It prevents trainees to commit costly mistakes on the
actual machines
24. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise –
Simulation is any artificial environment exactly
similar to the actual situation
There are four basic simulation techniques used for
imparting training:
Management games
Case study
Role playing
In-basket training
25. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise
Management games
Properly designed games help to ingrain thinking
habits, analytical, logical and reasoning
capabilities, importance of team work, time
management, to make decisions lacking complete
information, communication and leadership
capabilities
Use of management games can encourage novel,
innovative mechanisms for coping with stress
26. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise
Management games
Management games orient a candidate with
practical applicability of the subject
These games help to appreciate management
concepts in a practical way
Different games are used for training general
managers and the middle management and
functional heads – executive Games and
functional heads
27. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise
Case Study
Case studies are complex examples which give an insight
into the context of a problem as well as illustrating the
main point
Case Studies are trainee centered activities based on topics
that demonstrate theoretical concepts in an applied setting
A case study allows the application of theoretical concepts
to be demonstrated, thus bridging the gap between theory
and practice, encourage active learning, provides an
opportunity for the development of key skills such as
communication, group working and problem solving, and
increases the trainees” enjoyment of the topic and hence
their desire to learn
29. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise
Role Playing
Each trainee takes the role of a person affected by an
issue and studies the impacts of the issues on human life
and/or the effects of human activities on the world
around us from the perspective of that person
In particular, role-playing presents the student a
valuable opportunity to learn not just the course content,
but other perspectives on it
The steps involved in role playing include defining
objectives, choose context & roles, introducing the
exercise, trainee preparation/research, the role-play,
concluding discussion, and assessment
Types of role play may be multiple role play, single role
play, role rotation, and spontaneous role play
31. Off-the-job Training Methods
Simulation Exercise
In Basket Training
In-basket exercise, also known as in-tray training,
consists of a set of business papers which may
include e-mail SMSs, reports, memos, and other
items
Now the trainer is asked to priorities the decisions
to be made immediately and the ones that can be
delayed
34. Off-the-job Training Methods
Sensitivity Training
Sensitivity training is also known as laboratory or T-
group training
This training is about making people understand
about themselves and others reasonably, which is
done by developing in them social sensitivity and
behavioral flexibility
It is ability of an individual to sense what others feel
and think from their own point of view
It reveals information about his or her own personal
qualities, concerns, emotional issues, and things that
he or she has in common with other members of the
group
35. Off-the-job Training Methods
Sensitivity Training
A group’s trainer refrains from acting as a group
leader or lecturer, attempting instead to clarify the
group processes using incidents as examples to
clarify general points or provide feedback
The group action, overall, is the goal as well as
the process
Sensitivity training Program comprises three
steps:-
37. Off-the-job Training Methods
Transactional Analysis
It provides trainees with a realistic and useful
method for analyzing and understanding the
behavior of others
In every social interaction, there is a motivation
provided by one person and a reaction to that
motivation given by another person
This motivation reaction relationship between two
persons is known as a transaction
Transactional analysis can be done by the ego
(system of feelings accompanied by a related set of
behaviors states of an individual)
38. Off-the-job Training Methods
Transactional Analysis
Child
It is a collection of recordings in the brain of an
individual of behaviors, attitudes, and impulses which
come to him/her naturally from his/her own
understanding as a child
The characteristics of this ego are to be spontaneous,
intense, unconfident, reliant, probing, anxious, etc.
Verbal clues that a person is operating from its child
state are the use of words like “I guess”, “I suppose”,
etc. and non verbal clues like, giggling, coyness, silent,
attention seeking etc.
39. Off-the-job Training Methods
Transactional Analysis
Parent
It is a collection of recordings in the brain of an
individual of behaviors, attitudes, and impulses
imposed on her in her childhood from various sources
such as, social, parents, friends, etc.
The characteristics of this ego are to be overprotective,
isolated, rigid, bossy, etc.
Verbal clues that a person is operating from its parent
states are the use of words like, always, should, never,
etc and non-verbal clues such as, raising eyebrows,
pointing an accusing finger at somebody, etc.
40. Off-the-job Training Methods
Transactional Analysis
Adult
It is a collection of reality testing, rational
behaviour, decision making, etc. A person in this
ego state verifies, updates the reaction which she
has received from the other two states. It is a shift
from the taught and felt concepts to tested
concepts.
All of us show behaviour from one ego state
which is responded to by the other person from
any of these three states.
42. Evaluation of training by experimentation or
observation conducted during pre-training/post
training
Training is linked
with
Performance
Appraisal
Potential
Development
Career Growth &
Advancement
Behaviour
Modification
Promotion